Orders of magnitude (voltage) - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

To help compare different orders of magnitude

Order of magnitude

An order of magnitude is the class of scale or magnitude of any amount, where each class contains values of a fixed ratio to the class preceding it. In its most common usage, the amount being scaled is 10 and the scale is the exponent being applied to this amount...

, the following list describes various voltage

Voltage

Voltage, otherwise known as electrical potential difference or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points — or the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points...

levels.

Factor (volt Volt The volt is the SI derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force. The volt is named in honor of the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta , who invented the voltaic pile, possibly the first chemical battery.- Definition :A single volt is defined as the... )	Value	Item
10⁻⁷	0.5 μV	Change in nerve cell potential caused by opening a single acetylcholine receptor Acetylcholine receptor An acetylcholine receptor is an integral membrane protein that responds to the binding of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter.-Classification:... channel
10⁻⁶	2 μV	Noise in an EEG EEG EEG commonly refers to electroencephalography, a measurement of the electrical activity of the brain.EEG may also refer to:* Emperor Entertainment Group, a Hong Kong-based entertainment company... taken at the scalp
10⁻⁵	10-100 μV	Peak-to-peak amplitude of an average EEG EEG EEG commonly refers to electroencephalography, a measurement of the electrical activity of the brain.EEG may also refer to:* Emperor Entertainment Group, a Hong Kong-based entertainment company... taken at the scalp
10⁻⁴	0.5-1 mV	Miniature endplate potentials, spontaneous fluctuations in neuron potentials
10⁻³
10⁻²	~10-50 mV	Ripple voltage in the output of a good DC power supply
10⁻²	75 mV	Nerve cell resting potential Resting potential The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential , as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential....
10⁻¹	0.32 V	Typical voltage reference level in consumer audio electronics (0.316 V rms Root mean square In mathematics, the root mean square , also known as the quadratic mean, is a statistical measure of the magnitude of a varying quantity. It is especially useful when variates are positive and negative, e.g., sinusoids... )
	~0.5 V	Typical MOSFET MOSFET The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor is a transistor used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. The basic principle of this kind of transistor was first patented by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in 1925... threshold voltage Threshold voltage The threshold voltage of a MOSFET is usually defined as the gate voltage where an inversion layer forms at the interface between the insulating layer and the substrate of the transistor. The purpose of the inversion layer's forming is to allow the flow of electrons through the gate-source junction... for modern processes
	~0.7 V	Forward voltage drop of normal silicon diodes Diode In electronics, a diode is a type of two-terminal electronic component with a nonlinear current–voltage characteristic. A semiconductor diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material connected to two electrical terminals...
	0.8-1.0 V	Typical positive supply voltage IC power supply pin Almost all integrated circuits have at least two pins that connect to the power rails of the circuit in which they are installed. These are known as the IC's power supply pins... of a FET
	0.9 V	Voltage of a lemon battery Lemon battery A lemon battery is a device used in experiments proposed in many science textbooks around the world. It is made by inserting two different metallic objects, for example a galvanized nail and a copper coin, into a lemon. The copper coin serves as the positive electrode or cathode and the galvanized... (made with copper Copper Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish... and zinc Zinc Zinc , or spelter , is a metallic chemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is, in some respects, chemically similar to magnesium, because its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2... electrodes)
10⁰	0-3 V	Magnitudes of standard reduction potentials Standard electrode potential In electrochemistry, the standard electrode potential, abbreviated E° or E , is the measure of individual potential of a reversible electrode at standard state, which is with solutes at an effective concentration of 1 mol dm−3, and gases at a pressure of 1 atm... in chemistry
	1.5 V	Voltage produced by an alkaline Alkaline battery Alkaline batteries are a type of primary batteries dependent upon the reaction between zinc and manganese dioxide . A rechargeable alkaline battery allows reuse of specially designed cells.... AA AA battery An AA battery is a standard size of battery. Batteries of this size are the most commonly used type of in portable electronic devices. An AA battery is composed of a single electrochemical cell... , AAA AAA battery A triple A or AAA battery is a standard size of dry cell battery commonly used in portable electronic devices. A carbon-zinc battery in this size is designated by IEC as "R03", by ANSI C18.1 as "24", by old JIS standard as "UM 4", and by other manufacturer and national standard designations that... , C C battery The C battery is a standard size of battery typically used in medium-drain applications such as toys and musical instruments.As of 2007, C batteries accounted for 4% of alkaline primary battery sales in the US... or D battery D battery A D battery is a size of dry cell. A D cell is cylindrical with electrical contacts at each end; the positive end having a nub or bump...
	5 V	Voltage provided by USB Universal Serial Bus USB is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and protocols used in a bus for connection, communication and power supply between computers and electronic devices.... when used as a power source, for example to charge a cell phone or a digital camera
	6 V	A common voltage for medium-size electric lanterns Lantern battery A lantern battery is a rectangular, alkaline or zinc-carbon primary battery used primarily in flashlights or lanterns. Lantern batteries are physically larger and consequently offer higher capacity than the more common torch batteries... . A voltage for older electric systems of automobile Automobile An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor... s.
10¹	12 V	Voltage produced by a typical car battery Car battery An automotive battery is a type of rechargeable battery that supplies electric energy to an automobile. Usually this refers to an SLI battery to power the starter motor, the lights, and the ignition system of a vehicle’s engine...
10²	110–240 V	Voltage provided by domestic wall socket power
10²	630 V	Voltage used in London Underground London Underground The London Underground is a rapid transit system serving a large part of Greater London and some parts of Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Essex in England... railway tracks
10³	2450 V	Voltage used to execute criminals in the electric chair Electric chair Execution by electrocution, usually performed using an electric chair, is an execution method originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes placed on the body... in Nebraska Nebraska Nebraska is a state on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. The state's capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha, on the Missouri River....
	3–10 kV	Voltage of an electric fence Electric fence An electric fence is a barrier that uses electric shocks to deter animals or people from crossing a boundary. The voltage of the shock may have effects ranging from uncomfortable, to painful or even lethal...
	3–35 kV	Accelerating voltage for a typical television cathode ray tube Cathode ray tube The cathode ray tube is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun and a fluorescent screen used to view images. It has a means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam onto the fluorescent screen to create the images. The image may represent electrical waveforms , pictures , radar targets and...
	3300 V	Common early urban distribution voltage for grid electricity in the UK United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages... (still used for many industrial overhead cable distribution systems)
	4160-34500 V	Typical voltages in North America for distribution of power from distribution substations to end users
10⁴	25 kV	European high-speed train High-speed rail in Europe High-speed rail is emerging in Europe as an increasingly popular and efficient means of transport. The first high-speed rail lines in Europe, built in the 1980s and 1990s, improved travel times on intra-national corridors. Since then, several countries have built extensive high-speed networks,... overhead power lines
10⁴	69-230 kV	Voltage range used in North American power high-voltage High voltage The term high voltage characterizes electrical circuits in which the voltage used is the cause of particular safety concerns and insulation requirements... transmission substations Electrical substation A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions...
10⁵	345-800 kV	Voltage range used in EHV power transmission systems
10⁵	800 kV	Lowest voltage used by ultra-high voltage High voltage The term high voltage characterizes electrical circuits in which the voltage used is the cause of particular safety concerns and insulation requirements... (UHV) power transmission systems
10⁶	3 MV	Voltage used by the ultra-high voltage electron microscope Electron microscope An electron microscope is a type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to illuminate the specimen and produce a magnified image. Electron microscopes have a greater resolving power than a light-powered optical microscope, because electrons have wavelengths about 100,000 times shorter than... at Osaka University Osaka University , or , is a major national university located in Osaka, Japan. It is the sixth oldest university in Japan as the Osaka Prefectural Medical College, and formerly one of the Imperial Universities of Japan...
10⁷	25.5 MV	The largest man-made voltage - produced in a Van de Graaff generator Van de Graaff generator A Van de Graaff generator is an electrostatic generator which uses a moving belt to accumulate very high voltages on a hollow metal globe on the top of the stand. It was invented in 1929 by American physicist Robert J. Van de Graaff. The potential differences achieved in modern Van de Graaff... at Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a multiprogram science and technology national laboratory managed for the United States Department of Energy by UT-Battelle. ORNL is the DOE's largest science and energy laboratory. ORNL is located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, near Knoxville...
10⁸	100 MV	The potential difference between the ends of a typical lightning Lightning Lightning is an atmospheric electrostatic discharge accompanied by thunder, which typically occurs during thunderstorms, and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or dust storms... bolt
10¹⁵	7 PV	Voltage around a particular energetic highly magnetized rotating neutron star Pulsar A pulsar is a highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation. The radiation can only be observed when the beam of emission is pointing towards the Earth. This is called the lighthouse effect and gives rise to the pulsed nature that gives pulsars their name...

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