Outline of Saskatchewan
Encyclopedia
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....
is the central prairie province in Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, and has an area of 588276 square kilometre. Saskatchewan is bounded on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada.Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south...
, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the American states of Montana and North Dakota.
Saskatchewan was first explored by Europeans in 1690 and settled in 1774; prior to that, it was populated by several indigenous tribes. It became a province in 1905. Saskatchewan's current premier is Brad Wall
Brad Wall
Bradley John "Brad" Wall, MLA is a Canadian politician who has been the 14th Premier of Saskatchewan since November 21, 2007....
and its lieutenant-governor is Gordon Barnhart
Gordon Barnhart
-See also:*Monarchy in Saskatchewan*Government House - External Links :* -Sources:* by Sarah Macdonald, The Leader-Post, July 31, 2006, retrieved August 1, 2006,* retrieved December 18, 2006,***-References:...
. Its major industries are agriculture, mining, and energy.
The province's name is derived from the Saskatchewan River
Saskatchewan River
The Saskatchewan River is a major river in Canada, approximately long, flowing roughly eastward across Saskatchewan and Manitoba to empty into Lake Winnipeg...
. Earlier, the river was designated kisiskāciwani-sīpiy ("swift flowing river") in the Cree language
Cree language
Cree is an Algonquian language spoken by approximately 117,000 people across Canada, from the Northwest Territories and Alberta to Labrador, making it the aboriginal language with the highest number of speakers in Canada. It is also spoken in the U.S. state of Montana...
.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saskatchewan:
General reference
- PronunciationInternational Phonetic AlphabetThe International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic...
: - Common English name(s): SaskatchewanSaskatchewanSaskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....
or "SK" or "Sask" - Official English name: SaskatchewanSaskatchewanSaskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....
- Common endonym(s): "Land of Living Skies"
- Official endonym(s): Province of Saskatchewan
- Adjectival(s): SaskatchewanSaskatchewanSaskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....
- Demonym(s): SaskatchewanSaskatchewanSaskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....
- Etymology: The province's name is derived from the Saskatchewan RiverSaskatchewan RiverThe Saskatchewan River is a major river in Canada, approximately long, flowing roughly eastward across Saskatchewan and Manitoba to empty into Lake Winnipeg...
. Earlier, the river was designated kisiskāciwani-sīpiy ("swift flowing river") in the Cree languageCree languageCree is an Algonquian language spoken by approximately 117,000 people across Canada, from the Northwest Territories and Alberta to Labrador, making it the aboriginal language with the highest number of speakers in Canada. It is also spoken in the U.S. state of Montana...
.
Geography of Saskatchewan
- Main article: Geography of SaskatchewanGeography of SaskatchewanThe geography of Saskatchewan , is unique among the provinces and territories of Canada in some respects. It is one of only two landlocked regions and it is the only region whose borders are not based on natural features like lakes, rivers or drainage divides...
- Saskatchewan is: a province of CanadaProvinces and territories of CanadaThe provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second-largest country by area. There are ten provinces and three territories...
- Canada is: a countryCountryA country is a region legally identified as a distinct entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with a previously...
- Location:
- Northern HemisphereNorthern HemisphereThe Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of its equator—the word hemisphere literally means “half sphere”. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator...
, Western HemisphereWestern HemisphereThe Western Hemisphere or western hemisphere is mainly used as a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian and east of the Antimeridian , the other half being called the Eastern Hemisphere.In this sense, the western hemisphere consists of the western portions...
- AmericasAmericasThe Americas, or America , are lands in the Western hemisphere, also known as the New World. In English, the plural form the Americas is often used to refer to the landmasses of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions, while the singular form America is primarily...
- North AmericaNorth AmericaNorth America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
- Northern AmericaNorthern AmericaNorthern America is the northernmost region of the Americas, and is part of the North American continent. It lies directly north of the region of Middle America; the land border between the two regions coincides with the border between the United States and Mexico...
- CanadaCanadaCanada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
- Canada
- Northern America
- North America
- Americas
- Extreme points of Saskatchewan
- Northern Hemisphere
- Population of SaskatchewanDemographics of SaskatchewanSaskatchewan is the middle province of Canada's three Prairie Provinces. Saskatchewan has an area of 651,900 km² and a population of 985,386 as of 2006. Most of its population lives in the southern half of the province...
: 1,003,299 (est.) - Area of Saskatchewan: 651900 square kilometres (251,700 sq mi)
- Statistics of Saskatchewan
- Symbols of SaskatchewanSymbols of SaskatchewanSaskatchewan is one of Canada's provinces, and has established several provincial symbols.-Symbols:...
- Atlas of Saskatchewan
- Territorial evolution of CanadaTerritorial evolution of CanadaThe federation of Canada was created in 1867 when three colonies of British North America were united. One of these colonies split into two new provinces, three other colonies joined later...
- Time zoneTime zoneA time zone is a region on Earth that has a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. In order for the same clock time to always correspond to the same portion of the day as the Earth rotates , different places on the Earth need to have different clock times...
s (Time in SaskatchewanTime in SaskatchewanMost of the Province of Saskatchewan observes Central Standard Time year round. However, since the province is geographically located in the Mountain Time Zone , it is effectively on daylight saving time year round.-History:In 1912, the first law was passed that called for the use of...
): Central Time ZoneCentral Time zoneIn North America, the Central Time Zone refers to national time zones which observe standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC , and daylight saving, or summer time by subtracting five hours...
: CST (UTC-06) or CDT (UTC-05)
Environment of Saskatchewan
- Climate of Saskatchewan
- Geology of SaskatchewanGeology of SaskatchewanThe geology of Saskatchewan can be divided into two main geological regions, the Precambrian Canadian Shield and the Phanerozoic Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Within the Precambrian shield exists the Athabasca sedimentary basin. Meteorite impacts have altered the natural geological...
- Wildlife of Saskatchewan
- Flora of SaskatchewanFlora of SaskatchewanThe native flora of the Saskatchewan includes vascular plants, plus additional species of other plants and plant-like organisms such as algae, lichens and other fungi, and mosses...
- Fauna of SaskatchewanFauna of SaskatchewanThe Fauna of Saskatchewan include several diverse land and aquatic animal species. From the multiplicity of invertebrates and vertebrates, two have been chosen as symbols of Saskatchewan. Cenozoic vertebrate fossils reveal the geological evolution of the interior plains and its prehistoric...
- Mammals of Saskatchewan
- Flora of Saskatchewan
Natural geographic features of Saskatchewan
- Lakes of Saskatchewan
- Rivers of Saskatchewan
- World Heritage Sites in Saskatchewan
Administrative divisions of Saskatchewan
- Census divisions of Saskatchewan
- SARM divisionsSaskatchewan Association of Rural MunicipalitiesThe Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities, often abbreviated as SARM, is an independent association that is responsible for representing the governments of the many rural municipalities in Saskatchewan. It is an official Government of Saskatchewan sanctioned corporation...
- School districts in Saskatchewan
Municipalities of Saskatchewan
- Rural municipalities
- Cities of Saskatchewan
- Towns in Saskatchewan
- Villages in SaskatchewanVillages of SaskatchewanVillages are incorporated under the provisions of the Municipal Government Act, if requested by more than 30% of the electors of a community with more than 300 people. In Saskatchewan, towns are formed from villages or resort villages with a population of at least 500 people, but the change in...
- Hamlets in SaskathewanHamlets of SaskatchewanHamlets are designated by the council of a municipal district or county when a community has a generally accepted name and boundary. Hamlets can contain non-residential areas within their boundaries, and are administered by the municipal districts...
- Ghost towns in Saskatchewan
- Indian Reserves in Saskatchewan
Government and politics of Saskatchewan
- Main article: Government of Saskatchewan and Politics of SaskatchewanPolitics of SaskatchewanThe Politics of Saskatchewan are part of the Canadian federal political system along with the other Canadian provinces. Saskatchewan has a Lieutenant-Governor, Gordon Barnhart, who is the representative of the Crown in Right of Saskatchewan, an elected premier, Brad Wall, leading the Cabinet, and a...
- Form of governmentForm of governmentA form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. Synonyms include "regime type" and "system of government".-Empirical and conceptual problems:...
: Constitutional monarchyConstitutional monarchyConstitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified or blended constitution... - Capital of Saskatchewan: ReginaRegina, SaskatchewanRegina is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The city is the second-largest in the province and a cultural and commercial centre for southern Saskatchewan. It is governed by Regina City Council. Regina is the cathedral city of the Roman Catholic and Romanian Orthodox...
- Elections in Saskatchewan
- First Nations in SaskatchewanFirst Nations in SaskatchewanFirst Nations in Saskatchewan constitute many nations. First Nations ethnicities in the province include the Cree, Assiniboine, Saulteaux, Dene and Dakota. Historically the Atsina and Blackfoot could also be found at various times....
- Political parties in Saskatchewan
- Political scandals of Saskatchewan
- List of Leaders of the Opposition in Saskatchewan
Representation in the government of Canada
members of the Upper House are called SenatorsMembers of the lower house are referred to as Members of Parliament MP
- Canadian federal electoral districts in Saskatchewan
- Historical federal electoral districts of CanadaHistorical federal electoral districts of CanadaThis is a list of past arrangements of Canada's electoral districts. Each district sends one member to the Canadian House of Commons. In 1999 and 2003, the Legislative Assembly of Ontario was elected using the same districts within that province...
Executive branch
- Head of stateHead of StateA head of state is the individual that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes legitimizing the state and exercising the political powers, functions, and duties granted to the head of...
: Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan - List of Saskatchewan lieutenant-governors, (Monarchy in SaskatchewanMonarchy in SaskatchewanBy the arrangements of the Canadian federation, the Canadian monarchy operates in Saskatchewan as the core of the province's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy; As such, the Crown within Saskatchewan's jurisdiction is referred to as the Crown in Right of Saskatchewan, Her Majesty in Right...
)- Head of governmentHead of governmentHead of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled prime minister, chief minister, premier, etc...
: Premier of SaskatchewanPremier of SaskatchewanThe Premier of Saskatchewan is the first minister for the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. They are the province's head of government and de facto chief executive....
, List of premiers of Saskatchewan- Cabinet of SaskatchewanExecutive Council of SaskatchewanThe Executive Council of Saskatchewan is the cabinet of that Canadian province....
- Cabinet of Saskatchewan
- Head of government
Legislative branch
- Parliament: Legislative Assembly of SaskatchewanLegislative Assembly of SaskatchewanThe 25th Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan was in power from 2003 until November 20, 2007. It was controlled by the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party under premier Lorne Calvert.-Members:-By-elections:...
(unicameral)
Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA)
- List of Saskatchewan political parties
- List of Saskatchewan provincial electoral districts
Judicial branch
- Court of Appeal for SaskatchewanCourt of Appeal for SaskatchewanThe Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan is the highest superior appeal court in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. It hears appeals from the Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan as well as the Provincial Court of Saskatchewan and administrative tribunals...
- Court of Queen's Bench for SaskatchewanCourt of Queen's Bench for SaskatchewanThe Court of Queen's Bench of Saskatchewan is the superior trial court for the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The Court hears civil and criminal law cases. It is a court of inherent jurisdiction and there is no monetary limit on the claims which it may hear. It also has original jurisdiction...
- Provincial Court of SaskatchewanProvincial Court of SaskatchewanThe Provincial Court of Saskatchewan is one of the courts in the judicial system of Saskatchewan. It is a court of limited jurisdiction, hearing criminal charges and civil claims up to $20,000.- Statutory Basis for the Provincial Court :...
- Provincial Court of Saskatchewan
- Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan
- History of Saskatchewan Courts
Interprovincial organization membership
Saskatchewan is a member of:- Trade, Investment and Labour Mobility Agreement (TILMA)
Law and order in Saskatchewan
- Main article: Law of Saskatchewan
- Capital punishment in Saskatchewan: none.
- Saskatchewan, as with all of Canada, does not have capital punishment.
- Canada eliminated the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976.
- Criminal Code of CanadaCriminal Code of CanadaThe Criminal Code or Code criminel is a law that codifies most criminal offences and procedures in Canada. Its official long title is "An Act respecting the criminal law"...
- Human rights in Saskatchewan
- LGBT rights in Saskatchewan
- Same-sex marriage in SaskatchewanSame-sex marriage in SaskatchewanSaskatchewan has recognized same-sex marriage, as of November 5, 2004.On September 27, 2004, Saskatchewan Justice Minister Frank Quennell told CBC News that neither he nor the province will take a stand on the issue of same-sex marriage....
- Same-sex marriage in Saskatchewan
- LGBT rights in Saskatchewan
- Law enforcement in Saskatchewan
- Saskatchewan Provincial PoliceSaskatchewan Provincial PoliceThe Saskatchewan Provincial Police was a police force in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan that existed from 1917 till 1928. Created in 1917 to replace the Royal North-West Mounted Police with maximum strength of 175 officers...
(defunct) - Royal Canadian Mounted PoliceRoyal Canadian Mounted PoliceThe Royal Canadian Mounted Police , literally ‘Royal Gendarmerie of Canada’; colloquially known as The Mounties, and internally as ‘The Force’) is the national police force of Canada, and one of the most recognized of its kind in the world. It is unique in the world as a national, federal,...
- Saskatchewan Provincial Police
- The Saskatchewan ActThe Saskatchewan ActThe Saskatchewan Act is an Act of the Canadian Parliament establishing the new province of Saskatchewan, effective September 1, 1905. Its long title is An Act to establish and provide for the government of the Province of Saskatchewan. The Act was published in chapter 42, pages 201-215 of the...
By period
- Rupert's LandRupert's LandRupert's Land, or Prince Rupert's Land, was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin that was nominally owned by the Hudson's Bay Company for 200 years from 1670 to 1870, although numerous aboriginal groups lived in the same territory and disputed the...
1670 to 1870 - Territorial evolution of CanadaTerritorial evolution of CanadaThe federation of Canada was created in 1867 when three colonies of British North America were united. One of these colonies split into two new provinces, three other colonies joined later...
1870-1905- District of Assiniboia 1882-1905
- District of SaskatchewanDistrict of SaskatchewanThe District of Saskatchewan was a regional administrative district of Canada's Northwest Territories. Much of the area was incorporated into the province of Saskatchewan. The western part became part of Alberta, and the eastern part is now part of Manitoba. Its capital was Prince Albert...
1882-1905 - District of AthabascaDistrict of AthabascaThe District of Athabasca is a former district of Canada. Its northern boundary was the current southern boundary of the Northwest Territories and extended south to 55° north latitude. The westernmost part is now part of Alberta and most of the eastern part is now in Saskatchewan. The very...
1882-1905
- North-West RebellionNorth-West RebellionThe North-West Rebellion of 1885 was a brief and unsuccessful uprising by the Métis people of the District of Saskatchewan under Louis Riel against the Dominion of Canada...
1885- Provisional Government of SaskatchewanProvisional Government of SaskatchewanThe Provisional Government of Saskatchewan was the name given by Louis Riel to the independent state he declared during the Northwest Rebellion of 1885 in what is today the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Although Riel initially hoped to rally the Countryborn, Cree and European settlers of the...
- Provisional Government of Saskatchewan
By subject
- History of courts in Saskatchewan
- Ghost towns in Saskatchewan
Culture of Saskatchewan
- Main article: Culture of SaskatchewanCulture of SaskatchewanCulture of Saskatchewan views the patterns of human activity in the central prairie province of Canada examing the way people live in the geography, climate, and social context of Saskatchewan. Cultural activities involve technology, science, as well as moral systems and the characteristic...
- Cuisine of Saskatchewan
- Canadian Chinese cuisineCanadian Chinese cuisineCanadian Chinese cuisine is a popular style of cooking exclusive to take-out and dine-in eateries found across Canada. It was the first form of commercially available Chinese food available in Canada. This cooking style was invented by early Cantonese immigrants who adapted traditional Chinese...
- Canadian Chinese cuisine
- Provincial symbols of Saskatchewan
- Coat of arms of SaskatchewanCoat of arms of SaskatchewanThe first part of the Coat of Arms of the Province of Saskatchewan , was the shield, which was assigned by royal warrant of King Edward VII on 25 August 1906. It uses the provincial colours, green and gold.On the gold chief is a lion passant or leopard, a royal symbol of England...
- Flag of SaskatchewanFlag of SaskatchewanThe flag of Saskatchewan features the armorial bearings in the upper quarter nearest the staff, with the floral emblem, the western red lily, in the fly. The upper green half of the flag represents the northern Saskatchewan forest lands, while the gold lower half symbolizes the southern, prairie...
- Coat of arms of Saskatchewan
- World Heritage SiteWorld Heritage SiteA UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...
s in Saskatchewan
Sports in Saskatchewan
- Main article: Sport in Saskatchewan
- Cricket in Saskatchewan
- Curling in Saskatchewan
- Hockey in Saskatchewan
- Football in Saskatchewan
- Canadian Football LeagueCanadian Football LeagueThe Canadian Football League or CFL is a professional sports league located in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football, a form of gridiron football closely related to American football....
- Saskatchewan RoughridersSaskatchewan RoughridersThe Saskatchewan Roughriders are a Canadian Football League team based in Regina, Saskatchewan. They were founded in 1910. They play their home games at 2940 10th Avenue in Regina, which has been the team's home base for its entire history, even prior to the construction of Mosaic Stadium at Taylor...
- Saskatchewan Roughriders
- Canadian Football League
- Rugby in Saskatchewan
- Skiing in Saskatchewan
- Soccer in Saskatchewan
Economy and infrastructure of Saskatchewan
- Main article: Economy of SaskatchewanEconomy of SaskatchewanThe economy of Saskatchewan has been associated with agriculture resulting in the moniker Bread Basket of Canada and Bread Basket of the World. According to the Government of Saskatchewan, approximately 95% of all items produced in Saskatchewan, depend on the basic resources available within the...
- Agriculture in SaskatchewanAgriculture in SaskatchewanAgriculture in Saskatchewan is the production of various food, feed, or fiber commodities to fulfill domestic and international human and animal sustenance needs. The newest agricultural economy to be developed in renewable biofuel production or agricultural biomass which is marketed as ethanol...
- CurrencyCurrencyIn economics, currency refers to a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply...
of Saskatchewan: - Tourism in SaskatchewanTourism in SaskatchewanThere are numerous heritages and cultural attractions in the province of Saskatchewan. Museums, dinosaur digs, aboriginal cultural and heritage sites, art galleries, professional sport venues, spas, handcraft, antique and tea shops, agricultural tours, theatre and archaeological sites comprise over...
- Transportation in SaskatchewanTransportation in SaskatchewanTransportation in Saskatchewan is the movement of people and goods from one place to another within the province. The term is derived from the Latin trans and portare...
Education in Saskatchewan
- List of Saskatchewan school divisions
- Higher education in SaskatchewanHigher education in SaskatchewanHistorically, Saskatchewan's higher education system has been "significantly shaped" by demographics In 1901, six years prior to the 1907 founding of a university in Saskatchewan, the urban population in Saskatchewan was 14,266 while the rural population was 77,013...
- Colleges in Saskatchewan
- Universities in Saskatchewan
- University of ReginaUniversity of ReginaThe University of Regina is a public research university located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Founded in 1911 as a private denominational high school of the Methodist Church of Canada, it began an association with the University of Saskatchewan as a junior college in 1925, and was disaffiliated...
- University of SaskatchewanUniversity of SaskatchewanThe University of Saskatchewan is a Canadian public research university, founded in 1907, and located on the east side of the South Saskatchewan River in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. An "Act to establish and incorporate a University for the Province of Saskatchewan" was passed by the...
- University of Saskatchewan academicsUniversity of Saskatchewan AcademicsUniversity of Saskatchewan has over 200 academic programs on its Saskatoon, Saskatchewan campus, and is internationally known for its teaching and research. The on-campus synchrotron Canadian Light Source makes it the only Canadian institution for such nuclear and biotechnology research...
- Alumni-related
- List of University of Saskatchewan alumni
- University of Saskatchewan Alumni Association
- University of Saskatchewan Students' UnionUniversity of Saskatchewan Students' UnionThe University of Saskatchewan Students' Union is a students' union that represents undergraduate, extension and certificate students at the University of Saskatchewan...
- University of Saskatchewan academics
- University of Regina
Infrastructure of Saskatchewan
- Health care in Saskatchewan
- Father of medicareFather of medicareSeveral individuals may be recognized as the father of medicare in Canada.*Tommy Douglas forwarded public health insurance as Premier of Saskatchewan from 1944 to 1961 and federal leader of the New Democratic Party from 1961 to 1971. Although Douglas is often credited as the "father of Medicare"...
- Father of medicare
- Transportation in SaskatchewanTransportation in SaskatchewanTransportation in Saskatchewan is the movement of people and goods from one place to another within the province. The term is derived from the Latin trans and portare...
- Airports in Saskatchewan
- Roads in SaskatchewanRoads in SaskatchewanSaskatchewan, the middle of Canada's three prairie provinces, has an area of and population of 990,212 , mostly living in the southern half of the province....
- Railways
See also
- List of basic geography topics
- Index of Saskatchewan-related articles (alphabetical index)
- List of international rankings