Mielec
Encyclopedia
Mielec ' is a city in south-eastern Poland
with a population of 60,979 inhabitants, as of June 2009. It is located in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship
(Województwo Podkarpackie) (since 1999); previously it was in Rzeszów Voivodeship
(1975–1998). Mielec is the capital city of Mielec County
.
The next owners of Mielec were the Ossolinski and Morsztyn families. In 1775 Anna Ossilinska married John Pieniazek, bringing as dowry her inheritance of part of the city. The next owner was Ignatius Suchorzewski, who married Pieniazek’s daughter Paulina. Suchorzewski sold Mielec's goods to Louis Starzenski in 1847, who got rid of them ten years later to a Jewish family named Gross. The last owner of Mielec was the Oborski family in 1891.
In 1853 the county town of Mielec governed the area in which there were 106 settlements and 91 castral municipalities. In 1892 on Kosciuszko Street a new City Council building and police barracks were built. The development of the county town was interrupted by a huge fire, which destroyed three quarters of the city. This catastrophe caused the city to apply for a state loan of 12 crowns, the receipt of which led to the rapid development of the city. By the beginning of the twentieth century the market place in Mielec was surrounded by brick houses, and in 1902 a courthouse was built. In 1912 a gymnasium (academic high school) and the office of County Council were established and buildings constructed for them.
World War I caused much damage to the infrastructure and economy of Mielec town and county. In the interwar years many streets were paved with cobbles. In addition a private power plant, various craft workshops, and retail businesses were established. In 1934, the Mielec region suffered the biggest flood that destroyed more than 11,000 households.
Mielec's economy has been centered for the last 70 years around a single industrial enterprise, which transformed the city and increased its population sixfold. This process began in the 1930s, when Poland launched a significant expansion of its armaments industry
, focused on building factories in the newly created Central Industrial Region (Polish: Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy, abbreviated COP). In 1936 a state-owned factory making airplane chassis was established (State Aviation Works - Airframe Fakcory No. 2) on the outskirts of the town, an area then known as Cyranka. The factory started to build a new bomber, the PZL P-37 or "Los" (English: "Moose"). In addition in the years 1937-1939 a large aviation factory of the PZL
company was set up. The new manufacturing industry necessitated the development of residential housing for factory workers and management personnel.
After the outbreak of World War II, the city and the airplane company fell into the hands of the German invaders. In the years 1939-1944 the factory produced German bombers, and from 1943 also manufactured the fighter plane He–297. The Nazis staffed much of the factory with slave labor. Initially Jews from Mielec were enslaved there. In 1942 the Jewish population of Mielec was deported to death camps, except for a few who remained as slave labor at the factory. Before the war the Jewish population of Mielec was 2,800 out of a total population of 5,500. During the deportation the factory hangars were the site of a mass murder of several hundred of Mielec' Jews, who were buried there. Subsequently the factory used slave labor composed of Jews from other regions, prisoners of war, political prisoners, etc. After the war a monument was placed at the factory with a vague inscription typical of holocaust memorials during the Communist era: "To those employees of the Factory and the inhabitants from the area of both Polish and Jewish nationalities murdered during World War II: A tribute from Mielec's Youth." Another mass grave of Jews with a monument may be found in one corner of the Mielec Catholic cemetery, where the victims of a 1941 Nazi atrocity were buried. During the German occupation, all of Mielec' Jewish institutions and the Jewish cemetery were destroyed, and also many of the Jewish homes. After Poland’s liberation, the few surviving Mielezer Jews who returned found it impossible to rebuild their lives there due to hostility and threats of death from the Polish residents.
After 1945 into the factory became the largest aviation factory in Poland under the name WSK-Mielec "Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego" (English: "Transport Equipment Manufacturing Centre"). This plant was the main source of employment for people in Mielec and surrounding communities. At first, the factory produced Soviet-designed planes under license. Thus, it was the primary production site of the widely used An-2
transport plane
. It also manufactured Polish versions of the MiG-15
and MiG-17
fighters. The factory also built planes designed in Poland such as the trainer plane TS-11 Iskra
used by Poland and India. It produced over 16,000 aircraft, which were mainly licensed for export to the USSR.
After 1989 and the economic changes due to the fall of communism
, factory orders declined and the plant encountered serious financial difficulties. It continued to produce successful aircraft types, but at much lower volumes than during the Cold War
. Self-government of Mielec Township was established in 1990.
The situation changed in 1995, due to the establishment of Poland's first Special Economic Zone EURO-PARK Mielec. In 1998 the aviation plant changed its name to PZL-Mielec "Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze" (English: "Polish Aviation Works"). In 2007 the factory was acquired by Sikorsky
, and was planned to be the main production site of the export version UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. Also, since 2005, Mielec has been the production site of sports-luxury car Leopard 6 Litre Roadster
. Golf carts are also manufactured in Mielec.
The first Special Economic Zone
in Poland, SEZ EURO-PARK MIELEC
, has been founded in Mielec in 1995 and has a positive impact on economy of Mielec.
Gymnasiums
High Schools and Vo-Tech Schools
Colleges and universities
with:
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
with a population of 60,979 inhabitants, as of June 2009. It is located in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Podkarpackie Voivodeship , or Subcarpathian Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, or province, in extreme-southeastern Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów...
(Województwo Podkarpackie) (since 1999); previously it was in Rzeszów Voivodeship
Rzeszów Voivodeship
Rzeszów Voivodeship can refer to one of two political entities in Poland:Rzeszów Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government from 1975 to 1998, superseded by Podkarpackie Voivodeship...
(1975–1998). Mielec is the capital city of Mielec County
Mielec County
Mielec County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mielec, which lies ...
.
History
The first mention of a place called Mielec appears in the thirteenth century in the 1229 bull of Pope Gregory IX. In the second half of the fourteenth century a parish Mielecka was mentioned in lists. Mielec city was founded on March 17, 1457, when King Casimir IV issued a permit to John Mielecki for the location of the city under the name of Nowy Targ. For unknown reasons he did not found the city; it was established by his two sons John and Bernard by the Act of 18 December 1470. The Mielecki family owned the town of Mielec until the last Mielecki heir died in 1771. Under their rule intensive development of handcrafts took place. In 1522 was found the oldest guild organization, the blacksmiths' guild, and subsequently guilds of tailors, cobblers, potters, spinners and weavers.The next owners of Mielec were the Ossolinski and Morsztyn families. In 1775 Anna Ossilinska married John Pieniazek, bringing as dowry her inheritance of part of the city. The next owner was Ignatius Suchorzewski, who married Pieniazek’s daughter Paulina. Suchorzewski sold Mielec's goods to Louis Starzenski in 1847, who got rid of them ten years later to a Jewish family named Gross. The last owner of Mielec was the Oborski family in 1891.
In 1853 the county town of Mielec governed the area in which there were 106 settlements and 91 castral municipalities. In 1892 on Kosciuszko Street a new City Council building and police barracks were built. The development of the county town was interrupted by a huge fire, which destroyed three quarters of the city. This catastrophe caused the city to apply for a state loan of 12 crowns, the receipt of which led to the rapid development of the city. By the beginning of the twentieth century the market place in Mielec was surrounded by brick houses, and in 1902 a courthouse was built. In 1912 a gymnasium (academic high school) and the office of County Council were established and buildings constructed for them.
World War I caused much damage to the infrastructure and economy of Mielec town and county. In the interwar years many streets were paved with cobbles. In addition a private power plant, various craft workshops, and retail businesses were established. In 1934, the Mielec region suffered the biggest flood that destroyed more than 11,000 households.
Mielec's economy has been centered for the last 70 years around a single industrial enterprise, which transformed the city and increased its population sixfold. This process began in the 1930s, when Poland launched a significant expansion of its armaments industry
Arms industry
The arms industry is a global industry and business which manufactures and sells weapons and military technology and equipment. It comprises government and commercial industry involved in research, development, production, and service of military material, equipment and facilities...
, focused on building factories in the newly created Central Industrial Region (Polish: Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy, abbreviated COP). In 1936 a state-owned factory making airplane chassis was established (State Aviation Works - Airframe Fakcory No. 2) on the outskirts of the town, an area then known as Cyranka. The factory started to build a new bomber, the PZL P-37 or "Los" (English: "Moose"). In addition in the years 1937-1939 a large aviation factory of the PZL
PZL
PZL was the main Polish aerospace manufacturer of the interwar period, based in Warsaw, functioning in 1928-1939...
company was set up. The new manufacturing industry necessitated the development of residential housing for factory workers and management personnel.
After the outbreak of World War II, the city and the airplane company fell into the hands of the German invaders. In the years 1939-1944 the factory produced German bombers, and from 1943 also manufactured the fighter plane He–297. The Nazis staffed much of the factory with slave labor. Initially Jews from Mielec were enslaved there. In 1942 the Jewish population of Mielec was deported to death camps, except for a few who remained as slave labor at the factory. Before the war the Jewish population of Mielec was 2,800 out of a total population of 5,500. During the deportation the factory hangars were the site of a mass murder of several hundred of Mielec' Jews, who were buried there. Subsequently the factory used slave labor composed of Jews from other regions, prisoners of war, political prisoners, etc. After the war a monument was placed at the factory with a vague inscription typical of holocaust memorials during the Communist era: "To those employees of the Factory and the inhabitants from the area of both Polish and Jewish nationalities murdered during World War II: A tribute from Mielec's Youth." Another mass grave of Jews with a monument may be found in one corner of the Mielec Catholic cemetery, where the victims of a 1941 Nazi atrocity were buried. During the German occupation, all of Mielec' Jewish institutions and the Jewish cemetery were destroyed, and also many of the Jewish homes. After Poland’s liberation, the few surviving Mielezer Jews who returned found it impossible to rebuild their lives there due to hostility and threats of death from the Polish residents.
After 1945 into the factory became the largest aviation factory in Poland under the name WSK-Mielec "Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego" (English: "Transport Equipment Manufacturing Centre"). This plant was the main source of employment for people in Mielec and surrounding communities. At first, the factory produced Soviet-designed planes under license. Thus, it was the primary production site of the widely used An-2
Antonov An-2
The Antonov An-2 is a single-engine biplane utility/agricultural aircraft designed in the USSR in 1946...
transport plane
Cargo aircraft
A cargo aircraft is a fixed-wing aircraft designed or converted for the carriage of goods, rather than passengers. They are usually devoid of passenger amenities, and generally feature one or more large doors for the loading and unloading of cargo...
. It also manufactured Polish versions of the MiG-15
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 was a jet fighter developed for the USSR by Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevich. The MiG-15 was one of the first successful swept-wing jet fighters, and it achieved fame in the skies over Korea, where early in the war, it outclassed all straight-winged enemy fighters in...
and MiG-17
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 is a high-subsonic fighter aircraft produced in the USSR from 1952 and operated by numerous air forces in many variants. Most MiG-17 variants cannot carry air-to-air missiles, but shot down many aircraft with its cannons...
fighters. The factory also built planes designed in Poland such as the trainer plane TS-11 Iskra
PZL TS-11 Iskra
|-See also:-References:*"Poland's Veteran Spark". Air International, March 1979, Vol 16 No. 3. Bromley, UK:Fine Scroll Publishing. pp. 126–131....
used by Poland and India. It produced over 16,000 aircraft, which were mainly licensed for export to the USSR.
After 1989 and the economic changes due to the fall of communism
Revolutions of 1989
The Revolutions of 1989 were the revolutions which overthrew the communist regimes in various Central and Eastern European countries.The events began in Poland in 1989, and continued in Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and...
, factory orders declined and the plant encountered serious financial difficulties. It continued to produce successful aircraft types, but at much lower volumes than during the Cold War
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...
. Self-government of Mielec Township was established in 1990.
The situation changed in 1995, due to the establishment of Poland's first Special Economic Zone EURO-PARK Mielec. In 1998 the aviation plant changed its name to PZL-Mielec "Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze" (English: "Polish Aviation Works"). In 2007 the factory was acquired by Sikorsky
Sikorsky Aircraft
The Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation is an American aircraft manufacturer based in Stratford, Connecticut. Its parent company is United Technologies Corporation.-History:...
, and was planned to be the main production site of the export version UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. Also, since 2005, Mielec has been the production site of sports-luxury car Leopard 6 Litre Roadster
Leopard (car)
Leopard 6 Liter's Roadster is a classical sport-style luxury car designed by entrepreneur Zbysław Szwaj. The car is produced by a privately held Polish company Leopard Automobile Mielec Sp. z o.o.. Zbysław Szwaj is the company co-founder, designer, and also the designer of the Gepard car.-...
. Golf carts are also manufactured in Mielec.
Historic Sites
- Minor basilicaBasilicaThe Latin word basilica , was originally used to describe a Roman public building, usually located in the forum of a Roman town. Public basilicas began to appear in Hellenistic cities in the 2nd century BC.The term was also applied to buildings used for religious purposes...
of Matthew the EvangelistMatthew the EvangelistMatthew the Evangelist was, according to the Bible, one of the twelve Apostles of Jesus and one of the four Evangelists.-Identity:...
, built in 1526 - Oborscys' manor-houseManor houseA manor house is a country house that historically formed the administrative centre of a manor, the lowest unit of territorial organisation in the feudal system in Europe. The term is applied to country houses that belonged to the gentry and other grand stately homes...
from 17th century - Jadernys' house (currently museum)
- Musical school
- St. MarkMark the EvangelistMark the Evangelist is the traditional author of the Gospel of Mark. He is one of the Seventy Disciples of Christ, and the founder of the Church of Alexandria, one of the original four main sees of Christianity....
church
Economy
From the beginning of Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy Mielec is commonly associated with PZL Mielec aviation factory.The first Special Economic Zone
Special Economic Zone
A Special Economic Zone is a geographical region that has economic and other laws that are more free-market-oriented than a country's typical or national laws...
in Poland, SEZ EURO-PARK MIELEC
Special Economic Zone EURO-PARK MIELEC
Special Economic Zone EURO-PARK MIELEC is the oldest SEZ in Poland. It has been founded in 1995 in Mielec. Currently, SEZ EURO-PARK MIELEC spreads on the total area or 998 ha in the following locations: Mielec - 605 ha, Rzeszów Special Economic Zone EURO-PARK MIELEC is the oldest SEZ in Poland. It...
, has been founded in Mielec in 1995 and has a positive impact on economy of Mielec.
Sports
- FKS Stal MielecStal MielecStal Mielec is a Polish football club based in Mielec, Poland. The club was established on April 10, 1939. The construction of the club's current stadium, Stadion Stali Mielec at Solskiego 1, was concluded in 1953. Currently the stadium is undergoing a major renovation...
- men's footballFootball in PolandFootball is the most popular sport in Poland. Over 400,000 Poles play football regularly, with millions more playing occasionally. The first professional clubs were founded in the early 1900s, and the Polish national football team played its first international match in 1921.There are hundreds of...
team currently in 3rd league:- Poland's Ekstraklasa Premier League: 1st place in 1972/73 season; 1st place in 1975/76 season; 2nd place in 1974/75 season; 3rd place in 1973/74 season; 3rd place in 1983/84 season.
- Polish CupPolish CupThe Polish Cup in football or officially Remes Puchar Polski, is an elimination tournament for Polish football clubs, held continuously from 1950, and is the second most important national title in Polish football after the Ekstraklasa title...
: finalist in 1976 season - UEFA Cup: quarter-finalist in 1975/76 season
- European Champions CupEuropean Champion Clubs' CupThe European Champion Clubs' Cup, also known as Coupe des Clubs Champions Européens, or simply the European Cup, is a trophy awarded annually by UEFA to the football club that wins the UEFA Champions League...
: first round elimination in 1973/74 season; first round elimination in 1976/77 season - Notable players: Grzegorz LatoGrzegorz LatoGrzegorz Bolesław Lato is a former Polish football striker, and the leading scorer at the 1974 World Cup. Lato's playing career coincided with the golden era of Polish football, which began with Olympic gold in Munich in 1972 and ended a decade later with third place at the 1982 World Cup in...
, Henryk KasperczakHenryk KasperczakHenryk Wojciech Kasperczak is a Polish football manager and a football player.As a player, Kasperczak took part in two FIFA World Cups with Poland, achieving third place in 1974, as well as a silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada.As a manager, Kasperczak enjoyed most...
, Andrzej SzarmachAndrzej SzarmachAndrzej Szarmach is a former Polish football player.He played in the Polish national team during its "golden age" in the 1970s...
, Jan DomarskiJan DomarskiJan Andrzej Domarski was a Polish football player and bronze-medal winner in the 1974 World Cup tournament in Germany. He played in seventeen matches for the Polish national football team and was a double-champion with the club Stal Mielec...
- KPSK Stal Mielec - women's volleyballVolleyball in PolandVolleyball in Poland is a popular team sport. It is the second most popular sport after football. The Men's national team is ranked 5th and the Women's team is ranked 9th in the FIVB World Rankings...
team playing in Liga Siatkówki Kobiet: 2nd place in 1999/2000 season - SPR Stal Mielec – men's handballHandball in PolandHandball is a popular team sport in Poland.* Polish Seria A Handball League* Polish Seria B Handball League* Polish Seria A Women's Handball League* Polish Seria B Women's Handball League* Polish Cup in men handball* Polish Cup in women handball...
team playing in PGNiG SuperligaPolish Ekstraklasa Men's Handball League-Champions of Poland:-See also:* Handball in Poland* Polish Ekstraklasa Women's Handball League* Sports in Poland...
Education
Elementary schools- Szkoła Podstawowa nr 1 im. Władysława Szafera w Mielcu
- Szkoła Podstawowa nr 2 im. Tadeusza Kościuszki w Mielcu
- Szkoła Podstawowa nr 3 im. Wojska Polskiego w Mielcu
- Szkoła Podstawowa nr 6 im. Żwirki i Wigury w Mielcu
- Szkoła Podstawowa nr 9 im. Władysława Jasińskiego "Jędrusia" w Mielcu
- Szkoła Podstawowa nr 11 im. Jana Pawła II w Mielcu
- Szkoła Podstawowa nr 12 im. Henryka Sienkiewicza w Mielcu
- Szkoła Podstawowa nr 13 im. Jana Bytnara "Rudego" w Mielcu
- Szkoła Podstawowa przy Niepublicznej Szkole Mistrzostwa Sportowego w Mielcu im. Grzegorza Lato
Gymnasiums
- Gimnazjum nr 1 w Mielcu
- Gimnazjum nr 2 w Mielcu
- Gimnazjum nr 3 w Mielcu
- Gimnazjum nr 4 w Mielcu
- Gimnazjum przy Niepublicznej Szkole Mistrzostwa Sportowego w Mielcu im. Grzegorza Lato
- Niepubliczne Gimnazjum prz Szkole Podstawowej nr 2
High Schools and Vo-Tech Schools
- I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Stanisława Konarskiego w Mielcu
- II Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Mikołaja Kopernika w Mielcu
- Zespół Szkół Ogólnokształcących nr 1 w Mielcu im. st. sierż. pilota Stanisława Działowskiego
- V Liceum Ogólnokształcące
- Liceum przy Niepublicznej Szkole Mistrzostwa Sportowego w Mielcu im. Grzegorza Lato
- Zespół Szkół Budowlanych im. Żołnierzy Armii Krajowej w Mielcu
- Zasadnicza Szkoła Zawodowa Nr 2
- Technikum Nr 2
- II Liceum Profilowane
- Zespół Szkół Ekonomicznych w Mielcu
- Zasadnicza Szkoła Zawodowa Nr 1
- Technikum Nr 1
- I Liceum Profilowane
- Zespół Szkół Technicznych w Mielcu
- Zasadnicza Szkoła Zawodowa Nr 3
- Technikum Nr 3
- III Liceum Profilowane
- III Liceum Ogólnokształcące
- Szkoła Policealna Nr 3
- Technikum Uzupełniające Nr 3
- III Uzupełniające Liceum Ogólnokształcące
- Zespół Szkół im. prof. Janusza Groszkowskiego w Mielcu
- Zasadnicza Szkoła Zawodowa Nr 4
- Technikum Nr 4
- IV Liceum Profilowane
- IV Liceum Ogólnokształcące
Colleges and universities
- Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki i Zarządzania
- Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych (UMCS patronage)
People related to Mielec
- Grzegorz LatoGrzegorz LatoGrzegorz Bolesław Lato is a former Polish football striker, and the leading scorer at the 1974 World Cup. Lato's playing career coincided with the golden era of Polish football, which began with Olympic gold in Munich in 1972 and ended a decade later with third place at the 1982 World Cup in...
- football player, senator, a president of PZPN - Władysław Szafer - biologist
Twin Towns - Sister Cities
Mielec is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
| Douchy-les-Mines Douchy-les-Mines Douchy-les-Mines is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.-Heraldry:-Twin towns — Sister cities:Douchy-les-Mines is twinned with*Mielec in Poland -References:* -Notes:... in France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France... (since 11 November 1990) Mukacheve in Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia... (since January 1993) Vila Nova de Poiares Vila Nova de Poiares Vila Nova de Poiares is a town in Vila Nova de Poiares Municipality of the Coimbra district, in Portugal.-Twin towns:Vila Nova de Poiares is twinned with* Mielec in Poland -External links:*... in Portugal Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the... (since June 2001) |
Löhne Löhne Löhne is a town in the district of Herford, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.-Geography:Löhne is situated on the river Werre, approx. 8 km north of Herford and 20 km south-west of Minden.-Neighbouring places:* Hüllhorst* Bad Oeynhausen... in Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate... (since 15 July 2002) Tiszaföldvár Tiszaföldvár Tiszaföldvár is a town in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary.-Geography:It covers an area of and has a population of 12,027 people .-Twin towns — Sister cities:Tiszaföldvár is twinned with... in Hungary Hungary Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The... (since 11 August 2006) |
External links
- Mielec home page (in Polish)
- PZL aviation factory in Mielec
- History of Mielec
- History of Jews of Mielec