The Catholic Church in Canada is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope

Pope

The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...

 and the Canadian Bishops Conference. It has the largest number of followers of a religion in Canada with 46% of Canadians (13,070,000 as of 2008) baptized as Catholics. There are 72 diocese

Diocese

A diocese is the district or see under the supervision of a bishop. It is divided into parishes.An archdiocese is more significant than a diocese. An archdiocese is presided over by an archbishop whose see may have or had importance due to size or historical significance...

s and about 8,000 priest

Priest

A priest is a person authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities...

s in Canada.

Catholicism arrived in Canada in 1534, when Jacques Cartier

Jacques Cartier

Jacques Cartier was a French explorer of Breton origin who claimed what is now Canada for France. He was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named "The Country of Canadas", after the Iroquois names for the two big...

 planted a cross at Gaspe. In 1608, Samuel de Champlain

Samuel de Champlain

Samuel de Champlain , "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608....

 founded the first Catholic colony in Quebec City

Quebec City

Quebec , also Québec, Quebec City or Québec City is the capital of the Canadian province of Quebec and is located within the Capitale-Nationale region. It is the second most populous city in Quebec after Montreal, which is about to the southwest...

. Later, in 1611, he established a fur trading post on the Island of Montreal

Island of Montreal

The Island of Montreal , in extreme southwestern Quebec, Canada, is located at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers. It is separated from Île Jésus by the Rivière des Prairies....

, which later became a Catholic colony for trade and missionary activity.

Some important Catholic sites in Montreal

Montreal

Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...

 are Notre-Dame Basilica

Notre-Dame Basilica (Montreal)

Notre-Dame Basilica is a basilica in the historic district of Old Montreal, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The church is located at 110 Notre-Dame Street West, at the corner of Saint Sulpice Street...

, Saint Joseph's Oratory

Saint Joseph's Oratory

Saint Joseph's Oratory of Mount Royal, , is a Roman Catholic minor basilica and national shrine on the west slope of Mount Royal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.-History:...

, Blessed Brother Andre's chapel, and Marie-Reine-du-Monde. In Quebec, Notre Dames des Victoires, Notre-Dame de Quebec Cathedral

Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral

The Cathedral-minor basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec , located at 20, rue de Buade, Quebec City, Quebec, is the primate church of Canada and seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec, the oldest see in the New World north of Mexico.It is also the parish church of the oldest parish in North...

 and Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Quebec

Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Quebec

Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré is a town in La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada, along the Saint Lawrence River, north-east of the Quebec City. The population was 2,803 according to the Canada 2006 Census...

.

In Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The name of the province is Latin for "New Scotland," but "Nova Scotia" is the recognized, English-language name of the province. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the...

, St. Francis Xavier University

St. Francis Xavier University

St. Francis Xavier University is a post-secondary institution located in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. The school was founded in 1853, but did not offer degrees until 1868. The university has approximately 5000 students.-History:...

, a Scot Catholic university associated with the Antigonish Movement

Antigonish Movement

The Antigonish Movement blended adult education, co-operatives, microfinance and rural community development to help small, resource-based communities around Canada’s Maritimes improve their economic and social circumstances. A group of priests and educators, including Father Jimmy Tompkins, Father...

 and the highland games

Highland games

Highland games are events held throughout the &Highland games are events held throughout the &Highland games are events held throughout the &(-è_çà in Scotland and other countries as a way of celebrating Scottish and Celtic culture and heritage, especially that of the Scottish Highlands. Certain...

.

Within Canada the hierarchy consists of:

Archbishopric Bishopric Edmonton Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton is a Roman Catholic archdiocese in the Province of Alberta. Its suffragan dioceses are Calgary and Saint Paul. Historically, the archdiocese was preceded by the Diocese of St Albert which was erected in 1871. In 1912 the present archdiocese was erected... Calgary Roman Catholic Diocese of Calgary The Roman Catholic Diocese of Calgary is a diocese that includes the Calgary Region, all of southern Alberta and the extreme lower half of the Alberta's Rockies region. It is currently led by Bishop Frederick Henry... Saint Paul, Alberta Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul, Alberta The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Paul in Alberta is a Roman Catholic diocese that includes part of the Province of Alberta. It is currently led by Bishop Joseph Luc André Bouchard.... Gatineau Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gatineau The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gatineau is situated in the province of Quebec and includes the suffragan dioceses of Amos, Mont-Laurier and Rouyn-Noranda. It is currently led by Archbishop Roger Ébacher.... Amos Roman Catholic Diocese of Amos The Roman Catholic Diocese of Amos is a Roman Catholic diocese that includes part of the Province of Quebec. It is currently led by Bishop-elect Gilles Lemay, formerly an Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Quebec, since his appointment by Pope Benedict XVI on Tuesday, February 22, 2011, to... Mont-Laurier Roman Catholic Diocese of Mont-Laurier The Roman Catholic Diocese of Mont-Laurier is a Roman Catholic diocese that includes part of the Province of Quebec. It is currently led by Bishop Vital Massé.... Rouyn-Noranda Roman Catholic Diocese of Rouyn-Noranda The Roman Catholic Diocese of Rouyn–Noranda is a Roman Catholic diocese that includes part of the Province of Quebec. It is currently led by Bishop Dorylas Moreau.... Grouard-McLennan Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Grouard-McLennan The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Grouard–McLennan is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in Canada. Its ecclesiastic territory includes the northwest section of the Province of Alberta, the boundaries of which are, on the north the 60th parallel north, separating it from the... Mackenzie-Fort Smith Roman Catholic Diocese of Mackenzie-Fort Smith The Roman Catholic Diocese of Mackenzie–Fort Smith is a Roman Catholic diocese that includes part of the Northwest Territories of Canada. It is currently led by Bishop Murray Chatlain.... Whitehorse Roman Catholic Diocese of Whitehorse The Roman Catholic Diocese of Whitehorse is a Roman Catholic diocese that includes part of the territory of Yukon. It is currently led by Bishop Gary Gordon.... Halifax Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Halifax The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Halifax is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes part of the Province of Nova Scotia and includes the suffragan dioceses of Antigonish, Charlottetown, and Yarmouth... Antigonish Roman Catholic Diocese of Antigonish The Roman Catholic Diocese of Antigonish is a Latin Rite diocese in Nova Scotia, Canada covering the counties of Pictou, Antigonish, Guysborough, Inverness, Victoria, Richmond and Cape Breton. It had previously existed under the name of the diocese of Arichat.... Charlottetown Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlottetown The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlottetown is a Roman Catholic diocese which comprises the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. It is currently led by Bishop Richard John Grecco... Yarmouth Keewatin-Le-Pas Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Keewatin-Le Pas The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Keewatin–Le Pas is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes parts of the Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta and has the suffragan dioceses of Churchill-Baie d'Hudson, Labrador City-Schefferville, and the Moosonee... Churchill-Baie d'Hudson Roman Catholic Diocese of Churchill-Baie d'Hudson The Roman Catholic Diocese of Churchill–Baie d'Hudson is a Roman Catholic diocese that includes part of the Province of Manitoba. It had previously been known as the Roman Catholic Diocese of Churchill for a short time in 1967 and 1968. It is currently led by Bishop Reynald Rouleau.As of 2004,... Moosonee Roman Catholic Diocese of Moosonee The Roman Catholic Diocese of Moosonee is a Roman Catholic diocese that includes part of the Province of Ontario. It is currently led by Bishop Vincent Cadieux.... Kingston Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kingston The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kingston is a Roman Catholic archdiocese in Canada that includes part of the Province of Ontario and includes the suffragan dioceses of Alexandria-Cornwall, Peterborough, and Sault Sainte Marie.... Alexandria-Cornwall Roman Catholic Diocese of Alexandria-Cornwall The Roman Catholic Diocese of Alexandria–Cornwall is a Roman Catholic diocese that comprises the easternmost part of the Province of Ontario. The diocese was created by Pope Leo XIII on January 23, 1890. It has also previously operated under the name the Roman Catholic Diocese of Alexandria in... Peterborough Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough The Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough is a Roman Catholic diocese that includes part of the Province of Ontario. It was first established July 11, 1882 by Pope Leo XIII and was found through the union of the Vicariate of Northern Canada and the western part of the Diocese of Kingston... Sault Sainte Marie Roman Catholic Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario The Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario was decreed on September 16, 1904 and is formed by the southern portions of the districts of Thunder Bay, Algoma, Sudbury and Nipissing.... Moncton Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Moncton The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Moncton is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes part of the Province of New Brunswick and includes the suffragan dioceses of Bathurst, Edmundston, and Saint John, New Brunswick. It is currently led by Archbishop André Richard.As of 2004, the archdiocese... Bathurst Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (Canada) The Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Moncton. It was renamed on 13 March 1938...  (formerly Diocese of Chatham) Edmundston Roman Catholic Diocese of Edmundston The Roman Catholic Diocese of Edmundston, Canada, is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Moncton.-Ordinaries:*Marie-Antoine Roy, O.F.M. *Joseph-Roméo Gagnon *Fernand Lacroix, C.I.M.... Saint John Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint John, New Brunswick The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint John, New Brunswick is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Moncton. It was renamed on 15 November 1924.-Ordinaries:*William Dollard... Montréal Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montreal The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montréal is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes part of the Province of Quebec. The Archbishop of Montréal is Metropolitan of a province that includes the suffragan dioceses of Joliette, Saint-Jean-Longueuil, Saint-Jérôme, and Valleyfield... Joliette Roman Catholic Diocese of Joliette The Roman Catholic Diocese of Joliette is a suffragan in Joliette of the Archdiocese of Montréal.-Ordinaries:*Joseph Alfred Archambault *Joseph-Guillaume-Laurent Forbes... Saint-Jean-Longueuil Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jean-Longueuil The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jean–Longueuil is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Montréal. It was renamed on 27 February 1982.-Ordinaries:*Paul-Ernest-Anastase Forget... Saint-Jérôme Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jérôme The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jérôme is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Montréal.-Ordinaries:*Émilien Frenette *Bernard Hubert *Charles-Omer Valois - Bishop Emeritus... Valleyfield Roman Catholic Diocese of Valleyfield The Roman Catholic Diocese of Valleyfield is a Catholic diocese in Quebec and a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Montreal. It was erected in 1892.-Ordinaries:*Joseph-Médard Émard *Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau O.P... Ottawa Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ottawa The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ottawa is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes part of the Province of Ontario and includes the suffragan dioceses of Hearst, Pembroke, and the Timmins. It is currently led by Archbishop Terrence Prendergast.... Hearst Roman Catholic Diocese of Hearst The Roman Catholic Diocese of Hearst is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Ottawa... Pembroke Roman Catholic Diocese of Pembroke The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pembroke is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Ottawa. It was elevated as the Diocese of Pembroke on 4 May 1898... Timmins Roman Catholic Diocese of Timmins The Roman Catholic Diocese of Timmins is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Ottawa... Québec Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec The Archdiocese of Québec is the oldest Catholic see in the New World north of Mexico. The archdiocese was founded as the Apostolic Vicariate of New France in 1658 and was elevated to a Diocese in 1674 and an Archdiocese in 1819... Chicoutimi Roman Catholic Diocese of Chicoutimi The Diocese of Chicoutimi is a Roman Catholic diocese in Quebec, centered around the borough of Chicoutimi in the city of Saguenay. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Quebec.-References:... Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière Roman Catholic Diocese of Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Quebec.-Ordinaries:*Bruno Desrochers *Charles Henri Lévesque *André Gaumond... Trois Rivières Roman Catholic Diocese of Trois Rivières The Roman Catholic Diocese of Trois Rivières is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Québec.-Ordinaries:*Thomas Cooke *Louis-François Richer dit Laflèche *François-Xavier Cloutier... Regina Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Regina The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Regina is a Roman Catholic archdiocese comprising the southern part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, as far north as the 30th township, or about 51°30' lat, that includes the suffragan dioceses of Prince-Albert, and Saskatoon... Prince-Albert Saskatoon Roman Catholic Diocese of Saskatoon The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saskatoon is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Regina. Bishop Donald Bolen is currently the Bishop of the diocese.-Ordinaries:*Gerald C. Murray, C.SS.R... Rimouski Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rimouski The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rimouski is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes part of the Province of Quebec and includes the suffragan dioceses of Baie-Comeau, and the Gaspé. It is led by Archbishop Pierre-Andre Fournier.... Baie-Comeau Roman Catholic Diocese of Baie-Comeau The Roman Catholic Diocese of Baie-Comeau is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Rimouski. It was elevated as the Vicariate Apostolic of Golfe St-Laurent on 12 September 1905 and as the Diocese of Golfe St-Laurent on 24 November 1945... Gaspé Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaspé The Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaspé is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Rimouski.-Ordinaries:*François-Xavier Ross *Albini LeBlanc *Paul Bernier *Jean-Marie Fortier... Saint-Boniface Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint-Boniface The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint-Boniface is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes part of the Province of Manitoba. It is currently led by Archbishop Albert LeGatt.... St. John's Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. John's, Newfoundland The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. John's is an archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church based in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.... Grand Falls Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Falls The Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Falls is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Saint John's, Newfoundland. It was renamed as the Diocese of Harbour Grace-Grand Falls on 22 February 1958 then as the Diocese of Grand Falls on 30 Oct 1964... Corner Brook and Labrador Roman Catholic Diocese of Corner Brook and Labrador The Roman Catholic Diocese of Corner Brook and Labrador is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Saint John's, Newfoundland. It was re-erected as an apostolic vicariate on 28 April 1892 and as the Diocese of Saint George's on 18 February 1904... Sherbrooke Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sherbrooke The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sherbrooke is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes part of the Province of Quebec and includes the suffragan dioceses of Nicolet and Saint-Hyacinthe. It is currently led by Archbishop André Gaumond.... Nicolet Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicolet The Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicolet is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.The seat of the bishop is the Cathedral of St. Jean-Baptiste, a spectacular building opened in 1963, which seats 1,200 worshippers and features extensive stained glass as well as other artwork... Saint-Hyacinthe Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Hyacinthe The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Hyacinthe is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Sherbrooke.-Ordinaries:*John Charles Prince *Joseph La Rocque *Charles La Rocque *Bl... Toronto Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes part of the Province of Ontario. Its archbishop is also the eccesiatical provincial for the dioceses of Hamilton, London, Saint Catharines, and Thunder Bay. The Archbishop is Thomas Christopher Collins, with... Hamilton Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton, Ontario The Diocese of Hamilton was created on February 29, 1856 by a division of the Archdiocese of Toronto. It remains a suffragan of that archdiocese. The Diocese of Hamilton comprises the counties and regions of Brant, Bruce, Grey, Halton, Waterloo, Wellington, Wentworth, as well as four Townships in... London Saint Catharines Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Catharines The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Catharines is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Toronto.-Ordinaries:* Thomas Joseph McCarthy... Thunder Bay Roman Catholic Diocese of Thunder Bay The Roman Catholic Diocese of Thunder Bay is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Toronto... Vancouver Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes part of the Province of British Columbia. It is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province which includes the suffragan dioceses of Kamloops, Nelson, Prince George, and Victoria... Kamloops Roman Catholic Diocese of Kamloops The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kamloops is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Vancouver. The Diocese of Kamloops is led by Bishop David John James Monroe.-Diocesan demographics:... Nelson Roman Catholic Diocese of Nelson The Roman Catholic Diocese of Nelson is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Vancouver.-Diocesan Demographics:The diocese contains 31 parishes. Serving or retired in the diocese are 28 diocesan priests, 7 religious priests ministering to 75,000 Catholics. It also has 13 religious sisters and... Prince George Roman Catholic Diocese of Prince George The Roman Catholic Diocese of Prince George was created as the Vicariate Apostolic of Prince Rupert on January 14, 1944, when the Vicariate Apostolic of Yukon-Prince Rupert was split. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Vancouver... Victoria Roman Catholic Diocese of Victoria The Diocese of Victoria is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Headquartered in Victoria, the diocese encompasses all of Vancouver Island and several nearby British Columbia islands. A suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Vancouver, the diocese's... Winnipeg Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Winnipeg The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Winnipeg is a Roman Catholic archdiocese that includes part of the Province of Manitoba. It is currently led by Archbishop James Weisgerber... Saint Boniface

There is also a Ukrainianan Greek Catholic

Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church , Ukrainska Hreko-Katolytska Tserkva), is the largest Eastern Rite Catholic sui juris particular church in full communion with the Holy See, and is directly subject to the Pope...

 Archeparchy of Winnipeg, which has suffragan dioceses in Edmonton

Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Edmonton

The Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Edmonton is a Ukrainian Catholic archdiocese that includes part of Canada. On January 26, 2007 Pope Benedict XVI appointed Auxiliary Bishop David Motiuk of the Archeparchy of Winnipeg as head of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Edmonton.As of 2007, the diocese...

, New Westminster

Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of New Westminster

The Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of New Westminster is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic eparchy that includes part of Canada. It is currently led by Bishop Kenneth Nowakowski....

, Saskatoon

Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saskatoon

The Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saskatoon is the Ukrainian Greek Catholic eparchy for the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is one of the suffragan eparchies of the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Winnipeg...

, and Toronto

Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Toronto and Eastern Canada

The Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Toronto and Eastern Canada is a Ukrainian Catholic eparchy that includes part of Canada. The current bishop is Stephen Victor Chmilar....

.

There are also three other eparchies

Eparchy

Eparchy is an anglicized Greek word , authentically Latinized as eparchia and loosely translating as 'rule over something,' like province, prefecture, or territory, to have the jurisdiction over, it has specific meanings both in politics, history and in the hierarchy of the Eastern Christian...

 in Canada:

• The Eparchy of Saint-Maron de Montréal (Maronite)
• The Eparchy of Saint-Sauveur de Montréal (Melkite) and
• The Eparchy of Saints Cyril and Methodius of Toronto (Slovakian)
• Eparchy of Mar Addai of Toronto (Chaldean)

There is also a Military Ordinariate of Canada

Military Ordinariate of Canada

The Military Ordinariate of Canada is a military ordinariate of the Roman Catholic Church. Immediately subject to the Holy See, it provides pastoral care to Roman Catholics serving in the Canadian Forces and their families.-History:...

 for Canadian military personnel.

See also

• List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Canada
• Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops
  Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops
  The Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops is the national assembly of the Bishops of the Catholic Church in Canada. It was founded in 1943 and was officially recognized by the Holy See in 1948. Since the Second Vatican Council, it became part of a worldwide network of Episcopal Conferences,...
  
  
• Catholic Press Association
  Catholic Press Association
  The Catholic Press Association of the United States and Canada is an association of newspaper and media specialists specialized on reporting on the Roman Catholic Church. Founded in 1911, it has over 600 member organizations...
  
   of the United States and Canada
• Roman Catholic saints of Canada
  Roman Catholic saints of Canada
  Historically, it was a French priest who accompanied the great explorer Jacques Cartier who said the first ever recorded Holy Mass on Canadian soil on July 7, 1534, on the shores of the Gaspé Peninsula. It is followed by deliberate conversion of the First Nations into the fold of Catholicism...