PZL
Encyclopedia
PZL was the main Polish
aerospace manufacturer
of the interwar period
, based in Warsaw
, functioning in 1928-1939. The abbreviation was thereafter - from late 1950s - used as an aircraft brand and as a part of names of several Polish state-owned aerospace manufacturers referring to traditions of the PZL, belonging to the Zjednoczenie Przemysłu Lotniczego i Silnikowego PZL - PZL Aircraft and Engine Industry Union. After the fall of communism in Poland in 1989, these manufacturers became separate plants, still sharing the PZL name. In the case of PZL-Mielec
, the abbreviation means Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze - State Aviation Works.
The PZL - Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze (State Aviation Works) was founded in Warsaw in 1928 as a state-owned company, and was based on the earlier CWL (Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze
) - Central Aviation Workshops. First to be produced was a licensed version of a French fighter, the Wibault 70, but from then on the company produced exclusively its own designs. In the next decade Zygmunt Puławski designed a series of high-wing, all-metal modern fighters: PZL P.1
, P.6
, P.7
and P.11
. The last two types were used as basic fighters in the Polish Air Force
from 1933 onwards. The last variant, PZL P.24
, developed after Puławski's death in an air crash, was exported to four countries. PZL also mass-produced a light bomber, PZL.23 Karaś
, and a modern medium bomber, PZL.37 Łoś, as well as building small numbers of sport planes (PZL.5
, PZL.19
, PZL.26
), and liaison aircraft
(PZL Ł.2) and developing prototypes of passenger aircraft. In the late 1930s the company also developed several prototypes of more modern fighters, bombers and a passenger airliner, the PZL.44 Wicher
. However, World War II
prevented such planes from entering production. PZL was the largest Polish pre-war aircraft manufacturer.
In 1934, the main factory in Warsaw was named PZL WP-1 (Wytwórnia Płatowców 1 - Airframe Works 1) in the Okęcie
district of Warsaw
. A new division PZL WP-2 was built in Mielec
in 1938-1939, but production was only just starting there at the outbreak of World War II. An engine factory division, PZL WS-1 in Warsaw-Okęcie (Wytwórnia Silników - Engine Works 1), produced mostly licensed versions of British Bristol engines, such as the Bristol Pegasus and the Bristol Mercury
. The WS-1 factory was formerly Polskie Zakłady Skody, the Polish division of Skoda Works
, and was nationalized and renamed in 1936. In 1937-1939 a new engine division, PZL WS-2, was built in Rzeszów
.
, the Polish aviation industry was completely destroyed. The post-war communist government of Poland wanted to break all connections with pre-war Poland: from the late 1940s the name PZL ceased to be used, and new aerospace factories were named WSK (Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego - Communication Equipment Factory). Under the Soviet-influenced, centrally-planned economy no own designs were produced for a decade, and only in late 1950s, around the end of stalinist
period (1956), did the PZL brand return to designing new aircraft. ZPLiS PZL - Zjednoczenie Przemysłu Lotniczego i Silnikowego PZL - PZL Aircraft and Engine Industry Union, which grouped all state-owned aerospace industry factories, was created but it only enjoyed some economical autonomy from 1973 onwards. It consisted of 19 factories, a research institute, and the Pezetel Foreign Trade Center - CHZ Pezetel, which represented all the Polish aerospace industry abroad ("Pezetel" being the pronunciation of an abbreviation PZL in Polish). Consequently, in the 1970s some WSK factories also introduced the PZL abbreviation to their names. After the fall of communism in Poland in 1989, all manufacturers became separate plants, still sharing the PZL name.
. The factory developed mainly light sports, trainer and utility aircraft. The best known designs are: the PZL-104 Wilga
utility aircraft, which was produced in larger numbers than any other Polish designed plane; and the PZL-106 Kruk agricultural aircraft. During the 1970s the factory adopted the name WSK "PZL Warszawa-Okęcie", which after the fall of the communist system was changed in 1989 to PZL Warszawa-Okęcie. In 2001 the factory was bought by the Spanish company EADS
CASA
and since then has been known as EADS PZL Warszawa-Okęcie SA
.
during the German occupation of Poland. After the war the factory, named first PZL No.1 works, then from 1949 WSK-Mielec, and later WSK "PZL-Mielec", became the biggest post-war Polish aircraft producer. It manufactured mostly licensed Soviet planes, such as the Antonov An-2
transport biplane and jet fighters such as the MiG-15 (as Lim-1 and Lim-2) and MiG-17 (as Lim-5 and Lim-6). It also produced the Polish-designed TS-8 Bies piston trainer and TS-11 Iskra jet trainer, and the PZL M-15 Belphegor the world's only jet agricultural plane. Large numbers of aircraft were exported abroad, mostly to the USSR. From the 1970s onward it produced mostly its own developments of licensed civil aircraft, the best known are the M-18 Dromader agricultural plane, which was exported to numerous countries, and the PZL M-28 Skytruck/Bryza light transport plane. In 1998 the state factory WSK PZL-Mielec went bankrupt and was changed into the state-owned Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Sp.z o.o.
(Polish Aviation Works) (PZL Mielec).
On March 16, 2007, PZL Mielec was purchased by the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, a unit of United Technologies Corporation
(UTX). It still produces M-18 and M-28 aircraft.
, and in 1957 it was renamed to WSK "PZL-Świdnik". Since 1956 it has become one of the world's major helicopter
manufacturers, producing helicopters under Soviet licences, starting from the SM-1 (Mil Mi-1
). Świdnik was the main producer of the Mi-1 and the exclusive producer of the Mil Mi-2
, which was widely-used throughout the world. Since the late 1980s, Świdnik has been producing a Polish-designed medium helicopter PZL W-3 Sokół. It also produces a light helicopter, the PZL SW-4 Puszczyk. After 1991 the state factory became a state-owned corporation (WSK "PZL-Świdnik" SA
). It also produced the SZD-30 Pirat, PW-5 and PW-6 glider
s and cooperates widely with other nations' manufacturers, e.g., in the manufacture of Agusta A109
fuselages.
In early 2010 the factory was acquired by AgustaWestland
.
manufacturer SZD (Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny
- Glider Experimental Works) created in Bielsko-Biała
in 1948 and was renamed to PZL-Bielsko in the 1990s. The main Polish producer of gliders, its products were exported to many countries. However, for most of its history it did not carry PZL name. Currently it is named Allstar PZL Glider Sp.z o.o.
(from 2002).
and the Ivchenko AI-14
) and then jet (the Klimov VK-1
). It also produced Polish piston engines, such as the WN-3, and other equipment. In October 1996 it was renamed WSK "PZL-Kalisz" and became a corporation (SA
).
A date of first prototype flight / serial production start is given ("-" for not flown or not produced aircraft)
----
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
aerospace manufacturer
Aerospace manufacturer
An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft....
of the interwar period
Interwar period
Interwar period can refer to any period between two wars. The Interbellum is understood to be the period between the end of the Great War or First World War and the beginning of the Second World War in Europe....
, based in Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
, functioning in 1928-1939. The abbreviation was thereafter - from late 1950s - used as an aircraft brand and as a part of names of several Polish state-owned aerospace manufacturers referring to traditions of the PZL, belonging to the Zjednoczenie Przemysłu Lotniczego i Silnikowego PZL - PZL Aircraft and Engine Industry Union. After the fall of communism in Poland in 1989, these manufacturers became separate plants, still sharing the PZL name. In the case of PZL-Mielec
PZL-Mielec
PZL Mielec , formerly WSK-Mielec and WSK "PZL-Mielec" is the Polish aerospace manufacturer, based in Mielec...
, the abbreviation means Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze - State Aviation Works.
PZL (1928-1939)
Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze
Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze - Central Aviation Workshops was the Polish state-owned aircraft repair works and manufacturer in Warsaw, active between 1918 and 1928. The workshops were created in November 1918 and located in Warsaw at the fringe of airport in Mokotów at 2a Puławska Street....
) - Central Aviation Workshops. First to be produced was a licensed version of a French fighter, the Wibault 70, but from then on the company produced exclusively its own designs. In the next decade Zygmunt Puławski designed a series of high-wing, all-metal modern fighters: PZL P.1
PZL P.1
-Bibliography:* Cynk, Jerzy B. History of the Polish Air Force 1918-1968. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972. ISBN 0-85045-039-X.* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft, 1893-1939. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4....
, P.6
PZL P.6
-Bibliography:* Cynk, Jerzy B. History of the Polish Air Force 1918-1968. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972. ISBN 0-85045-039-X.* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft, 1893-1939. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4....
, P.7
PZL P.7
-References:NotesBibliography* Cynk, Jerzy B. History of the Polish Air Force 1918-1968. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972.* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft, 1893-1939. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4....
and P.11
PZL P.11
The PZL P.11 was a Polish fighter aircraft, designed in the early 1930s by PZL in Warsaw. It was briefly considered to be the most advanced fighter aircraft design in the world...
. The last two types were used as basic fighters in the Polish Air Force
Polish Air Force
The Polish Air Force is the military Air Force wing of the Polish Armed Forces. Until July 2004 it was officially known as Wojska Lotnicze i Obrony Powietrznej...
from 1933 onwards. The last variant, PZL P.24
PZL P.24
|-References:NotesCitationsBibliography* Axworthy, Mark. Third Axis, Fourth Ally. London: Arms and Armour, 1995. ISBN 1-85409-267-7.* Bernád, Dénes. Rumanian Air Force: The Prime Decade 1938-1947. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc, 1999. ISBN 0-89747-402-3.* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish...
, developed after Puławski's death in an air crash, was exported to four countries. PZL also mass-produced a light bomber, PZL.23 Karaś
PZL.23 Karas
|-Specifications :-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Angelucci, Enzo and Paolo Matricardi. World War II Airplanes . Chicago: Rand McNally, 1978. ISBN 0-52888-170-1....
, and a modern medium bomber, PZL.37 Łoś, as well as building small numbers of sport planes (PZL.5
PZL.5
|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft 1893-1939. London: Putnam, 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4.* Glass, Andrzej. Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 . Warsaw: WKiŁ, 1977 .-External links:**...
, PZL.19
PZL.19
|-References: Glass, Andrzej. Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , pp. 242-244.. Warsaw: WKiŁ, 1977.-See also:...
, PZL.26
PZL.26
|-References:*Andrzej Glass: Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 -See also:...
), and liaison aircraft
Liaison aircraft
A liaison aircraft is a small, usually unarmed aircraft primarily used by military forces for artillery observation or transporting commanders and messages. The concept developed before World War II and included also battlefield reconnaissance, air ambulance, column control, light cargo delivery...
(PZL Ł.2) and developing prototypes of passenger aircraft. In the late 1930s the company also developed several prototypes of more modern fighters, bombers and a passenger airliner, the PZL.44 Wicher
PZL.44 Wicher
-References:*Andrzej Glass. Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 . Warsaw: WKiŁ, 1977 .-See also:...
. However, World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
prevented such planes from entering production. PZL was the largest Polish pre-war aircraft manufacturer.
In 1934, the main factory in Warsaw was named PZL WP-1 (Wytwórnia Płatowców 1 - Airframe Works 1) in the Okęcie
Okecie
Okęcie is the largest neighbourhood of the Włochy district of Warsaw, Poland.It is the location of Warsaw Chopin Airport and the PZL Warszawa-Okęcie aircraft works, and home to the Okęcie Warszawa professional association football club....
district of Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
. A new division PZL WP-2 was built in Mielec
Mielec
Mielec is a city in south-eastern Poland with a population of 60,979 inhabitants, as of June 2009. It is located in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship ; previously it was in Rzeszów Voivodeship...
in 1938-1939, but production was only just starting there at the outbreak of World War II. An engine factory division, PZL WS-1 in Warsaw-Okęcie (Wytwórnia Silników - Engine Works 1), produced mostly licensed versions of British Bristol engines, such as the Bristol Pegasus and the Bristol Mercury
Bristol Mercury
|-See also:-Bibliography:* Bridgman, L, Jane's fighting aircraft of World War II. Crescent. ISBN 0-517-67964-7* Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9...
. The WS-1 factory was formerly Polskie Zakłady Skody, the Polish division of Skoda Works
Škoda Works
Škoda Works was the largest industrial enterprise in Austro-Hungary and later in Czechoslovakia, one of its successor states. It was also one of the largest industrial conglomerates in Europe in the 20th century...
, and was nationalized and renamed in 1936. In 1937-1939 a new engine division, PZL WS-2, was built in Rzeszów
Rzeszów
Rzeszów is a city in southeastern Poland with a population of 179,455 in 2010. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River, in the heartland of the Sandomierska Valley...
.
Situation post-war
During World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the Polish aviation industry was completely destroyed. The post-war communist government of Poland wanted to break all connections with pre-war Poland: from the late 1940s the name PZL ceased to be used, and new aerospace factories were named WSK (Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego - Communication Equipment Factory). Under the Soviet-influenced, centrally-planned economy no own designs were produced for a decade, and only in late 1950s, around the end of stalinist
Stalinism
Stalinism refers to the ideology that Joseph Stalin conceived and implemented in the Soviet Union, and is generally considered a branch of Marxist–Leninist ideology but considered by some historians to be a significant deviation from this philosophy...
period (1956), did the PZL brand return to designing new aircraft. ZPLiS PZL - Zjednoczenie Przemysłu Lotniczego i Silnikowego PZL - PZL Aircraft and Engine Industry Union, which grouped all state-owned aerospace industry factories, was created but it only enjoyed some economical autonomy from 1973 onwards. It consisted of 19 factories, a research institute, and the Pezetel Foreign Trade Center - CHZ Pezetel, which represented all the Polish aerospace industry abroad ("Pezetel" being the pronunciation of an abbreviation PZL in Polish). Consequently, in the 1970s some WSK factories also introduced the PZL abbreviation to their names. After the fall of communism in Poland in 1989, all manufacturers became separate plants, still sharing the PZL name.
PZL "Warszawa-Okęcie"
The main factory PZL WP-1 in Warsaw was destroyed during World War II, mostly during the German evacuation in 1944. In 1946, the CSS construction bureau (Centralne Studium Samolotów - Central Aircraft Studies) was set up there. As the factory was rebuilt, it was renamed in 1950 as the WSK Nr.4, and in 1956 as the WSK-Okęcie. It first produced licensed versions of Soviet planes and planes developed by other Polish companies. From 1958 onwards it started to produce its own designs under the PZL brand, starting with the PZL-101 Gawron, also the PZL MD-12PZL MD-12
The PZL MD-12 was a Polish four-engined short-range passenger and civil utility aircraft of the 1960s, which remained in a prototype stage.-Design and development:...
. The factory developed mainly light sports, trainer and utility aircraft. The best known designs are: the PZL-104 Wilga
PZL-104 Wilga
PZL-104 Wilga is a Polish designed and built short-takeoff-and-landing Civil Aviation utility aircraft manufactured by PZL "Warszawa-Okęcie";...
utility aircraft, which was produced in larger numbers than any other Polish designed plane; and the PZL-106 Kruk agricultural aircraft. During the 1970s the factory adopted the name WSK "PZL Warszawa-Okęcie", which after the fall of the communist system was changed in 1989 to PZL Warszawa-Okęcie. In 2001 the factory was bought by the Spanish company EADS
EADS
The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company N.V. is a global pan-European aerospace and defence corporation and a leading defence and military contractor worldwide...
CASA
Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA
Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA , was a Spanish aircraft manufacturer. It became EADS CASA the Spanish branch of EADS in 1999, but was absorbed by Airbus Military in 2009...
and since then has been known as EADS PZL Warszawa-Okęcie SA
S.A. (corporation)
S.A. designates a particular type of corporation in various countries, mostly those employing the civil law. It originated in Spain during the 16th century. Depending on language, the abbreviation stands for various phrases meaning anonymous society, anonymous company, anonymous partnership, or...
.
WSK PZL-Mielec / PZL Mielec
The PZL WP2 factory in Mielec became a part of HeinkelHeinkel
Heinkel Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Ernst Heinkel. It is noted for producing bomber aircraft for the Luftwaffe in World War II and for important contributions to high-speed flight.-History:...
during the German occupation of Poland. After the war the factory, named first PZL No.1 works, then from 1949 WSK-Mielec, and later WSK "PZL-Mielec", became the biggest post-war Polish aircraft producer. It manufactured mostly licensed Soviet planes, such as the Antonov An-2
Antonov An-2
The Antonov An-2 is a single-engine biplane utility/agricultural aircraft designed in the USSR in 1946...
transport biplane and jet fighters such as the MiG-15 (as Lim-1 and Lim-2) and MiG-17 (as Lim-5 and Lim-6). It also produced the Polish-designed TS-8 Bies piston trainer and TS-11 Iskra jet trainer, and the PZL M-15 Belphegor the world's only jet agricultural plane. Large numbers of aircraft were exported abroad, mostly to the USSR. From the 1970s onward it produced mostly its own developments of licensed civil aircraft, the best known are the M-18 Dromader agricultural plane, which was exported to numerous countries, and the PZL M-28 Skytruck/Bryza light transport plane. In 1998 the state factory WSK PZL-Mielec went bankrupt and was changed into the state-owned Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Sp.z o.o.
Limited liability company
A limited liability company is a flexible form of enterprise that blends elements of partnership and corporate structures. It is a legal form of company that provides limited liability to its owners in the vast majority of United States jurisdictions...
(Polish Aviation Works) (PZL Mielec).
On March 16, 2007, PZL Mielec was purchased by the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, a unit of United Technologies Corporation
United Technologies Corporation
United Technologies Corporation is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in the United Technologies Building in Hartford, Connecticut...
(UTX). It still produces M-18 and M-28 aircraft.
WSK "PZL-Świdnik"
In 1951 a third national aerospace factory, WSK-Świdnik, was built in ŚwidnikSwidnik
Świdnik is a town in eastern Poland with 42,797 inhabitants , situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, very near the city of Lublin. It is the capital of Świdnik County.-History:The village of Świdnik is first mentioned in historical records from 1392...
, and in 1957 it was renamed to WSK "PZL-Świdnik". Since 1956 it has become one of the world's major helicopter
Helicopter
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by one or more engine-driven rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forwards, backwards, and laterally...
manufacturers, producing helicopters under Soviet licences, starting from the SM-1 (Mil Mi-1
Mil Mi-1
The Mil Mi-1 The Mil Mi-1 The Mil Mi-1 ( (USAF/DoD reporting name "Type 32", NATO reporting name "Hare") was a Soviet three- or four-seat light utility helicopter. It was the first Soviet helicopter to enter serial production. It is powered by one 575 hp Ivchenko AI-26V radial. It entered...
). Świdnik was the main producer of the Mi-1 and the exclusive producer of the Mil Mi-2
Mil Mi-2
The Mil Mi-2 is a small, lightly armored transport helicopter that could also provide close air support when armed with 57 mm rockets and a 23 mm cannon.-Design and development:...
, which was widely-used throughout the world. Since the late 1980s, Świdnik has been producing a Polish-designed medium helicopter PZL W-3 Sokół. It also produces a light helicopter, the PZL SW-4 Puszczyk. After 1991 the state factory became a state-owned corporation (WSK "PZL-Świdnik" SA
S.A. (corporation)
S.A. designates a particular type of corporation in various countries, mostly those employing the civil law. It originated in Spain during the 16th century. Depending on language, the abbreviation stands for various phrases meaning anonymous society, anonymous company, anonymous partnership, or...
). It also produced the SZD-30 Pirat, PW-5 and PW-6 glider
Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the sport of gliding. Some gliders, known as motor gliders are used for gliding and soaring as well, but have engines which can, in some cases, be used for take-off or for extending a flight...
s and cooperates widely with other nations' manufacturers, e.g., in the manufacture of Agusta A109
Agusta A109
The AgustaWestland AW109 is a light-weight, twin-engine, eight-seat multi-purpose helicopter built by the Anglo-Italian manufacturer AgustaWestland...
fuselages.
In early 2010 the factory was acquired by AgustaWestland
AgustaWestland
AgustaWestland is an Anglo-Italian helicopter design and manufacturing company. It was formed in July 2000 when Finmeccanica S.p.A. and GKN plc agreed to merge their respective helicopter subsidiaries to form AgustaWestland with Finmeccanica and GKN each holding a 50% share.AgustaWestland is now a...
.
PZL-Bielsko
GliderGlider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the sport of gliding. Some gliders, known as motor gliders are used for gliding and soaring as well, but have engines which can, in some cases, be used for take-off or for extending a flight...
manufacturer SZD (Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny
Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny
Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny , Glider Experimental Works was a glider design and research centre of the Polish aerospace industry after World War II, located in Bielsko-Biała. Through its history it underwent many organizational and name changes, among others in 1946-1948 it was Instytut...
- Glider Experimental Works) created in Bielsko-Biała
Bielsko-Biała
-Economy and Industry:Nowadays Bielsko-Biała is one of the best-developed parts of Poland. It was ranked 2nd best city for business in that country by Forbes. About 5% of people are unemployed . Bielsko-Biała is famous for its textile, machine-building, and especially automotive industry...
in 1948 and was renamed to PZL-Bielsko in the 1990s. The main Polish producer of gliders, its products were exported to many countries. However, for most of its history it did not carry PZL name. Currently it is named Allstar PZL Glider Sp.z o.o.
Limited liability company
A limited liability company is a flexible form of enterprise that blends elements of partnership and corporate structures. It is a legal form of company that provides limited liability to its owners in the vast majority of United States jurisdictions...
(from 2002).
WSK "PZL-Kalisz"
In 1952 the engine manufacturer WSK-Kalisz was created. It manufactured mostly Soviet-licenced engines, first piston (the Shvetsov ASh-82Shvetsov ASh-82
The Shvetsov ASh-82 is a 14-cylinder, two-row, air-cooled radial aircraft engine developed from the Shvetsov M-62, itself a development from M-25 a licensed version of the Wright R-1820 Cyclone.-Design and development:...
and the Ivchenko AI-14
Ivchenko AI-14
The Ivchenko AI-14 is a nine-cylinder, air-cooled, radial piston engine designed in the Soviet Union to power aircraft.-Variants:...
) and then jet (the Klimov VK-1
Klimov VK-1
-Bibliography:* Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9-External links:* *...
). It also produced Polish piston engines, such as the WN-3, and other equipment. In October 1996 it was renamed WSK "PZL-Kalisz" and became a corporation (SA
S.A. (corporation)
S.A. designates a particular type of corporation in various countries, mostly those employing the civil law. It originated in Spain during the 16th century. Depending on language, the abbreviation stands for various phrases meaning anonymous society, anonymous company, anonymous partnership, or...
).
WSK "PZL Warszawa II"
WSK Warszawa II was created in 1952 in Warsaw as a manufacturer of aircraft parts and military equipment parts. In 1995 it was changed from a state factory to a corporation WSK "PZL Warszawa II" SA.A list of aircraft designed or produced by PZL
| PZL (before 1939) | |
|---|---|
| PZL P.1 PZL P.1 -Bibliography:* Cynk, Jerzy B. History of the Polish Air Force 1918-1968. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972. ISBN 0-85045-039-X.* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft, 1893-1939. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4.... |
1-engine, fighter prototype, high-wing, 1929/- |
| PZL Ł.2 | 1-engine, liaison, high-wing, 1929/1930 |
| PZL.4 | 3-engine, passenger prototype, high-wing, 1932/- |
| PZL.5 PZL.5 |-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft 1893-1939. London: Putnam, 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4.* Glass, Andrzej. Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 . Warsaw: WKiŁ, 1977 .-External links:**... |
1-engine, sport, biplane, 1930/1931 |
| PZL P.6 PZL P.6 -Bibliography:* Cynk, Jerzy B. History of the Polish Air Force 1918-1968. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972. ISBN 0-85045-039-X.* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft, 1893-1939. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4.... |
1-engine, fighter prototype, high-wing, 1930/- |
| PZL P.7 PZL P.7 -References:NotesBibliography* Cynk, Jerzy B. History of the Polish Air Force 1918-1968. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972.* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft, 1893-1939. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4.... |
1-engine, fighter, high-wing, 1930/1932 |
| PZL P.11 PZL P.11 The PZL P.11 was a Polish fighter aircraft, designed in the early 1930s by PZL in Warsaw. It was briefly considered to be the most advanced fighter aircraft design in the world... |
1-engine, fighter, high-wing, 1931/1934 |
| PZL.19 PZL.19 |-References: Glass, Andrzej. Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , pp. 242-244.. Warsaw: WKiŁ, 1977.-See also:... |
1-engine, sport, low-wing, 1932/- |
| PZL.23 Karaś PZL.23 Karas |-Specifications :-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Angelucci, Enzo and Paolo Matricardi. World War II Airplanes . Chicago: Rand McNally, 1978. ISBN 0-52888-170-1.... |
1-engine, light bomber, low-wing, 1934/1936 |
| PZL P.24 PZL P.24 |-References:NotesCitationsBibliography* Axworthy, Mark. Third Axis, Fourth Ally. London: Arms and Armour, 1995. ISBN 1-85409-267-7.* Bernád, Dénes. Rumanian Air Force: The Prime Decade 1938-1947. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc, 1999. ISBN 0-89747-402-3.* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish... |
1-engine, fighter, high-wing, 1933/1936 |
| PZL.26 PZL.26 |-References:*Andrzej Glass: Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 -See also:... |
1-engine, sport, low-wing, 1934/- |
| PZL.27 | 3-engine, passenger prototype, high-wing, 1934/- |
| PZL.30 Żubr LWS-6 Zubr -See also:-References:*Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 * at airwar.ru... |
2-engine, medium bomber, high-wing, 1936/1938 |
| PZL.37 Łoś | 2-engine, medium bomber, low-wing, 1936/1938 |
| PZL.38 Wilk PZL.38 Wilk - References :* Glass, Andrzej. Polskie Konstrukcje Lotnicze 1893-1939 . Warsawa, Poland: WKiŁ, 1977.... |
2-engine, heavy fighter prototype, low-wing, 1938/- |
| PZL.43 PZL.43 |-References:* Glass, Andrzej and Mazur, Wojciech. PZL.43 "Czajka" - eksportowa wersja "Karasia" in Militaria Vol.4 No.1/1999 .... |
1-engine, light bomber, low-wing, developed from PZL.23 |
| PZL.44 Wicher PZL.44 Wicher -References:*Andrzej Glass. Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 . Warsaw: WKiŁ, 1977 .-See also:... |
2-engine, passenger plane prototype, low-wing, 1938/- |
| PZL.45 Sokół | 1-engine, fighter prototype, low-wing, -/- |
| PZL.46 Sum PZL.46 Sum -See also:- References :* Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 - External links :*... |
1-engine, light bomber prototype, low-wing, 1938/- |
| PZL.48 Lampart PZL.48 Lampart -References:*Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 -See also:... |
2-engine, heavy fighter prototype, low-wing, -/- |
| PZL.49 Miś | 2-engine, medium bomber prototype, low-wing, -/- |
| PZL.50 Jastrząb | 1-engine, fighter prototype, low-wing, 1939/- |
| PZL.53 Jastrząb II PZL.53 Jastrzab II -Bibliography:* Glass, Andrzej. Polskie Konstrukcje Lotnicze Vol.3 . Sandomierz, Poland: Wydawnictwo Stratus, 2008.-See also:... |
1-engine, fighter project, low-wing, -/- |
| PZL.54 Ryś PZL.54 Rys |... |
2-engine, heavy fighter prototype, low-wing, -/- |
| PZL.55 PZL.55 This fighter is sometimes called "PZL.62", but the correct designation is PZL.55.This fighter is sometimes called "PZL.62", but the correct designation is PZL.55.... |
1-engine, fighter project, low-wing, -/- |
| PZL.56 Kania PZL.56 Kania -Bibliography:* Glass, Andrzej. Polskie Konstrukcje Lotnicze Vol.3 . Sandomierz, Poland: Wydawnictwo Stratus, 2008.... |
1-engine, fighter project, low-wing, -/- |
| CSS -> WSK-Okęcie -> PZL "Warszawa-Okęcie" | |
| CSS-13 | 1-engine, multirole biplane, 1948 (licence Polikarpov Po-2 Polikarpov Po-2 The Polikarpov Po-2 served as a general-purpose Soviet biplane, nicknamed Kukuruznik for maize; thus, 'maize duster' or 'crop duster'), NATO reporting name "Mule"... ) |
| LWD Junak LWD Junak |-See also:-References:*Kempski, Benedykt. Samolot szkolno-treningowy Junak, TBiU #110, Wydawnictwo MON, Warsaw 1986, ISBN 83-11-07341-4 *Krzyżan, Marian. Samoloty w muzeach polskich, Wydawnictwo WKiŁ, Warsaw 1983, ISBN 83-206-0432... |
1-engine, trainer low-wing, 1948/1951 |
| Jak-12 | 1-engine, multirole high-wing, 1956 (licence Yakovlev Yak-12 Yakovlev Yak-12 The Yakovlev Yak-12 is a light multirole STOL aircraft used by the Soviet Air Force, Soviet civilian aviation and other countries from 1947 onwards.-Design and development:... ) |
| PZL-101 Gawron | 1-engine, multirole (agricultural) high-wing, 1958/1960 |
| PZL-102 Kos PZL-102 Kos -External links:*... |
1-engine, sports low-wing, 1958/1959 |
| PZL-104 Wilga PZL-104 Wilga PZL-104 Wilga is a Polish designed and built short-takeoff-and-landing Civil Aviation utility aircraft manufactured by PZL "Warszawa-Okęcie";... |
1-engine, multirole high-wing, 1963/1964 |
| PZL-105 Flaming PZL-105 Flaming |-See also:-References:*Andrzej Glass: Samoloty '94, Grupa IMAGE, Warsaw 1994, ISBN 83-85461-19-1* Lambert, Mark . Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993-94. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0 7106 1066 1.-External links:*... |
1-engine, multirole high-wing, 1989/- |
| PZL-106 Kruk | 1-engine, agricultural low-wing, 1973/1977 |
| PZL-110 Koliber | 1-engine, trainer / sport low-wing, 1978 (licence SOCATA Rallye Socata Rallye -Bibliography:* Donald, David . The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Leicester, UK: Blitz, 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.* Taylor, John W R. . Jane's All the Worlds Aircraft 1976-77. London:Jane's Yearbooks, 1976. ISBN 0 354 00538 3.... 100ST) |
| PZL-130 Orlik PZL-130 Orlik -See also :-References :*Lambert, Mark. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993-94. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0 7106 1066 1.*"Orlik…A Polish Fledgeling". Air International, October 1985, Vol 29 No 4. pp. 167–172. ISSN 0306-5634.... |
1-engine, military trainer low-wing, 1984/1992 |
| WSK-Mielec -> PZL-Mielec | |
| LWD Szpak LWD Szpak -References:*Babiejczuk, Janusz and Grzegorzewski, Jerzy: Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973 , Wydawnictwo MON, Warsaw 1974 *Krzyżan, Marian: Samoloty w muzeach polskich, Warsaw 1983, ISBN 83-206-0432... -4T |
1-engine, utility / touring low wing, 1945/1948 |
| TS-8 Bies | 1-engine, military trainer low-wing, 1955/1957 |
| PZL M-2 PZL M-2 -See also:-References:*Janusz Babiejczuk, Jerzy Grzegorzewski: Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973, Warsaw 1973 * Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1961–62. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1961.** -External links:*... |
1-engine, trainer low-wing prototype, 1958/- |
| PZL M-4 Tarpan PZL M-4 Tarpan -References:*Janusz Babiejczuk, Jerzy Grzegorzewski: Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973, Warsaw 1973 *Marian Krzyżan: Samoloty w muzeach polskich, WKiŁ, Warsaw 1983, ISBN 83-206-0432-X... |
1-engine, trainer low-wing prototype, 1961/- |
| An-2 | 1-engine, transport and multirole biplane, 1960 (licence Antonov An-2 Antonov An-2 The Antonov An-2 is a single-engine biplane utility/agricultural aircraft designed in the USSR in 1946... ) |
| Lim-1 | 1-jet engine, fighter, 1953 (licence MiG-15) |
| Lim-2 | 1-jet engine, fighter, 1954 (licence MiG-15bis) |
| Lim-5 | 1-jet engine, fighter, 1956 (licence MiG-17) |
| Lim-6 | 1-jet engine, attack plane, 1961 |
| PZL TS-11 Iskra PZL TS-11 Iskra |-See also:-References:*"Poland's Veteran Spark". Air International, March 1979, Vol 16 No. 3. Bromley, UK:Fine Scroll Publishing. pp. 126–131.... |
1-jet engine, military trainer, mid-wing, 1960/1963 |
| PZL M-15 Belphegor | 1-jet engine, agricultural biplane, 1973/1976 |
| PZL M-18 Dromader PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader |-See also:-References:*Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.... |
1-engine, agricultural low-wing, 1976/1978 |
| PZL M-20 Mewa PZL M-20 Mewa |-See also:-References:* -External links:*... |
2-engine, multirole low-wing, 1979/1989 (licence Piper Seneca) |
| PZL M-21 Dromader Mini PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader |-See also:-References:*Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.... |
1-engine, agricultural low-wing, 1987/- |
| PZL M-24 Dromader Super PZL M-24 Dromader Super The M-24 Dromader Super is a single engine agricultural aircraft, developed in the 1980s by the WSK-Mielec from the PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader. It remained a prototype.-Development:... |
1-engine, agricultural low-wing, 1987/- |
| PZL M-26 Iskierka PZL M-26 Iskierka -See also:-References:*Krzysztof Piwek, Wiesław Tomecki: Samolot M26 Iskierka in: * Lambert, Mark Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993-94. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.-External links:*... |
1-engine, trainer low-wing, 1986/? |
| PZL M-28 Skytruck / Bryza | 2-turboprop engine, light transport / military high-wing, 1984 (developed Antonov An-28 Antonov An-28 |-See also:-External links:**... ) |
| PZL I-22 Iryda PZL I-22 Iryda -See also:... |
2-jet engine, military trainer, high-wing, 1985/1992 (small series built) |
| WSK "PZL Świdnik" -> PZL-Świdnik | |
| PZL SM-1 | light helicopter (1+2/3 seats), 1957 (licence Mil Mi-1 Mil Mi-1 The Mil Mi-1 The Mil Mi-1 The Mil Mi-1 ( (USAF/DoD reporting name "Type 32", NATO reporting name "Hare") was a Soviet three- or four-seat light utility helicopter. It was the first Soviet helicopter to enter serial production. It is powered by one 575 hp Ivchenko AI-26V radial. It entered... ) |
| PZL SM-2 PZL SM-2 - References :* Skowroński, Grzegorz: Śmigłowiec wielozadaniowy SM-2 in: Lotnictwo z szachownicą nr.9 * Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66... |
light helicopter (1+4 seats), 1962 |
| PZL Mi-2 Mil Mi-2 The Mil Mi-2 is a small, lightly armored transport helicopter that could also provide close air support when armed with 57 mm rockets and a 23 mm cannon.-Design and development:... |
helicopter (2+8 seats), 1966 (licence Mil Mi-2 Mil Mi-2 The Mil Mi-2 is a small, lightly armored transport helicopter that could also provide close air support when armed with 57 mm rockets and a 23 mm cannon.-Design and development:... ) |
| PZL Kania PZL Kania -References:* Taylor, John W R . Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982-83. London:Jane's Yearbooks, 1982. ISBN 0 7106-0748-2.* Taylor, John W R . Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988-89. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Defence Data, 1988. ISBN 0 7106-0867-5.... |
helicopter (2+8 seats), 1979/1986 |
| PZL W-3 Sokół | helicopter (2+12 seats), 1979/1987 |
| PZL SW-4 Puszczyk | light helicopter (1+4 seats), 1996/2003? |
| Engines | |
| PZL-3 | 7-cylinder radial |
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See also
- Gliders built at PZL-Bielsko
- Gliders built at PZL-Swidnik