Robert T. Hill
Encyclopedia
Robert Thomas Hill was a significant figure in the development of American geology during the late nineteenth century and in the early part of the twentieth century. As a pioneer Texas geologist, Hill discovered and named the Comanche Series of the Lower Cretaceous
, and was a lifelong student of the structure and stratigraphy
of the Cretaceous
deposits of Central Texas and neighboring regions.
Robert Thomas Hill was born on 11 August 1858 in Nashville, Tennessee
. He was orphaned at the age of five during the American Civil War
and then raised in the home of his grandmother. In 1874, at the age of 16, Hill boarded a train and traveled to where the tracks ended in East Waco, Texas
. From there he found his way to the frontier town of Comanche, Texas
, located 140 km to the west of Waco where he joined his brother, Joe, the editor of The Comanche Chief newspaper. Robert worked as a printer for the newspaper and performed various other duties including writing, bookbinding, and eventually became co-editor of the paper.
During the summer of 1876, Hill joined a survey crew headed to the rolling plains between the eastern edge of the Llano Estacado
and Fort Griffin, Texas. The work, although somewhat tedious at times, provided an opportunity for Hill to explore the “redbed country” of west-central Texas. This land of reddish brown sediments and rock has been carved by years of erosion leaving behind scenic mesas and buttes that preserve clues to the regions geologic past. In 1877, at the age of 19, Hill accepted an offer to work as a cowboy driving a large herd of cattle from Uvalde, Texas
to Dodge City, Kansas
. The cattle drive
took many months, during which time he learned to live outdoors for extended periods and developed frontier skills that would prove valuable in later years as he worked as a field geologist.
Returning to work again at The Comanche Chief newspaper, Hill began to spend idle time exploring the local terrain. His interest in geology grew as he took special interest in the many flat-topped mesas and buttes in the region. One butte
in particular, named Round Mountain, was located only nine kilometers to the northwest of Comanche and he often climbed to the top to enjoy the view. Although he had little knowledge of geology at this point, he found the fossil
s along its rocky slopes to be fascinating and he began to collect specimens. Hill’s collection of fossils grew and soon cluttered the windowsills and filled the corners of the newspaper office.
Through a friend, Hill obtained a copy of Wilson’s Fifth Reader that contained chapters on various subjects, including a chapter on geology. Hill studied this book and the more he learned the more he wanted to know about geology. He then ordered, through his local drug store, a copy of the Manual of Geology by James Dwight Dana
, one of the leading geologists in North America
. Hill carefully studied this book and attempted to place the local stratigraphy
into Dana’s scheme of classification. It became apparent that he was dealing with rocks and fossils that had not as yet been described by modern science. This discovery propelled Hill into a lifelong interest in the Cretaceous
period – a period when Central Texas was covered by a shallow sea.
At some point Hill recognized that the next logical step in his pursuit of geological knowledge was to attend university and obtain a proper education. Through his newspaper connections, Hill found acceptance at Cornell University
, which allowed students to take a light course load and work their way through school. In February 1882, Hill left Comanche for Ithaca, New York
to study geology at Cornell. From 1882 through 1885 he worked his way through Cornell University, where he received a B.S. degree in geology in 1887.
was founded in 1878 and John Wesley Powell
had become director in 1881. Powell hired Hill in 1885 to work at the National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution
in Washington, D.C.
After a year of being assigned menial tasks such as the preparation of the Survey’s fossil collections, Hill was assigned to a three-month field season in his beloved Texas, a period that would provide an opportunity to revisit the Cretaceous deposits of west-central Texas. He traversed portions of the state underlain by Cretaceous deposits accompanied by William Fletcher Cummins of Dallas, another geologist that would prove to be an influential figure in early Texas geology.
In 1887, Hill published a 95-page report titled The Present Condition of Knowledge of the Geology of Texas. Although this report was primarily prepared as an undergraduate thesis at Cornell University, it was published as a Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey
. Also in 1887, Hill managed to publish a number of important papers in The American Journal of Science
on his findings with regard to the Cretaceous of Texas. Publication of The topography and geology of the Cross Timbers and surrounding regions in Northern Texas, established Hill as the first to recognize the twofold subdivision of the Cretaceous System. The names that he introduced – the Comanche Series applied to the Lower Cretaceous (named after his adopted home town of Comanche, Texas) and the Gulf Series applied to the Upper Cretaceous – remain the standard for stratigraphic nomenclature in the western Gulf Coast region. Throughout the rest of Hill’s professional career he would continue to publish numerous articles focused on various aspects of the Cretaceous Period.
In 1888, Hill was invited to fill a newly formed chair of geology at the University of Texas at Austin
. Here he would have the opportunity to teach the first courses in geology ever offered in the state of Texas and build a geology department in a new but already prestigious university. However, it was not to last as Hill returned to Washington and the United States Geological Survey and began an appointment with the Artesian and Underflow Investigation in 1890.
Hill’s many contributions include the discovery of the western belt of fracture now known as the Texas Lineament, the delineation and naming of the Balcones Fault
zone that forms the Balcones Escarpment
, and the mapping and naming of many of the physiographic provinces of Texas. His stratigraphic studies and investigations of underground and artesian waters led to improvements of vast areas of farm and ranch land and served as the foundation for future petroleum exploration.
In October 1899, Hill led a six man expedition to explore and document the canyons of the Rio Grande
. Traveling in three boats, the expedition took nearly an entire month to travel from Presidio
to Langtry, Texas
. Hill packed photography equipment into the boats, and took a series of photographs, both during and after his river voyage. Two years later, Hill published an article describing his voyage, and describing the Big Bend
region in the colorful language of the period.
Near the turn of the century Hill conducted studies in the West Indies
and the Isthmus of Panama
, areas he considered fundamental to understanding the geological evolution of North America. In 1902, following the eruption of Mont Pelée, Hill joined the relief expedition to Martinique
that sailed on U.S.S. Dixie
. He mapped the destruction area and wrote the first account of the devastating effects of dense, fast-moving clouds of hot gas and rock known as pyroclastic flow
s or nuée ardente, previously unknown to vulcanologists.
In 1921, Hill provided expert testimony in the boundary dispute case between Oklahoma
and Texas
. The decision rendered by the Supreme Court
on January 15, 1923, found in favor of Texas and returned to Texas 450000 acres (1,821.1 km²) of Red River
Valley land that was known to contain significant oil deposits.
Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous or the Lower Cretaceous , is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous...
, and was a lifelong student of the structure and stratigraphy
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, studies rock layers and layering . It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks....
of the Cretaceous
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous , derived from the Latin "creta" , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide , is a geologic period and system from circa to million years ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period of the...
deposits of Central Texas and neighboring regions.
Robert Thomas Hill was born on 11 August 1858 in Nashville, Tennessee
Nashville, Tennessee
Nashville is the capital of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in Davidson County, in the north-central part of the state. The city is a center for the health care, publishing, banking and transportation industries, and is home...
. He was orphaned at the age of five during the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
and then raised in the home of his grandmother. In 1874, at the age of 16, Hill boarded a train and traveled to where the tracks ended in East Waco, Texas
Waco, Texas
Waco is a city in and the county seat of McLennan County, Texas. Situated along the Brazos River and on the I-35 corridor, halfway between Dallas and Austin, it is the economic, cultural, and academic center of the 'Heart of Texas' region....
. From there he found his way to the frontier town of Comanche, Texas
Comanche, Texas
Comanche is a city located in Comanche County in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 4,482 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Comanche County. The town square has been renovated and is becoming a popular tourist attraction. With "Star Beaus" and "karens" on the square and their...
, located 140 km to the west of Waco where he joined his brother, Joe, the editor of The Comanche Chief newspaper. Robert worked as a printer for the newspaper and performed various other duties including writing, bookbinding, and eventually became co-editor of the paper.
During the summer of 1876, Hill joined a survey crew headed to the rolling plains between the eastern edge of the Llano Estacado
Llano Estacado
Llano Estacado , commonly known as the Staked Plains, is a region in the Southwestern United States that encompasses parts of eastern New Mexico and northwestern Texas, including the South Plains and parts of the Texas Panhandle...
and Fort Griffin, Texas. The work, although somewhat tedious at times, provided an opportunity for Hill to explore the “redbed country” of west-central Texas. This land of reddish brown sediments and rock has been carved by years of erosion leaving behind scenic mesas and buttes that preserve clues to the regions geologic past. In 1877, at the age of 19, Hill accepted an offer to work as a cowboy driving a large herd of cattle from Uvalde, Texas
Uvalde, Texas
Uvalde is a city in and the county seat of Uvalde County, Texas, United States. The population was 14,929 at the 2000 census.Uvalde was founded by Reading Wood Black in 1853 as the town of Encina. In 1856, when the county was organized, the town was renamed Uvalde for Spanish governor Juan de...
to Dodge City, Kansas
Dodge City, Kansas
Dodge City is a city in, and the county seat of, Ford County, Kansas, United States. Named after nearby Fort Dodge, the city is famous in American culture for its history as a wild frontier town of the Old West. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 27,340.-History:The first settlement of...
. The cattle drive
Cattle drive
For the 1951 film, see Cattle Drive .A cattle drive is the process of moving a herd of cattle from one place to another, usually moved and herded by cowboys on horses.-Australia:Australia is noted for long drives...
took many months, during which time he learned to live outdoors for extended periods and developed frontier skills that would prove valuable in later years as he worked as a field geologist.
Returning to work again at The Comanche Chief newspaper, Hill began to spend idle time exploring the local terrain. His interest in geology grew as he took special interest in the many flat-topped mesas and buttes in the region. One butte
Butte
A butte is a conspicuous isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; it is smaller than mesas, plateaus, and table landform tables. In some regions, such as the north central and northwestern United States, the word is used for any hill...
in particular, named Round Mountain, was located only nine kilometers to the northwest of Comanche and he often climbed to the top to enjoy the view. Although he had little knowledge of geology at this point, he found the fossil
Fossil
Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past...
s along its rocky slopes to be fascinating and he began to collect specimens. Hill’s collection of fossils grew and soon cluttered the windowsills and filled the corners of the newspaper office.
Through a friend, Hill obtained a copy of Wilson’s Fifth Reader that contained chapters on various subjects, including a chapter on geology. Hill studied this book and the more he learned the more he wanted to know about geology. He then ordered, through his local drug store, a copy of the Manual of Geology by James Dwight Dana
James Dwight Dana
James Dwight Dana was an American geologist, mineralogist and zoologist. He made pioneering studies of mountain-building, volcanic activity, and the origin and structure of continents and oceans around the world.-Early life and career:...
, one of the leading geologists in North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
. Hill carefully studied this book and attempted to place the local stratigraphy
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, studies rock layers and layering . It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks....
into Dana’s scheme of classification. It became apparent that he was dealing with rocks and fossils that had not as yet been described by modern science. This discovery propelled Hill into a lifelong interest in the Cretaceous
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous , derived from the Latin "creta" , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide , is a geologic period and system from circa to million years ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period of the...
period – a period when Central Texas was covered by a shallow sea.
At some point Hill recognized that the next logical step in his pursuit of geological knowledge was to attend university and obtain a proper education. Through his newspaper connections, Hill found acceptance at Cornell University
Cornell University
Cornell University is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York, United States. It is a private land-grant university, receiving annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions...
, which allowed students to take a light course load and work their way through school. In February 1882, Hill left Comanche for Ithaca, New York
Ithaca, New York
The city of Ithaca, is a city in upstate New York and the county seat of Tompkins County, as well as the largest community in the Ithaca-Tompkins County metropolitan area...
to study geology at Cornell. From 1882 through 1885 he worked his way through Cornell University, where he received a B.S. degree in geology in 1887.
Scientific career
The 1880s were a good time for graduating geologists in the United States. There was a great deal of interest in the American West and there was a need for trained geologists. The United States Geological SurveyUnited States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines, concerning biology,...
was founded in 1878 and John Wesley Powell
John Wesley Powell
John Wesley Powell was a U.S. soldier, geologist, explorer of the American West, and director of major scientific and cultural institutions...
had become director in 1881. Powell hired Hill in 1885 to work at the National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution
Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution is an educational and research institute and associated museum complex, administered and funded by the government of the United States and by funds from its endowment, contributions, and profits from its retail operations, concessions, licensing activities, and magazines...
in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
After a year of being assigned menial tasks such as the preparation of the Survey’s fossil collections, Hill was assigned to a three-month field season in his beloved Texas, a period that would provide an opportunity to revisit the Cretaceous deposits of west-central Texas. He traversed portions of the state underlain by Cretaceous deposits accompanied by William Fletcher Cummins of Dallas, another geologist that would prove to be an influential figure in early Texas geology.
In 1887, Hill published a 95-page report titled The Present Condition of Knowledge of the Geology of Texas. Although this report was primarily prepared as an undergraduate thesis at Cornell University, it was published as a Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey
United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines, concerning biology,...
. Also in 1887, Hill managed to publish a number of important papers in The American Journal of Science
American Journal of Science
The American Journal of Science is the United States of America's longest-running scientific journal, having been published continuously since its conception in 1818 by Professor Benjamin Silliman, who edited and financed it himself...
on his findings with regard to the Cretaceous of Texas. Publication of The topography and geology of the Cross Timbers and surrounding regions in Northern Texas, established Hill as the first to recognize the twofold subdivision of the Cretaceous System. The names that he introduced – the Comanche Series applied to the Lower Cretaceous (named after his adopted home town of Comanche, Texas) and the Gulf Series applied to the Upper Cretaceous – remain the standard for stratigraphic nomenclature in the western Gulf Coast region. Throughout the rest of Hill’s professional career he would continue to publish numerous articles focused on various aspects of the Cretaceous Period.
In 1888, Hill was invited to fill a newly formed chair of geology at the University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
The University of Texas at Austin is a state research university located in Austin, Texas, USA, and is the flagship institution of the The University of Texas System. Founded in 1883, its campus is located approximately from the Texas State Capitol in Austin...
. Here he would have the opportunity to teach the first courses in geology ever offered in the state of Texas and build a geology department in a new but already prestigious university. However, it was not to last as Hill returned to Washington and the United States Geological Survey and began an appointment with the Artesian and Underflow Investigation in 1890.
Hill’s many contributions include the discovery of the western belt of fracture now known as the Texas Lineament, the delineation and naming of the Balcones Fault
Balcones Fault
The Balcones Fault Zone is a tensional structural system in Texas that runs approximately from the southwest part of the state near Del Rio to the north central region near Waco along Interstate 35. The Balcones Fault zone is made up of many smaller features, including normal faults, grabens, and...
zone that forms the Balcones Escarpment
Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that occurs from erosion or faulting and separates two relatively level areas of differing elevations.-Description and variants:...
, and the mapping and naming of many of the physiographic provinces of Texas. His stratigraphic studies and investigations of underground and artesian waters led to improvements of vast areas of farm and ranch land and served as the foundation for future petroleum exploration.
In October 1899, Hill led a six man expedition to explore and document the canyons of the Rio Grande
Rio Grande
The Rio Grande is a river that flows from southwestern Colorado in the United States to the Gulf of Mexico. Along the way it forms part of the Mexico – United States border. Its length varies as its course changes...
. Traveling in three boats, the expedition took nearly an entire month to travel from Presidio
Presidio, Texas
Presidio is a city in Presidio County, Texas, United States. It stands on the Rio Grande , on the opposite side of the U.S.-Mexico border from Ojinaga, Chihuahua. The population was 4,167 at the 2000 census....
to Langtry, Texas
Langtry, Texas
Langtry is an unincorporated community in Val Verde County, Texas, United States. The community is notable as the place where "Judge" Roy Bean, the "Law West of the Pecos", had his saloon and practiced a kind of law.-History:...
. Hill packed photography equipment into the boats, and took a series of photographs, both during and after his river voyage. Two years later, Hill published an article describing his voyage, and describing the Big Bend
Big Bend National Park
Big Bend National Park is a national park located in the U.S. state of Texas. Big Bend has national significance as the largest protected area of Chihuahuan Desert topography and ecology in the United States, which includes more than 1,200 species of plants, more than 450 species of birds, 56...
region in the colorful language of the period.
Near the turn of the century Hill conducted studies in the West Indies
Caribbean
The Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...
and the Isthmus of Panama
Isthmus of Panama
The Isthmus of Panama, also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien, is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America. It contains the country of Panama and the Panama Canal...
, areas he considered fundamental to understanding the geological evolution of North America. In 1902, following the eruption of Mont Pelée, Hill joined the relief expedition to Martinique
Martinique
Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of . Like Guadeloupe, it is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia, and to the southeast Barbados...
that sailed on U.S.S. Dixie
USS Dixie (1893)
The first USS Dixie was a United States Navy auxiliary cruiser and later a destroyer tender. The Dixie was the first ship of the United States Navy to have this name....
. He mapped the destruction area and wrote the first account of the devastating effects of dense, fast-moving clouds of hot gas and rock known as pyroclastic flow
Pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of superheated gas and rock , which reaches speeds moving away from a volcano of up to 700 km/h . The flows normally hug the ground and travel downhill, or spread laterally under gravity...
s or nuée ardente, previously unknown to vulcanologists.
In 1921, Hill provided expert testimony in the boundary dispute case between Oklahoma
Oklahoma
Oklahoma is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,751,351 residents as of the 2010 census and a land area of 68,667 square miles , Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state...
and Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...
. The decision rendered by the Supreme Court
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all state and federal courts, and original jurisdiction over a small range of cases...
on January 15, 1923, found in favor of Texas and returned to Texas 450000 acres (1,821.1 km²) of Red River
Red River (Mississippi watershed)
The Red River, or sometimes the Red River of the South, is a major tributary of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers in the southern United States of America. The river gains its name from the red-bed country of its watershed. It is one of several rivers with that name...
Valley land that was known to contain significant oil deposits.
List of Publications
- Hill, R.T. 1887. The Texas section of the American Cretaceous. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 34(202):287-309.
- Hill, R.T. 1887. The topography and geology of the Cross Timbers and surrounding regions in Northern Texas. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 33:291-303.
- Hill, R.T. 1887. A partial report on the geology of western Texas. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 33:73-75.
- Hill, R.T. 1887. Corruption of American geographic names. Science 10(41):143.
- Hill, R.T. 1887. The present condition of knowledge of the geology of Texas. United States Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 45, 95 pp.
- Hill, R.T. 1888. Neozoic geology of southwestern Arkansas. Arkansas Geological Survey, Report for 1888, vol. 2, pp. 1-200, map, Little Rock,.
- Hill, R.T. 1888. Notes on the geology of western Texas. Texas Geological and Scientific Bulletin, vol 1, No. 6.
- Hill, R.T. 1888. Notes on provident institutions in Arkansas, Tennessee, and Texas. Journal of Social Science 25:152-157.
- Hill, R.T. 1888. Ueber eine durch die Haüfigkeit hippuritenartiger Chamiden ausgezeichnete Fauna der oberturonen Kreide von Texas; von Ferdinand Roemer in Breslau. Aus den paläontologischen Abhandlungen von Dames und Kayser, viertes Band, Heft 4, Berlin, 1888, 15 pp. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 37:318-319.
- Hill, R.T. 1888. The Trinity formation of Arkansas, Indian Territory, and Texas. Science 11:21.
- Hill, R.T. 1889. A portion of the geologic story of the Colorado River of Texas. The American Geologist 3(5):287-299.
- Hill, R.T. 1889. The foraminiferal origin of certain Cretaceous limestones and the sequence of sediments in North American Cretaceous. The American Geologist 4:174-177.
- Hill, R.T. 1889. Events in North American Cretaceous history illustrated in the Arkansas-Texas division of the southwestern region of the United States. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 37(220):282-290.
- Hill, R.T. and Penrose, R.A.F., Jr. 1889. Relation of the uppermost Cretaceous beds of eastern and southern United States and the Tertiary-Cretaceous history of Arkansas and Texas. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 38(228):468-473.
- Hill, R.T. 1889. The Permian rocks of Texas. Science 13:92.
- Hill, R.T. 1889. A preliminary annotated check list of the Cretaceous fossils of Texas, accompanied by a short description of the lithology and stratigraphy of the system. Texas Geol. Surv., Bull. No. 4, 57 pp.
- Hill, R.T. 1889. Roads and materials for their construction in the Black Prairie region of Texas. University of Texas Bulletin no. 53, 39 pp.
- Hill, R.T. 1889. Paleontology of the Cretaceous formations of Texas, part 1, University of Texas, School of Geology, 5 pages, 3 plates, Austin.
- Hill, R.T. 1890. Classification and origin of the chief geographic features of the Texas region. The American Geologist 5(1):9-29; (2):68-80.
- Hill, R.T. 1890. Exploration of the Indian Territory and the medial third of Red River. The American Geologist 6:252-253.
- Hill, R.T. 1890. The Texas Cretaceous. The American Geologist 6:253-254. (3/8 p.)
- Hill, R.T. 1890. Pilot Knob. A marine Cretaceous volcano. The American Geologist 6:286-292.
- Hill, R.T. 1890. Occurrence of Goniolina in the Comanche series of the Texas Cretaceous. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 40(235):64-65.
- Hill, R.T. 1890. A brief description of the Cretaceous rocks of Texas and their economic uses, based principally upon a preliminary section along the Colorado River from near Smithwick Mills, Burnet County, to Webberville, Travis County. In: Dumble, E.T. (ed.), First Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Texas, 1889. Austin: State Printing Office, pp. 103-144.
- Hill, R.T. 1891. Notes on the geology of the southwest. The American Geologist 7(6):366-370.
- Hill, R.T. 1891. Contributions to the geology of the Southwest. The American Geologist 7:119-122.
- Hill, R.T. 1891. Notes on the geology of the Southwest. The American Geologist 7:254-255, 366-370.
- Hill, R.T. 1891. Preliminary notes on the topography and geology of northern New Mexico and southwestern Texas and New Mexico. The American Geologist 8:133-141.
- Hill, R.T. 1891. Notes on a reconnaissance of the Ouachita Mountain system in Indian Territory. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 42(248):111-124.
- Hill, R.T. 1891. The Comanche series of the Texas-Arkansas region. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 2:503-528.
- Hill, R.T. 1892. Geologic evolution of the non-mountainous topography of the Texas region. An introduction to the study of the Great Plains. The American Geologist 10(2):105-115.
- Hill, R.T. 1892. The deep artesian boring at Galveston, Texas. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 44:406-409.
- Hill, R.T. 1892. Notes on the Texas-New Mexican region. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 3:85-100.
- Hill, R.T. 1892. On the occurrence of artesian and other underground waters in Texas, New Mexico, and Indian Territory, together with the geology and geography of those regions. Final Reports of the Artesian and Underflow Investigations of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, 166 pp.
- Hill, R.T. 1892. Do we teach geology? The Popular Science Monthly 40:41-43.
- Hill, R.T. 1893. The occurrence of Hematite and Martite iron ores in Mexico. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 45(266):111-119.
- Hill, R.T. 1893. The Cretaceous formations of Mexico and their relations to North American geographic development. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 45(268):307-324.
- Hill, R.T. 1893. Clay materials of the United States. In: Day, D.T. (ed.), Mineral Resources of the United States, calendar year 1891. United States Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, pp. 474-528.
- Hill, R.T. 1893. Mexico as an iron-producing country. Engineering Magazine 4:744-753.
- Hill, R.T. 1893. Artesian waters in the arid region. The Popular Science Monthly 42:599-611.
- Hill, R.T. 1893. Paleontology of the Cretaceous formations of Texas – The invertebrate paleontology of the Trinity Division. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 8:9-40.
- Hill, R.T. 1893. The paleontology of the Cretaceous formations of Texas – The invertebrate fossils of the Caprina limestone beds. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 8:97-108.
- Hill, R.T. 1893. Tucumcari. Science 22(545):23-25.
- Hill, R.T. 1894. Notes on the Tertiary and later history of the Island of Cuba. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 48(285):196-212.
- Hill, R.T. 1894. Geology of parts of Texas, Indian Territory and Arkansas adjacent to Red River. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 5:297-338.
- Hill, R.T. 1895. Discovery of a dicotyledonous flora in the Cheyenne sandstone. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 49:473.
- Hill, R.T. 1895. Notes on the geology of Cuba. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 16(15):243-288.
- Hill, R.T. 1895. On outlying areas of the Comanche series in Kansas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, 50:205-234.
- Hill, R.T. 1895. The radiolarian earths of Cuba. Science NS 2(45):628-629.
- Hill, R.T. 1896. The Panama Canal route. The National Geographic Magazine 7(2):59-64.
- Hill, R.T. 1896. Fundamental geographic relations of the three Americas. The National Geographic Magazine 7(5):175-181.
- Hill, R.T. 1896. Descriptive topographic terms of Spanish America. The National Geographic Magazine 7(9):291-302.
- Hill, R.T. 1896. A question of classification. Science NS 4(103):918-922.
- Hill, R.T. 1897. Memoir of Robert Hay. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 8:370-374.
- Hill, R.T. 1897. The alleged Jurassic of Texas. The American Journal of Science, 4th Series, 4:449-469.
- Hill, R.T. 1897. The easternmost volcanoes of the United States. Science NS 6(146):594-595.
- Hill, R.T. 1898. The geological history of the Isthmus of Panama and portions of Costa Rica. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 28(5):149-285.
- Hill, R.T. 1898. The stratigraphic succession in Jamaica. Report of the Sixty-Seventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held at Toronto in August 1897, p. 642.
- Hill, R.T. and Vaughn, T.W. 1898. Description of the Nueces Quadrangle. United States Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Geological Atlas of the United States, Nueces Folio 42.
- Hill, R.T. and Vaughn, T.W. 1898. Geology of the Edwards Plateau and Rio Grande Plain adjacent to Austin and San Antonio, Texas, with reference to the occurrences of underground waters. In: Eighteenth Annual Report of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey for the year 1896-1897, Part II, pp. 193-321.
- Hill, R.T. 1898. Cuba. The National Geographic Magazine 9(5):193-242.
- Hill, R.T. 1898. Cuba and Porto Rico with Other Islands of the West Indies. New York: The Century, 430 pp.
- Hill, R.T. 1898. Cuba, and its value as a colony. The Forum 25:403-415.
- Hill, R.T. and Vaughn, T.W. 1898. The Lower Cretaceous Gryphæas of the Texas Region. United States Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 151, 66 pp.
- Hill, R.T. 1899. The geology and physical geography of Jamaica: Study of a type of Antillean development. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, Vol. 34, 256 pp.
- Hill, R.T. 1899. The commercial relations of the United States with the Far East. In: The Foreign Policy of the United States: Political and Commercial, Supplement to the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, pp. 131-143.
- Hill, R.T. 1899. Mineral resources of Porto Rico. In: Twentieth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1898-99, pp. 771-778.
- Hill, R.T. 1899. Porto Rico. The National Geographic Magazine 10:93-112.
- Hill, R.T. 1899. A sketch of the geology of Jamaica. The Scottish Geographical Magazine 15(12):628-639.
- Hill, R.T. 1899. Notes on the Forest Conditions of Porto Rico. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry, Bulletin 25, 48 pp.
- Hill, R.T. 1900. The great Chisos rift along the canyons of the Rio Grande. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Forty-Ninth Meeting, held at New York, N.Y., June 1900, p. 189. (Also in Science NS 12(313), p. 991)
- Hill, R.T. 1900. Topographic atlas of the United States: Physical geography of the Texas region. United States Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Folio 3, 12 pp.
- Hill, R.T. 1901. Running the cañons of the Rio Grande. The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 61:371-387.
- Hill, R.T. 1901. The broken necklace. A lesson in the government of distant colonies. The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 62:53-59.
- Hill, R.T. 1901. Geographic and geologic features of Mexico. The Engineering and Mining Journal 72:501-564.
- Hill, R.T. 1901. The coast prairie of Texas. Science NS 14(348):326-328.
- Hill, R.T. 1901. Geography and geology of the Black and Grand prairies, Texas with detailed descriptions of the Cretaceous formations and special reference to artesian waters. Twenty-First Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1899-1900, Part VII - Texas, 666 pp.
- Hill, R.T. 1902. The volcano systems of the western hemisphere. Several groups of active volcanoes. The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 64:473-483.
- Hill, R.T. 1902. A study of Pelée. Impressions and conclusions of a trip to Martinique. The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 64:764-785.
- Hill, R.T. 1902. The upland placers of La Ciénega, Sonora, Mexico. The Engineering and Mining Journal 73:132-134.
- Hill, R.T. 1902. The cinnabar deposits of the Big Bend province of Texas. The Engineering and Mining Journal 74:305-307.
- Hill, R.T. 1902. On the volcanic disturbances in the West Indies. The National Geographic Magazine 13(7):223-267.
- Hill, R.T. 1902. The geographic and geologic features, and their relation to the mineral products, of Mexico. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers (1901) 32:163-178.
- Hill, R.T. and Vaughan, T.W. 1902. Austin folio, Texas. United States Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Geological Atlas of the United States, Folio 76.
- Hill, R.T. 1903. The Santa Eulalia District, Mexico. Engineering and Mining Journal 76:158-160.
- Hill, R.T. 1903. The ore deposits of Cananea [Mexico]. The Engineering and Mining Journal 76:421.
- Hill, R.T. 1903. Cananea revisited [Mexico]. The Engineering and Mining Journal 76:1000-1001.
- Hill, R.T. 1903. The Beaumont Oil-Field, with notes on other oil-fields of the Texas region. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers (1902) 33:363-405.
- Hill, R.T. 1904. The Guanajuato mining district [Mexico]. The Engineering and Mining Journal 77:599-601, 642-644.
- Hill, R.T. 1904. The destruction of St. Pierre (A.D. 1902). In: Singleton, E. (ed.), The World's Great Events, New York: P.F. Collier, Vol. 5, pp. 2413-2425.
- Hill, R.T. 1905. Pelée and the evolution of the windward Archipelago. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 16:243-288.
- Hill, R.T. 1905. Enrichment in fissure veins. The Engineering and Mining Journal 80:645-646.
- Hill, R.T. 1905. The physical geography of Mexico – an introduction to the social, political, and economic geography of the republic. In: Report of the Eighth International Geographic Congress, held in the United States, 1904, pp. 765-766.
- Hill, R.T. 1905. Physical history of the windward islands as illustrated in the larger story of Pelée – a study of volcanic and oceanic geography. In: Report of the Eighth International Geographic Congress, held in the United States, 1904. pp. 244-245.
- Hill, R.T. 1906. Geologic and geographic aspects of Mexico. The Mining World 25:370-372, 459, 540-541, 596.
- Hill, R.T. 1906. On the origin of the small mounds of the lower Mississippi Valley and Texas. Science NS 23(589):704-706.
- Hill, R.T. 1907. Peculiar formations of the Mexican arid region. Engineering and Mining Journal 83(14):662-666.
- Hill, R.T. 1907. Characteristics of some Mexican mining regions. Engineering and Mining Journal 84:631-636.
- Hill, R.T. 1907. Geologic and geographic aspects of Mexico. The Mining World 26:69, 187; 27:589-591, 633-634, 805.
- Hill, R.T. 1907. Mexico: Its geology and natural resources. The Mining World 27:686-691.
- Hill, R.T. 1907. Geology of the Sierra Almoloya, with notes on the tectonic history of the Mexican Plateau. Science NS 25(644):710-712.
- Hill, R.T. 1908. Growth and decay of the Mexican plateau. Engineering and Mining Journal 85(14):681-688.
- Hill, R.T. 1908. The goldfield type of ore occurrence. Engineering and Mining Journal 86:1096-1099.
- Hill, R.T. 1908. A scientific search for a new goldfield. Engineering and Mining Journal 86:1157-1160.
- Hill, R.T. 1908. Camp Alunite, a new Nevada gold district. Engineering and Mining Journal 86:1203-1206.
- Hill, R.T. 1920. Cuba. In: Mill, H.R. (ed.), The International Geography, New York: D. Appleton, pp. 793-798.
- Hill, R.T. 1920. Porto Rico. In: Mill, H.R. (ed.), The International Geography, New York: D. Appleton, pp. 798-801.
- Hill, R.T. 1921. Two limestone formations of the Cretaceous of Texas which transgress time diagonally. Science NS 53(1365):190-191.
- Sellards, E.H., Tharp, B.C. and Hill, R.T. 1923. Investigations of the Red River made in connection with the Oklahoma-Texas boundary suit. In: University of Texas, Bulletin 2327, pp. 37-59.
- Hill, R.T. 1928. Southern California geology and Los Angeles earthquakes. Los Angeles: Southern California Academy of Sciences, 232 pp.
- Hill, R.T. 1929. Classification of the Pleistocene of California. Science NS 69(1788):379-380.