Projection
Encyclopedia
Projection, projector, or projective may refer to:
- The display of an image by devices such as:
- Movie projectorMovie projectorA movie projector is an opto-mechanical device for displaying moving pictures by projecting them on a projection screen. Most of the optical and mechanical elements, except for the illumination and sound devices, are present in movie cameras.-Physiology:...
- Video projectorVideo projectorA video projector is an image projector that receives a video signal and projects the corresponding image on a projection screen using a lens system. All video projectors use a very bright light to project the image, and most modern ones can correct any curves, blurriness, and other...
- Overhead projectorOverhead projectorAn overhead projector is a variant of slide projector that is used to display images to an audience.-Mechanism:An overhead projector typically consists of a large box containing a very bright lamp and a fan to cool it. On top of the box is a large fresnel lens that collimates the light...
- Slide projectorSlide projectorA slide projector is an opto-mechanical device to view photographic slides. Slide projectors were common in the 1950s to the 1970s as a form of entertainment; family members and friends would gather to view slide shows...
- Camera obscuraCamera obscuraThe camera obscura is an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings on a screen. It is used in drawing and for entertainment, and was one of the inventions that led to photography. The device consists of a box or room with a hole in one side...
- Projection screenProjection screenA projection screen is an installation consisting of a surface and a support structure used for displaying a projected image for the view of an audience. Projection screens may be permanently installed, as in a movie theater; painted on the wall; or semi-permanent or mobile, as in a conference room...
- Movie projector
- Map projectionMap projectionA map projection is any method of representing the surface of a sphere or other three-dimensional body on a plane. Map projections are necessary for creating maps. All map projections distort the surface in some fashion...
, reduces a three-dimensional planet to a flat map (geography) - Graphical projectionGraphical projectionGraphical projection is a protocol by which an image of a three-dimensional object is projected onto a planar surface without the aid of mathematical calculation, used in technical drawing.- Overview :...
, the production of a two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional object- Parallel projectionParallel projectionParallel projections have lines of projection that are parallel both in reality and in the projection plane.Parallel projection corresponds to a perspective projection with an infinite focal length , or "zoom".Within parallel projection there is an ancillary category known as "pictorials"...
- Orthographic projectionOrthographic projectionOrthographic projection is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface...
, including:- Plan, or floor planFloor planIn architecture and building engineering, a floor plan, or floorplan, is a diagram, usually to scale, showing a view from above of the relationships between rooms, spaces and other physical features at one level of a structure....
view - Elevation, usually a side view of an exterior
- SectionCross section (geometry)In geometry, a cross-section is the intersection of a figure in 2-dimensional space with a line, or of a body in 3-dimensional space with a plane, etc...
, a view of the interior at a particular cutting plane
- Plan, or floor plan
- Axonometric projectionAxonometric projectionAxonometric projection is a type of parallel projection, more specifically a type of orthographic projection, used to create a pictorial drawing of an object, where the object is rotated along one or more of its axes relative to the plane of projection....
, including:- Isometric projectionIsometric projectionIsometric projection is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions in technical and engineering drawings...
- Dimetric projection
- Trimetric projection
- Isometric projection
- Oblique projectionOblique projectionOblique projection is a simple type of graphical projection used for producing pictorial, two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects.- Overview :Oblique projection is a type of parallel projection:...
, including:- Cabinet projection
- Cavalier projection
- Orthographic projection
- Perspective projection
- Parallel projection
Mathematics
- Projection (mathematics)Projection (mathematics)Generally speaking, in mathematics, a projection is a mapping of a set which is idempotent, which means that a projection is equal to its composition with itself. A projection may also refer to a mapping which has a left inverse. Bot notions are strongly related, as follows...
, any of several different types of functions, mappings, operations, or transformations- 3D projection3D projection3D projection is any method of mapping three-dimensional points to a two-dimensional plane. As most current methods for displaying graphical data are based on planar two-dimensional media, the use of this type of projection is widespread, especially in computer graphics, engineering and drafting.-...
- Projection (relational algebra)
- Projection (linear algebra)Projection (linear algebra)In linear algebra and functional analysis, a projection is a linear transformation P from a vector space to itself such that P2 = P. It leaves its image unchanged....
- Vector projection
- Projection method (fluid dynamics)Projection method (fluid dynamics)The projection method is an effective means of numerically solving time-dependent incompressible fluid-flow problems. It was originally introduced by Alexandre Chorin in 1967 and independently by Roger Temam as an efficient means of solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations...
- Projection (set theory)
- Projective geometryProjective geometryIn mathematics, projective geometry is the study of geometric properties that are invariant under projective transformations. This means that, compared to elementary geometry, projective geometry has a different setting, projective space, and a selective set of basic geometric concepts...
is a non-Euclidean geometry that involves projective spaces. In another direction, projective moduleProjective moduleIn mathematics, particularly in abstract algebra and homological algebra, the concept of projective module over a ring R is a more flexible generalisation of the idea of a free module...
s and projective objects generalize free modules
- 3D projection
Other
- Projection (alchemy)Projection (alchemy)Projection was the ultimate goal of Western alchemy. Once the Philosopher's stone or powder of projection had been created, the process of Projection would be used to transmute a lesser substance into a higher form, often lead into gold....
, process in Alchemy - Military power projection, the capacity of a state to implement policy by means of force, or the threat thereof, in an area distant from its own territory
- Psychological projectionPsychological projectionPsychological projection or projection bias is a psychological defense mechanism where a person subconsciously denies his or her own attributes, thoughts, and emotions, which are then ascribed to the outside world, usually to other people...
, or "Freudian projection," a defense mechanism in which one attributes to others one’s own unacceptable or unwanted attributes, thoughts, or emotions - Projection fibersProjection fibersThe projection fibers consist of efferent and afferent fibers uniting the cortex with the lower parts of the brain and with the spinal cord.-Efferent:The principal efferent strands are:...
, in neuroscience, white matter fibers that connect the cortex to the lower parts of the brain or the spinal cord. - "Projections" (Voyager episode), an episode of the television series Star Trek: Voyager
- A forecastingForecastingForecasting is the process of making statements about events whose actual outcomes have not yet been observed. A commonplace example might be estimation for some variable of interest at some specified future date. Prediction is a similar, but more general term...
of future developments based on current statistics and trends
See also
- Project (disambiguation)Project (disambiguation)Project may refer to:* Project, a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service* In architecture, a "project" refers to a planned but never-built building* Public housing, often referred to as housing projects in the United States...
- Projection effect (disambiguation)
- Psychological ProjectionPsychological projectionPsychological projection or projection bias is a psychological defense mechanism where a person subconsciously denies his or her own attributes, thoughts, and emotions, which are then ascribed to the outside world, usually to other people...