Skarpnäcksfältet
Encyclopedia
Skarpnäcksfältet is a subdistrict of Skarpnäcks Gård
in the Skarpnäck borough
of Stockholm
, Sweden
. Skarpnäcksfältet was built in the 1980s, and has 8,734 inhabitants as of December 31, 2009.
s, such as a hill fort
and stone circle
s near Flatensjön, indicate that Skarpnäcksfältet and nearby areas were populated by viking
s as early as the 10th century.
of the Årsta
property, was first mentioned in the will of Duke Valdemar
in 1318, where it was listed as one of his donations to Uppsala domkyrka. Skarpa derives from the word skarp (sharp), and is believed to have indicated the soil quality, which was heavy loam
. It is believed that the small village of Skarpa by, with the Skarpa cottage, also consisted of three homestead
s dating as far back as the 13th century.
According to a document from 1432, Skarpa was sold by the Archdiocese of Uppsala
to Hans Kröpelin, the chieftain of Eric of Pomerania
, who was the King of Sweden at the time. Like in the will of Duke Valdemar, Skarpa was part of the Årsta property.
During the 17th century, the land and cottages of Skarpa by were included in the Tyresö property. Tyresö was owned by the Oxenstierna
family, which constructed a mansion in Skarpa by. A countess of the family (Maria Sofia de la Gardie) made Skarpa a manor which she named Skarpnäck. The manor continued to grow in the 18th century, now housing workers and farmers. The manor switched owners a few times, and in the beginning of the 19th century, there were almost 30 buildings in Skarpnäcks gård. The last owner, Friedrich Neumüller, constructed the main building which still exists today, roughly 150 years later. Eventually, in 1922, the property was sold to the Stockholm Municipality.
was constructed on Skarpnäcksfältet around 1940. Originally intended to be a a reserve airfield for the military, those plans were soon abandoned, and in 1943, Stockholms Segelflygklubb (Stockholm's Sailplane Association) moved its operations to the airfield. The airfield was commonly used for other activities, including balloon flying, races such as the 1948 Stockholm Grand Prix
, baseball and greyhound racing
.
The airfield became a centre for alternative society movements
. In August 1950, the International Union of Socialist Youth
, together with the Swedish Social Democratic Youth Association, organized a week-long international tent camp, in which Tage Erlander
(prime minister of Sweden
), participated. During the United Nations environmental conference in 1972
, which took place in Stockholm, thousands of hippie
s, environmental activists
and leftist activists
gathered in a large tent camp at Skarpnäck Airfield, organized mostly by the Hog Farm
and other Woodstock veterans. This also became a large musical event, with progressive artists
like Peps Persson
, Kebnekajse
, Blå Tåget
and Träd, Gräs & Stenar
playing.
With the initiative of Motorförarnas Helnykterhetsförbund, a temperance organization
, Sweden's first drive-in
church service
was held at Skarpnäck Airfield on May 30, 1957. Bishop
Odd Hagen of the Methodist church
spoke in front of 1,000 cars, and altogether around 6,000 people. The altar was placed on a lorry platform.
In September 1980, the Stockholm Municipality decided that a large residential area
called Skarpnäcksstaden (The Skarpnäck City) would be constructed on the airfield. The baseball and greyhound-racing facilities remained and were included in the new residential area, but the greyhound-racing was closed in 2006 in favour of a football field
of artificial turf
.
(the two subdistricts). Skarpnäcksfältet accounts for the majority of the Skarpnäcks gård district's population, and is colloquially referred to as Skarpnäck
. Skarpnäcksfältet is served by a metro station named Skarpnäck, contributing to the name confusion.
Skarpnäcksfältet neighbours Flaten
to the southeast, Orhem
to the south, Sköndal
in the Farsta borough
to the southwest, Pungpinan
to the northwest, Bagarmossen
to the north, and the nature reserve Nackareservatet
in Nacka Municipality
to the east.
. Skarpnäck is the terminus of the green line 17
, a role it took from Bagarmossen
in 1994. A number of buses also pass through Skarpnäcksfältet – 180 between Kärrtorp and Orhem, 811 between Gullmarsplan
and Älta
and 816 between Gullmarsplan and Tyresö Centrum
. 181 to Farsta strand
, 172 to Norsborg
and 173 to Skärholmen all have their terminus on Skarpnäcksfältet.
The construction of Skarpnäcksstaden began in the early 1980s. This was a few years after the finish of the million programme
, a project designed to offer everyone a reasonably priced home by building one million dwelling
s in a 10-year period, 1965 to 1974. While the project succeeded, it was heavily criticized for the buildings' lack of aesthetics, the common image of a million programme building being a large, gray apartment complex of cement in a monotone dormitory suburb.
Thus, with the planning of Skarpnäcksstaden, time was spent to assure that the mistakes of the million programme were not repeated. The area was to move away from the mass production-style of the million programme, instead focusing on a variation of houses and apartments. Skarpnäcksstaden was intended to be a complete small town
in itself, with housing, workplaces and schools. In all, the classical elements of a small town inspired the design of Skarpnäcksfältet greatly, for instance in the structure of blocks
with street
s, square
s and courtyard
s.
The characteristical orange-red brick
buildings of Skarpnäcksfältet have received international attention, partially because the relatively large area consists of exclusively such buildings. Other than the apartment buildings, a number of row-houses and an industrial area
were built around the same time, painted in similar colours to fit with the rest of Skarpnäcksfältet. The design, by architect
Leif Blomquist, has received several awards for its extraordinarity. Skarpnäcksfältet has considerably few connections with other districts, giving it the image of a slightly isolated area, and some argue that a road to Bagarmossen with new housing developments would lead to a better integration
of Skarpnäcksfältet, while others think that the nature between the two areas should be preserved.
s, 736 were privately owned rental apartments and 1,235 were condominium
s. As of December 31, 2009, there are 3,564 apartments on Skarpnäcksfältet - 1,323 publicly owned rental apartments, 194 privately owned rental apartments and 2,047 condominiums. There are also 277 other dwellings, mostly row-houses.
As of December 31, 2009, there are 332 studio apartment
s, 1,155 two-room apartments, 1,199 three-room apartments, 816 four-room apartments and 150 five-room apartments. Most of the other 277 dwellings have four or five rooms. Given that there were many big apartments on Skarpnäcksfältet, plenty of families with children moved there, which lead to Skarpnäcksfältet having the highest child density (highest number of children per square km) in northern Europe
during the mid-90s.
The unemployment rate of Skarpnäcksfältet was 4.8% on October 31, 2009. In comparison, 3.8% of the Skarpnäck borough population were unemployed, and 3.6% of Stockholm as a whole. The average income on Skarpnäcksfältet was 227,000 Swedish kronor, this was below the Skarpnäck borough average of 250,200 Swedish kronor as well as the Stockholm average of 294,500 Swedish kronor.
Skarpnäcks Gård
thumb|220px|Skarpnäcks gårdSkarpnäcks gård is a district in Skarpnäck in Stockholm Municipality, Sweden. Skarpnäcks Gård has 10,348 inhabitants as of December 31, 2007....
in the Skarpnäck borough
Skarpnäck borough
SkarpnäckCountry:Municipality: StockholmMunicipal part:SöderortArea:15.66 km²Population:40,707 Established:2007Website:MapSkarpnäck is a so called borough in the southern part of Stockholm, Sweden....
of Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
, Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
. Skarpnäcksfältet was built in the 1980s, and has 8,734 inhabitants as of December 31, 2009.
History
Archaeological findingArchaeology
Archaeology, or archeology , is the study of human society, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes...
s, such as a hill fort
Hill fort
A hill fort is a type of earthworks used as a fortified refuge or defended settlement, located to exploit a rise in elevation for defensive advantage. They are typically European and of the Bronze and Iron Ages. Some were used in the post-Roman period...
and stone circle
Stone circle
A stone circle is a monument of standing stones arranged in a circle. Such monuments have been constructed across the world throughout history for many different reasons....
s near Flatensjön, indicate that Skarpnäcksfältet and nearby areas were populated by viking
Viking
The term Viking is customarily used to refer to the Norse explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided, traded, explored and settled in wide areas of Europe, Asia and the North Atlantic islands from the late 8th to the mid-11th century.These Norsemen used their famed longships to...
s as early as the 10th century.
Skarpa by
Skarpa, a cottageCottage
__toc__In modern usage, a cottage is usually a modest, often cozy dwelling, typically in a rural or semi-rural location. However there are cottage-style dwellings in cities, and in places such as Canada the term exists with no connotations of size at all...
of the Årsta
Årsta
Årsta may refer to:* a Stockholm district, west of Hammarby and south of Södermalm, across the Årstaviken gulf of Lake Mälaren, see Enskede-Årsta borough* Årsta Castle, a castle in the municipality of Haninge, Stockholm County...
property, was first mentioned in the will of Duke Valdemar
Valdemar, Duke of Finland
Valdemar Magnusson was a Swedish prince, heir to the throne of Sweden and Duke of Finland.-Background:Valdemar was the third son of King Magnus III of Sweden and his queen Helvig of Holstein. At the coronation of his older brother King Birger of Sweden, Valdemar became the duke of Finland...
in 1318, where it was listed as one of his donations to Uppsala domkyrka. Skarpa derives from the word skarp (sharp), and is believed to have indicated the soil quality, which was heavy loam
Loam
Loam is soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration . Loam soils generally contain more nutrients and humus than sandy soils, have better infiltration and drainage than silty soils, and are easier to till than clay soils...
. It is believed that the small village of Skarpa by, with the Skarpa cottage, also consisted of three homestead
Homestead (buildings)
A homestead is either a single building, or collection of buildings grouped together on a large agricultural holding, such as a ranch, station or a large agricultural operation of some other designation.-See also:* Farm house* Homestead Act...
s dating as far back as the 13th century.
According to a document from 1432, Skarpa was sold by the Archdiocese of Uppsala
Archdiocese of Uppsala
The Archdiocese of Uppsala, Lutheran 'successor' to the former Roman Catholic Swedish province, is one of the thirteen dioceses of the Church of Sweden and the only one having the status of an archdiocese.-Lutheran archdiocese:...
to Hans Kröpelin, the chieftain of Eric of Pomerania
Eric of Pomerania
Eric of Pomerania KG was King Eric III of Norway Norwegian Eirik, King Eric VII of Denmark , and as Eric King of Sweden...
, who was the King of Sweden at the time. Like in the will of Duke Valdemar, Skarpa was part of the Årsta property.
During the 17th century, the land and cottages of Skarpa by were included in the Tyresö property. Tyresö was owned by the Oxenstierna
Oxenstierna
Oxenstierna, an ancient Swedish noble family, the origin of which can be traced up to the middle of the 14th century, which had vast estates in Södermanland and Uppland, and began to adopt its armorial designation of Oxenstierna as a personal name towards the end of the 16th century...
family, which constructed a mansion in Skarpa by. A countess of the family (Maria Sofia de la Gardie) made Skarpa a manor which she named Skarpnäck. The manor continued to grow in the 18th century, now housing workers and farmers. The manor switched owners a few times, and in the beginning of the 19th century, there were almost 30 buildings in Skarpnäcks gård. The last owner, Friedrich Neumüller, constructed the main building which still exists today, roughly 150 years later. Eventually, in 1922, the property was sold to the Stockholm Municipality.
Skarpnäck Airfield
The Skarpnäck AirfieldSkarpnäck Airfield
Skarpnäck Airfield was an airfield on Skarpnäcksfältet, a subdistrict of Skarpnäck borough, Stockholm, Sweden. It was mostly used for gliding, and was closed in 1980...
was constructed on Skarpnäcksfältet around 1940. Originally intended to be a a reserve airfield for the military, those plans were soon abandoned, and in 1943, Stockholms Segelflygklubb (Stockholm's Sailplane Association) moved its operations to the airfield. The airfield was commonly used for other activities, including balloon flying, races such as the 1948 Stockholm Grand Prix
1948 Stockholm Grand Prix
The 1948 Stockholm Grand Prix was a Grand Prix race held according to the then new Formula Two rules, at Skarpnäck Airfield outside Stockholm on 30 May 1948. It was won by B. Bira in a Simca-Gordini T15 entered by Equipe Gordini....
, baseball and greyhound racing
Greyhound racing
Greyhound racing is the sport of racing greyhounds. The dogs chase a lure on a track until they arrive at the finish line. The one that arrives first is the winner....
.
The airfield became a centre for alternative society movements
Counterculture
Counterculture is a sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a cultural group, or subculture, that run counter to those of the social mainstream of the day, the cultural equivalent of political opposition. Counterculture can also be described as a group whose behavior...
. In August 1950, the International Union of Socialist Youth
International Union of Socialist Youth
The International Union of Socialist Youth encompasses socialist, social democratic and Labour Party youth organizations from more than 100 states of the world...
, together with the Swedish Social Democratic Youth Association, organized a week-long international tent camp, in which Tage Erlander
Tage Erlander
was a Swedish politician. He was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1946 to 1969...
(prime minister of Sweden
Prime Minister of Sweden
The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
), participated. During the United Nations environmental conference in 1972
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was an international conference convened under United Nations auspices held in Stockholm, Sweden from June 5–16, 1972...
, which took place in Stockholm, thousands of hippie
Hippie
The hippie subculture was originally a youth movement that arose in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world. The etymology of the term 'hippie' is from hipster, and was initially used to describe beatniks who had moved into San Francisco's...
s, environmental activists
Environmentalism
Environmentalism is a broad philosophy, ideology and social movement regarding concerns for environmental conservation and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorporate the concerns of non-human elements...
and leftist activists
Left-wing politics
In politics, Left, left-wing and leftist generally refer to support for social change to create a more egalitarian society...
gathered in a large tent camp at Skarpnäck Airfield, organized mostly by the Hog Farm
Hog Farm
The Hog Farm is an organization considered to be America's longest running hippie commune. With beginnings as an actual collective hog farm in Tujunga, California, the group, founded in the 1960s by peace activist and clown Wavy Gravy, evolved into a "mobile, hallucination-extended family", active...
and other Woodstock veterans. This also became a large musical event, with progressive artists
Progg
Progg, a contraction of the Swedish word for "progressive music" was a left-wing and anti-commercial musical movement in Sweden that had its roots in the late 1960s, and its golden age in the 1970s. It should not be confused with the English expression progressive music or progressive rock. Progg...
like Peps Persson
Peps Persson
Peps Persson is a Swedish blues and reggae musician from Tjörnarp, Scania. Throughout his career he has mostly made music in Swedish and is well known for his Scanian dialect...
, Kebnekajse
Kebnekajse
Kebnekajse are a Swedish band that was most active during the 1970s. The band were greatly influenced by both traditional Swedish folk music and African music. Their name is taken from Kebnekaise, the highest mountain in Sweden...
, Blå Tåget
Blå Tåget
Blå Tåget is a Swedish progg-band, that used to go under the name Gunder Hägg, the name of a legendary Swedish runner, but after name conflicts occurred they changed name to Blå Tåget in 1972.Their lyrics cover a wide range, frommarxist analysis and...
and Träd, Gräs & Stenar
Träd, Gräs & Stenar
Träd, Gräs & Stenar is a Swedish rock band formed in 1969. The group was one of the front acts of the Swedish progg scene, although noticeably less political than their contemporary counterparts....
playing.
With the initiative of Motorförarnas Helnykterhetsförbund, a temperance organization
Temperance movement
A temperance movement is a social movement urging reduced use of alcoholic beverages. Temperance movements may criticize excessive alcohol use, promote complete abstinence , or pressure the government to enact anti-alcohol legislation or complete prohibition of alcohol.-Temperance movement by...
, Sweden's first drive-in
Drive-in
A drive-in is a facility such as a bank, restaurant, or movie theater where one can literally drive in with an automobile for service. It is usually distinguished from a drive-through. At a drive-in restaurant, for example, customers park their vehicles and are usually served by staff who walk out...
church service
Church service
In Christianity, a church service is a term used to describe a formalized period of communal worship, often but not exclusively occurring on Sunday, or Saturday in the case of those churches practicing seventh-day Sabbatarianism. The church service is the gathering together of Christians to be...
was held at Skarpnäck Airfield on May 30, 1957. Bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
Odd Hagen of the Methodist church
Methodism
Methodism is a movement of Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations, claiming a total of approximately seventy million adherents worldwide. The movement traces its roots to John Wesley's evangelistic revival movement within Anglicanism. His younger brother...
spoke in front of 1,000 cars, and altogether around 6,000 people. The altar was placed on a lorry platform.
In September 1980, the Stockholm Municipality decided that a large residential area
Residential area
A residential area is a land use in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit...
called Skarpnäcksstaden (The Skarpnäck City) would be constructed on the airfield. The baseball and greyhound-racing facilities remained and were included in the new residential area, but the greyhound-racing was closed in 2006 in favour of a football field
Association football pitch
An association football pitch is the playing surface for the game of association football made of turf. Its dimensions and markings are defined by Law 1 of the Laws of the Game, "The Field of Play".All line markings on the pitch form part of the area which they define...
of artificial turf
Artificial turf
Artificial turf is a surface manufactured from synthetic fibers made to look like natural grass. It is most often used in arenas for sports that were originally or are normally played on grass. However, it is now being used on residential lawns and commercial applications as well...
.
Geography
Skarpnäcksfältet is a subdistrict of Skarpnäcks gård in the Skarpnäck borough. However, since the area's construction in the 1980s, the police and Stockholm Municipality publish their statistics for Skarpnäcks gård separately between Skarpnäcksfältet and PungpinanPungpinan
Pungpinan is a small subdistrict of Skarpnäcks Gård in Skarpnäck borough in Stockholm that consists mostly of detached houses....
(the two subdistricts). Skarpnäcksfältet accounts for the majority of the Skarpnäcks gård district's population, and is colloquially referred to as Skarpnäck
Skarpnäck
Skarpnäck may refer to:*Skarpnäck borough in Stockholm, Sweden*Skarpnäck metro station, a Stockholm Metro station*Skarpnäck parish, a Church of Sweden parish in Stockholm, Sweden*Skarpnäcksfältet, a subdistrict in Skarpnäcks Gård district, Skarpnäck borough...
. Skarpnäcksfältet is served by a metro station named Skarpnäck, contributing to the name confusion.
Skarpnäcksfältet neighbours Flaten
Flaten
Flaten is a lake in southern Stockholm, Sweden, located just north of Lake Drevviken. The name is also used for the surrounding area and the nature reserve created there in 2007....
to the southeast, Orhem
Orhem
Orhem is a district in Skarpnäck borough, Stockholm, Sweden. Orhem has 82 inhabitants as of December 31, 2006.Orhem has a small number of permanent housing. There are several allotment gardens in Orhem. A large part of Orhem is in the Flaten nature reserve....
to the south, Sköndal
Sköndal
is a district in the Farsta borough of southern Stockholm. It neighbours to the northwest, to the west, Farsta to the southwest and to the south. To the east and partially north it neighbours the Skarpnäck borough, in particular the districts of and Orhem...
in the Farsta borough
Farsta borough
Farsta is a so-called borough in Söderort in the southern part of Stockholm Municipality, Sweden.-Overview:The districts that make up the borough are Fagersjö, Farsta, Farsta strand, Farstanäset, Gubbängen, Hökarängen, Larsboda, Sköndal, Svedmyra and Tallkrogen. The population is 45,463 on an...
to the southwest, Pungpinan
Pungpinan
Pungpinan is a small subdistrict of Skarpnäcks Gård in Skarpnäck borough in Stockholm that consists mostly of detached houses....
to the northwest, Bagarmossen
Bagarmossen
Bagarmossen is a working/lower class district in the Skarpnäck borough of Stockholm, Sweden. Bagarmossen has 10,951 inhabitants as of December 31, 2009.- Geography and transportation :Bagarmossen is located southeast of central Stockholm...
to the north, and the nature reserve Nackareservatet
Nackareservatet
Nackareservatet is a nature reserve along the border between Stockholm and Nacka Municipality in Sweden.The area includes small lakes. with a natural setting typical of the southern Stockholm area. There are pine trees, rocky outcrops, and wetlands with small brooks...
in Nacka Municipality
Nacka Municipality
Nacka Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located at Nacka. The municipality is situated just east of the capital Stockholm and the western parts are considered a suburban part of the Stockholm urban area.The present municipality was created in...
to the east.
Transportation
The Skarpnäck metro station is located below ground, and has one entrance on Skarpnäcks Allé. The original plan was to have two entrances, the other one located south of the current one, but those plans were never carried out. Skarpnäck metro station opened in 1994, making it the 100th and newest station of the Stockholm MetroStockholm Metro
The Stockholm Metro is a metro system in Stockholm, Sweden. The first line opened in 1950, and today the system has 100 stations in use, of which 47 are underground and 53 above ground. There are seven lines numbered from 10 to 19, in three groups identified by a color: the Green, Red and Blue lines...
. Skarpnäck is the terminus of the green line 17
Line 17 (Stockholm Metro)
Line 17 is one of the three green lines of the Stockholm Metro connecting Åkeshov and Skarpnäck. It is a 19.6 km long line with a 43 min travel time and 24 stations.-Stations:* Åkeshov* Brommaplan* Abrahamsberg* Stora Mossen* Alvik...
, a role it took from Bagarmossen
Bagarmossen metro station
Bagarmossen metro station is on the green line of the Stockholm Metro, located in Bagarmossen, Söderort.The current station is 19 metres below ground level and was opened on August 15, 1994 as the extension to Skarpnäck was taken into service. The old surface-level station with the same name was...
in 1994. A number of buses also pass through Skarpnäcksfältet – 180 between Kärrtorp and Orhem, 811 between Gullmarsplan
Gullmarsplan
Gullmarsplan is a place in Johanneshov, Stockholm. The square there was built at the same time the new city area was developed in the 1940s. The business area around the square was inaugurated in 1946....
and Älta
Älta
Älta is a locality situated in Nacka Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 9,274 inhabitants in 2005....
and 816 between Gullmarsplan and Tyresö Centrum
Tyresö Centrum
Tyresö Centrum is an enclosed shopping centre in Tyresö centre, Bollmora, the municipal centre of Tyresö, Sweden. It has 74 stores and other social or commercial units....
. 181 to Farsta strand
Farsta strand
Farsta strand is a suburban satellite town in the south part of Stockholm Municipality, Sweden.-Communications:The railway station Farsta strand was opened in 1901 and was called Södertörns villastad until 1989...
, 172 to Norsborg
Norsborg
Norsborg is a part of Botkyrka Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden. Norsborg and Hallunda are continuous suburbs.Norsborg has the south-western terminus of the Stockholm metro system's red line. It was opened in 1975 and is the westernmost of all Stockholm metro stations.The largest fresh...
and 173 to Skärholmen all have their terminus on Skarpnäcksfältet.
Architecture
Million Programme
The Million Programme is the common name for an ambitious housing programme implemented in Sweden between 1965 and 1974 by the governing Swedish Social Democratic Party to make sure everyone could have a home at a reasonable price. The aim of the programme was to build a million new dwellings in a...
, a project designed to offer everyone a reasonably priced home by building one million dwelling
Dwelling
Dwelling, as well as being a term for a house, or for living somewhere, or for lingering somewhere, is a philosophical concept which was developed by Martin Heidegger. Dwelling is about making yourself at home where the home itself is a building that is a house...
s in a 10-year period, 1965 to 1974. While the project succeeded, it was heavily criticized for the buildings' lack of aesthetics, the common image of a million programme building being a large, gray apartment complex of cement in a monotone dormitory suburb.
Thus, with the planning of Skarpnäcksstaden, time was spent to assure that the mistakes of the million programme were not repeated. The area was to move away from the mass production-style of the million programme, instead focusing on a variation of houses and apartments. Skarpnäcksstaden was intended to be a complete small town
Town
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...
in itself, with housing, workplaces and schools. In all, the classical elements of a small town inspired the design of Skarpnäcksfältet greatly, for instance in the structure of blocks
City block
A city block, urban block or simply block is a central element of urban planning and urban design. A city block is the smallest area that is surrounded by streets. City blocks are the space for buildings within the street pattern of a city, they form the basic unit of a city's urban fabric...
with street
Street
A street is a paved public thoroughfare in a built environment. It is a public parcel of land adjoining buildings in an urban context, on which people may freely assemble, interact, and move about. A street can be as simple as a level patch of dirt, but is more often paved with a hard, durable...
s, square
Quadrangle (architecture)
In architecture, a quadrangle is a space or courtyard, usually rectangular in plan, the sides of which are entirely or mainly occupied by parts of a large building. The word is probably most closely associated with college or university campus architecture, but quadrangles may be found in other...
s and courtyard
Courtyard
A court or courtyard is an enclosed area, often a space enclosed by a building that is open to the sky. These areas in inns and public buildings were often the primary meeting places for some purposes, leading to the other meanings of court....
s.
The characteristical orange-red brick
Brick
A brick is a block of ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually laid using various kinds of mortar. It has been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.-History:...
buildings of Skarpnäcksfältet have received international attention, partially because the relatively large area consists of exclusively such buildings. Other than the apartment buildings, a number of row-houses and an industrial area
Industrial region
Industrial region or industrial area refers to a region with extremely dense industry. It is usually heavily urbanized.-Brazil:*ABCD Region, sometimes called ABC is an industrial region made up of seven municipalities with the greater metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil.-Korea:*Kaesŏng...
were built around the same time, painted in similar colours to fit with the rest of Skarpnäcksfältet. The design, by architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
Leif Blomquist, has received several awards for its extraordinarity. Skarpnäcksfältet has considerably few connections with other districts, giving it the image of a slightly isolated area, and some argue that a road to Bagarmossen with new housing developments would lead to a better integration
Social integration
Social integration, in sociology and other social sciences, is the movement of minority groups such as ethnic minorities, refugees and underprivileged sections of a society into the mainstream of societies...
of Skarpnäcksfältet, while others think that the nature between the two areas should be preserved.
Housing
Between 1982 and 1990, 3,390 apartments were built on Skarpnäcksfältet. On December 31, 1990, 1,419 of those were publicly owned rental apartmentApartment
An apartment or flat is a self-contained housing unit that occupies only part of a building...
s, 736 were privately owned rental apartments and 1,235 were condominium
Condominium
A condominium, or condo, is the form of housing tenure and other real property where a specified part of a piece of real estate is individually owned while use of and access to common facilities in the piece such as hallways, heating system, elevators, exterior areas is executed under legal rights...
s. As of December 31, 2009, there are 3,564 apartments on Skarpnäcksfältet - 1,323 publicly owned rental apartments, 194 privately owned rental apartments and 2,047 condominiums. There are also 277 other dwellings, mostly row-houses.
As of December 31, 2009, there are 332 studio apartment
Studio apartment
A studio apartment, also known as a studio flat , efficiency apartment or bachelor/bachelorette style apartment, is a small apartment which combines living room, bedroom, and kitchen or kitchenette into a single room...
s, 1,155 two-room apartments, 1,199 three-room apartments, 816 four-room apartments and 150 five-room apartments. Most of the other 277 dwellings have four or five rooms. Given that there were many big apartments on Skarpnäcksfältet, plenty of families with children moved there, which lead to Skarpnäcksfältet having the highest child density (highest number of children per square km) in northern Europe
Northern Europe
Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Northern Europe typically refers to the seven countries in the northern part of the European subcontinent which includes Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland and Sweden...
during the mid-90s.
Demographics
Skarpnäcksfältet has 8,734 inhabitants as of December 31, 2009. People with a foreign background (born outside Sweden, or with both parents born outside Sweden) made up for 42.8% of Skarpnäcksfältet's population, compared to 26.6% of the entire Skarpnäck borough, and 28.7% of Stockholm as a whole.The unemployment rate of Skarpnäcksfältet was 4.8% on October 31, 2009. In comparison, 3.8% of the Skarpnäck borough population were unemployed, and 3.6% of Stockholm as a whole. The average income on Skarpnäcksfältet was 227,000 Swedish kronor, this was below the Skarpnäck borough average of 250,200 Swedish kronor as well as the Stockholm average of 294,500 Swedish kronor.