Police of the Russian Federation
Encyclopedia
The Police is the central law enforcement
body in Russia
, operating under the Ministry of Internal Affairs
. It was established in 2011 instead of militsiya
(militia), the former police service.
The Russian Police operates according to the Law on Police, which has been approved by the Federal Assembly
and subsequently signed into law on February 7, 2011 by President Dmitry Medvedev
.
was established as the Main Police on June 7, 1718 by decree by Peter the Great. Anton de Vieira
was appointed as the first General Polizmeister. On January 19, 1722 the Governing Senate
established the Moscow
Police. The Detective Department was founded in 1866 operating under the Police Department of MVD, and by 1907 similar departments were created in other major cities of the Russian Empire
, including Moscow
, Kiev
, Riga
, Odessa
, Tiflis
, Baku
and Rostov-on-Don
. The Police of Russian Empire was dissolved on March 10, 1917, and on April 17 the Provisional Government
established the People's Militia (Militsiya
) as a new law enforcement body.
on October 27, 2010 as a part of the reforming process of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The State Duma adopted the bill in the final reading on January 28, 2011 by a vote 315–130, receiving support of United Russia
representatives only. The Federation Council
approved it on February 2 by a vote 134–0, with 2 senators abstaining in the vote, including Chairman of the Federation Council Sergey Mironov
. The bill was signed into law by the President on February 7, 2011, taking effect on March 1.
Law enforcement agency
In North American English, a law enforcement agency is a government agency responsible for the enforcement of the laws.Outside North America, such organizations are called police services. In North America, some of these services are called police while others have other names In North American...
body in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, operating under the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs
The Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del is the interior ministry of Russia. Its predecessor was founded in 1802 by Alexander I in Imperial Russia...
. It was established in 2011 instead of militsiya
Militsiya
Militsiya or militia is used as an official name of the civilian police in several former communist states, despite its original military connotation...
(militia), the former police service.
The Russian Police operates according to the Law on Police, which has been approved by the Federal Assembly
Federal Assembly of Russia
The Federal Assembly of Russia is the legislature of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of Russian Federation, 1993...
and subsequently signed into law on February 7, 2011 by President Dmitry Medvedev
Dmitry Medvedev
Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev is the third President of the Russian Federation.Born to a family of academics, Medvedev graduated from the Law Department of Leningrad State University in 1987. He defended his dissertation in 1990 and worked as a docent at his alma mater, now renamed to Saint...
.
History
The police in Saint PetersburgSaint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
was established as the Main Police on June 7, 1718 by decree by Peter the Great. Anton de Vieira
Anton de Vieira
António Manuel de Vieira, known in Russia as Count Anton Manuilovich Devier, Антон Мануилович Девиер , was one of Peter I's foreign associates, who proved to be an efficient administrator in St Petersburg and Siberia....
was appointed as the first General Polizmeister. On January 19, 1722 the Governing Senate
Governing Senate
The Governing Senate was a legislative, judicial, and executive body of Russian Monarchs, instituted by Peter the Great to replace the Boyar Duma and lasted until the very end of the Russian Empire. It was chaired by the Ober-Procurator...
established the Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
Police. The Detective Department was founded in 1866 operating under the Police Department of MVD, and by 1907 similar departments were created in other major cities of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
, including Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
, Riga
Riga
Riga is the capital and largest city of Latvia. With 702,891 inhabitants Riga is the largest city of the Baltic states, one of the largest cities in Northern Europe and home to more than one third of Latvia's population. The city is an important seaport and a major industrial, commercial,...
, Odessa
Odessa
Odessa or Odesa is the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 .The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement,...
, Tiflis
Tbilisi
Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...
, Baku
Baku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
and Rostov-on-Don
Rostov-on-Don
-History:The mouth of the Don River has been of great commercial and cultural importance since the ancient times. It was the site of the Greek colony Tanais, of the Genoese fort Tana, and of the Turkish fortress Azak...
. The Police of Russian Empire was dissolved on March 10, 1917, and on April 17 the Provisional Government
Russian Provisional Government
The Russian Provisional Government was the short-lived administrative body which sought to govern Russia immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II . On September 14, the State Duma of the Russian Empire was officially dissolved by the newly created Directorate, and the country was...
established the People's Militia (Militsiya
Militsiya
Militsiya or militia is used as an official name of the civilian police in several former communist states, despite its original military connotation...
) as a new law enforcement body.
2011 Police reform
The Bill on Police, establishing a new law enforcement agency with the pre-1917 name, was introduced by President Dmitry Medvedev to the State DumaState Duma
The State Duma , common abbreviation: Госду́ма ) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. The Duma headquarters is located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to...
on October 27, 2010 as a part of the reforming process of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The State Duma adopted the bill in the final reading on January 28, 2011 by a vote 315–130, receiving support of United Russia
United Russia
United Russia is a centrist political party in Russia and the largest party in the country, currently holding 315 of the 450 seats in the State Duma. The party was founded in December 2001, through a merger of the Unity and Fatherland-All Russia parties...
representatives only. The Federation Council
Federation Council of Russia
Federation Council of Russia ) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation...
approved it on February 2 by a vote 134–0, with 2 senators abstaining in the vote, including Chairman of the Federation Council Sergey Mironov
Sergey Mironov
Sergey Mikhailovich Mironov , is a former chairman of the Federation Council, the upper house of the Russian parliament and a leading figure in the A Just Russia party.- Biography :...
. The bill was signed into law by the President on February 7, 2011, taking effect on March 1.
Central administration
- Criminal Police Service
- the Criminal Investigations Department
- Main Office for Criminal Investigation
- Main Office for Combating Economic and Tax Crimes
- Main Office for Combating Organized CrimeOrganized crimeOrganized crime or criminal organizations are transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary profit. Some criminal organizations, such as terrorist organizations, are...
- Office for Operational Investigation Information
- Co-ordination Office of Criminal Police Service
- Public Security Service
- The Uniformed Police
- Main Office for Public Order Maintenance
- Main Office of State Road Safety Inspection
- the Highway patrolHighway patrolA highway patrol is either a police unit created primarily for the purpose of overseeing and enforcing traffic safety compliance on roads and highways, or a detail within an existing local or regional police agency that is primarily concerned with such duties.Duties of highway patrols or traffic...
or GAIGAIGAI , short for State Automobile Inspectorate , are the Russian traffic police. They are responsible for the regulation of traffic, investigating traffic accidents, and manning the stop lights. GAI officers are called "GAI inspectors" in Russia...
, DPS
- the Highway patrol
- Main Office of the Interior for Restricted Facilities
- Main Office of Interdepartmental Security GuardSecurity guardA security guard is a person who is paid to protect property, assets, or people. Security guards are usually privately and formally employed personnel...
Service - Co-ordination Office of Public Security Service
- Federal Migration service
- Main Office of the Interior for Transport and Special Transportation
- Office for PassportPassportA passport is a document, issued by a national government, which certifies, for the purpose of international travel, the identity and nationality of its holder. The elements of identity are name, date of birth, sex, and place of birth....
s and VisaVisa (document)A visa is a document showing that a person is authorized to enter the territory for which it was issued, subject to permission of an immigration official at the time of actual entry. The authorization may be a document, but more commonly it is a stamp endorsed in the applicant's passport...
s - Migration Control Office
- External Labour Migration Department
- Legal Office
- Office for Crisis Situations
- Office for Resource Provisions
- Finance and Economy Office
- Logistical Service
- Office for Material and Technical Support
- Finance and Economy Department
- Medical Office
- Office for Communication and Automation
- Office for Capital Construction
- Co-ordination Office of Logistical Service
- General Services Office
- Independent Divisions
- Office of Affairs - the Secretariat
- Main Office for Internal Security -Internal affairs
- Control and Auditing Office
- Internal TroopsInternal TroopsThe Internal Troops, full name Internal Troops of the Ministry for Internal Affairs ; alternatively translated as "Interior " is a paramilitary gendarmerie-like force in the now-defunct Soviet Union and its successor countries, particularly, in Russia, Ukraine, Georgia and Azerbaijan...
General Headquarters - MVD Inquiry Committee
- Forensic Expertise Center
- Main Office for Organization and Inspection
- The MVD Inspector GeneralInspector GeneralAn Inspector General is an investigative official in a civil or military organization. The plural of the term is Inspectors General.-Bangladesh:...
- The MVD Inspector General
- Main Office for Special Technical Actions
- Special operationsSpecial operationsSpecial operations are military operations that are considered "special" .Special operations are typically performed independently or in conjunction with conventional military operations. The primary goal is to achieve a political or military objective where a conventional force requirement does...
- Special operations
- Main Office for (Special) Investigations
- Special branch
- National Central Bureau for InterpolInterpolInterpol, whose full name is the International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL, is an organization facilitating international police cooperation...
- Mobilization Training Office
- Main Center for Information
- Main Legal Office
- Office for International Co-operation
- Office for Information Regional Contacts