North Coast Road (Java)
Encyclopedia
The North Coast Road is the name for the road, 1,430 km in length, that connects Merak
and Banyuwangi
on the northern beach
of Java
, particularly between Jakarta
and Surabaya
.
The most part of Java north coast road was built during the reign of governor-general of the Dutch East Indies
Herman Willem Daendels
(1808–1811) and was originally known as the Great Post Road
road which was built under the order of King Lodewijk Napoleon who ruled Holland at that time. the road was intended to ease military support, e.g. transfer of soldiers, in order to defend Java
from possible British
invasion. It connects Anyer in western end and Panarukan in eastern end of Java. After Daendels rule, the eastern road was later extended to Banyuwangi
. The Java Great Post Road consist the most parts of present Java North Coast Road. However the original post road
is runs through Preanger (Priangan, West Java
) highland, from Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) went south to Buitenzorg (Bogor
), and went east to Cianjur
, Bandung
, Sumedang
, and Cirebon
. The current north coast road runs through coastal northern West Java which built later after the construction of Daendels' post road. It connects Bekasi
, Karawang
, Pamanukan, and Cirebon.
Most of today national road network in Java was built during Dutch East Indies
era. However during Suharto era around 1980s, the toll road
network system was introduced within the whole Java transportation network. The Java toll network highway is continuously expanded, and today some of these toll roads formed Java north coast road.
, present day Banten
, but formerly West Java to Panarukan, East Java, but later was extended to Banyuwangi
. In its current form the North Coast Road extends through five provinces
: Banten
, DKI Jakarta, West Java
, Central Java
and East Java
. The western end begins at the port of Merak, connecting with Bakauheni in Sumatra
, the southern end of the Trans-Sumatran Highway
. The eastern end begins at Ketapang, connecting with Gilimanuk in Bali
. Sections of the North Coast Road are going to be part of the 13,177 km route of the Asian Highway Network
route, which links Denpasar
, Bali with Khosravi
, Iran
, since some of the is still under construction. is a freeway which is limited only for vehicles having at least 4 tires.
Beside of that, North Coast Road also comprises the National Highway which opens to any vehicles.
, Tangerang
, Bekasi
, Cirebon
, Tegal
, Pekalongan
, Semarang
, Rembang, Tuban
, Surabaya, Pasuruan
, Probolinggo
and Banyuwangi.
The North Coast Road is a major artery during the celebration of the Lebaran holiday, where transit is primarily east to west.
In Cikampek, there is a branch to Bandung
(and cities of West Java
in the southern part). In Tegal
, there is a branch to Purwokerto
(and the cities of Central Java
in the southern part). In Semarang, there is a branch to east (Surabaya-Banyuwangi) and to the south (Solo
-Madiun
)
Merak
Merak is a city and seaport in Cilegon, Banten, on the northwestern tip of Java, Indonesia. The port and town are named after the Green Peafowl, which once lived in the region, but is now very rare...
and Banyuwangi
Banyuwangi
The Regency of Banyuwangi is located at the easternmost end of the Indonesian island of Java and it is a very strategic area for those who want to go to Bali, since it also serves as an important ferry port between Java and Bali. It is surrounded by mountains and forests to the west; by sea to the...
on the northern beach
Beach
A beach is a geological landform along the shoreline of an ocean, sea, lake or river. It usually consists of loose particles which are often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles or cobblestones...
of Java
Java
Java is an island of Indonesia. With a population of 135 million , it is the world's most populous island, and one of the most densely populated regions in the world. It is home to 60% of Indonesia's population. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is in west Java...
, particularly between Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
and Surabaya
Surabaya
Surabaya is Indonesia's second-largest city with a population of over 2.7 million , and the capital of the province of East Java...
.
The most part of Java north coast road was built during the reign of governor-general of the Dutch East Indies
Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
The Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies represented the Dutch rule in the Dutch East Indies between 1610 and Dutch recognition of the independence of Indonesia in 1949.The first Governors-General were appointed by the Dutch East India Company...
Herman Willem Daendels
Herman Willem Daendels
Herman Willem Daendels was a Dutch politician who served as the 36th Governor General of the Dutch East Indies between 1808 and 1811....
(1808–1811) and was originally known as the Great Post Road
Great Post Road
The Great Post Road , is the name for the historical road that runs across Java that connects Anyer and Panarukan. It was built during the reign of governor-general of the Dutch East Indies Herman Willem Daendels .-Construction:...
History of construction
The Great Post Road was a militaryMilitary
A military is an organization authorized by its greater society to use lethal force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or perceived threats. The military may have additional functions of use to its greater society, such as advancing a political agenda e.g...
road which was built under the order of King Lodewijk Napoleon who ruled Holland at that time. the road was intended to ease military support, e.g. transfer of soldiers, in order to defend Java
Java
Java is an island of Indonesia. With a population of 135 million , it is the world's most populous island, and one of the most densely populated regions in the world. It is home to 60% of Indonesia's population. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is in west Java...
from possible British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
invasion. It connects Anyer in western end and Panarukan in eastern end of Java. After Daendels rule, the eastern road was later extended to Banyuwangi
Banyuwangi
The Regency of Banyuwangi is located at the easternmost end of the Indonesian island of Java and it is a very strategic area for those who want to go to Bali, since it also serves as an important ferry port between Java and Bali. It is surrounded by mountains and forests to the west; by sea to the...
. The Java Great Post Road consist the most parts of present Java North Coast Road. However the original post road
Post road
For other uses, see Post Road .A post road is a road designated for the transportation of postal mail. In past centuries only major towns had a post house, and the roads used by post riders or mail coaches to carry mail among them were particularly important ones or, due to the special attention...
is runs through Preanger (Priangan, West Java
West Java
West Java , with a population of over 43 million, is the most populous and most densely populated province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, it is slightly smaller in area than densely populated Taiwan, but with nearly double the population...
) highland, from Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) went south to Buitenzorg (Bogor
Bogor
Bogor is a city on the island of Java in the West Java province of Indonesia. The city is located in the center of the Bogor Regency , 60 kilometers south of the Indonesian capital Jakarta...
), and went east to Cianjur
Cianjur
Cianjur is a city in the West Java province of Indonesia, the capital of Cianjur Regency. Cianjur is located in the middle of the main road between Jakarta and Bandung . The population is about 146,874...
, Bandung
Bandung
Bandung is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, and the country's third largest city, and 2nd largest metropolitan area in Indonesia, with a population of 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 metres above sea level, approximately 140 km southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler...
, Sumedang
Sumedang
Sumedang is a town in West Java, Indonesia, approximately 35 km northeast of Bandung.The town is famous for tahu Bungkeng, a local variety of deep fried tofu which was first made by a Chinese immigrant, Ong Kino....
, and Cirebon
Cirebon
Cirebon is a port city on the north coast of the Indonesian island of Java. It is located in the province of West Java near the provincial border with Central Java, approximately 297 km east of Jakarta, at .The seat of a former Sultanate, the city's West and Central Java border location have...
. The current north coast road runs through coastal northern West Java which built later after the construction of Daendels' post road. It connects Bekasi
Bekasi
Bekasi is a city in West Java, Indonesia, located on the eastern border of Jakarta in the Jabodetabek metropolitan region. To the south is Bogor Regency, east is Bekasi Regency....
, Karawang
Karawang
Karawang is the capital of the Karawang Regency of West Java, Indonesia. It is located 32 miles east of Jakarta. Karawang has a population of 2,150,610 ....
, Pamanukan, and Cirebon.
Most of today national road network in Java was built during Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Netherlands government in 1800....
era. However during Suharto era around 1980s, the toll road
Toll road
A toll road is a privately or publicly built road for which a driver pays a toll for use. Structures for which tolls are charged include toll bridges and toll tunnels. Non-toll roads are financed using other sources of revenue, most typically fuel tax or general tax funds...
network system was introduced within the whole Java transportation network. The Java toll network highway is continuously expanded, and today some of these toll roads formed Java north coast road.
Extent
The road originally ran from AnyerAnyer
Anyer is a town in Banten, formerly West Java, Indonesia, fifteen kilometres south of Merak. It is home of a forty metre lighthouse built by King Willem III of the Netherlands in 1885 as a memorial for the townspeople killed by the eruption of Krakatau, which destroyed the town.It is also the...
, present day Banten
Banten
Banten is a province of Indonesia in Java. Formerly part of the Province of West Java, it was made a separate province in 2000.The administrative center is Serang. Preliminary results from the 2010 census counted some 10.6 million people.-Geography:...
, but formerly West Java to Panarukan, East Java, but later was extended to Banyuwangi
Banyuwangi
The Regency of Banyuwangi is located at the easternmost end of the Indonesian island of Java and it is a very strategic area for those who want to go to Bali, since it also serves as an important ferry port between Java and Bali. It is surrounded by mountains and forests to the west; by sea to the...
. In its current form the North Coast Road extends through five provinces
Provinces of Indonesia
The province is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. Each province has its own local government, headed by a governor, and has its own legislative body...
: Banten
Banten
Banten is a province of Indonesia in Java. Formerly part of the Province of West Java, it was made a separate province in 2000.The administrative center is Serang. Preliminary results from the 2010 census counted some 10.6 million people.-Geography:...
, DKI Jakarta, West Java
West Java
West Java , with a population of over 43 million, is the most populous and most densely populated province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, it is slightly smaller in area than densely populated Taiwan, but with nearly double the population...
, Central Java
Central Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
and East Java
East Java
East Java is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and includes neighboring Madura and islands to its east and to its north East Java is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and includes neighboring Madura and...
. The western end begins at the port of Merak, connecting with Bakauheni in Sumatra
Sumatra
Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia , and the sixth largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 with a population of 50,365,538...
, the southern end of the Trans-Sumatran Highway
Trans-Sumatran Highway
The Trans-Sumatran Highway is a primarily north-south road in the Indonesian island of Sumatra, 2,508.5 km long, and connecting the north of the island in Banda Aceh to Bandar Lampung in the south, running through many major cities, including Medan and Padang on the way.The road is a major...
. The eastern end begins at Ketapang, connecting with Gilimanuk in Bali
Bali
Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east...
. Sections of the North Coast Road are going to be part of the 13,177 km route of the Asian Highway Network
Asian Highway Network
The Asian Highway project, also known as the Great Asian Highway, is a cooperative project among countries in Asia and Europe and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific , to improve the highway systems in Asia...
route, which links Denpasar
Denpasar
Denpasar is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia. It has a rapidly expanding population of 788,445 in 2010, up from 533,252 in the previous decade. It is located at .-History:...
, Bali with Khosravi
Khosravi
Khosravi is a town in the eastern mountains of Iraq near the border with Iran. Its elevation is 2100m.- External links :*...
, Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
, since some of the is still under construction. is a freeway which is limited only for vehicles having at least 4 tires.
Beside of that, North Coast Road also comprises the National Highway which opens to any vehicles.
Cities
The road connects the largest cities in Java, including Jakarta, CilegonCilegon
Cilegon is a major coastal industrial city in Banten province, Indonesia, covering 175.51 sqkm and has an official intercensal estimated population of 338,027 for 2007...
, Tangerang
Tangerang
Tangerang is a city in the Province of Banten, Indonesia. It is located about 25 km west of Jakarta. It is the third largest urban center in the Jabotabek region after Jakarta and Bekasi. It has an area of 164.54 km² and an official intercensal estimated population of 1,537,244 for 2005...
, Bekasi
Bekasi
Bekasi is a city in West Java, Indonesia, located on the eastern border of Jakarta in the Jabodetabek metropolitan region. To the south is Bogor Regency, east is Bekasi Regency....
, Cirebon
Cirebon
Cirebon is a port city on the north coast of the Indonesian island of Java. It is located in the province of West Java near the provincial border with Central Java, approximately 297 km east of Jakarta, at .The seat of a former Sultanate, the city's West and Central Java border location have...
, Tegal
Tegal
Tegal is the largest city in the Tegal Regency, Indonesia. It is situated on the north coast of Central Java, about from Semarang, capital of Central Java....
, Pekalongan
Pekalongan
Pekalongan is a city and seat of Pekalongan Regency on the northern coast of Central Java, Indonesia. The city is Central Java's most important port, and is known for its batik.-History:The history of Pekalongan dated back to the early 12th century...
, Semarang
Semarang
- Economy :The western part of the city is home to many industrial parks and factories. The port of Semarang is located on the north coast and it is the main shipping port for the province of Central Java. Many small manufacturers are located in Semarang, producing goods such as textiles,...
, Rembang, Tuban
Tuban
Tuban is a town located on the north coast of Java, in Tuban Regency, approximately 100 km west of Surabaya, the capital of East Java. Tuban is surrounded by Lamongan in the east, Bojonegoro in the south and Rembang, Central Java in the west....
, Surabaya, Pasuruan
Pasuruan
Pasuruan is a city and regency of East Java, Java....
, Probolinggo
Probolinggo
Probolinggo is a city on the north coast of East Java, Indonesia.Like most of northern East Java, the city has a large Madurese population in addition to many ethnically Javanese people...
and Banyuwangi.
Toll roads
Six toll roads connect:- Tangerang-Merak Toll Road (BantenBantenBanten is a province of Indonesia in Java. Formerly part of the Province of West Java, it was made a separate province in 2000.The administrative center is Serang. Preliminary results from the 2010 census counted some 10.6 million people.-Geography:...
) - Jakarta-Tangerang Toll RoadJakarta-Tangerang Toll RoadThis toll road connects Jakarta with Tangerang. It is the main road for workers who live in the western Jakarta area.-Fee:All the fees are in Rupiah. Decision from Minister of Public Work: 370/KPTS/M/2007 31 August 2007.-External links:**...
(BantenBantenBanten is a province of Indonesia in Java. Formerly part of the Province of West Java, it was made a separate province in 2000.The administrative center is Serang. Preliminary results from the 2010 census counted some 10.6 million people.-Geography:...
) - Jakarta-Cikampek Toll RoadJakarta-Cikampek Toll RoadJakarta-Cikampek toll road opened on 1988. The road links Jakarta and cities in West Java. On 2005, the toll road connects Bandung and Jakarta via Cipularang Toll Road. The interchange to Bandung built before Kalihurip exit...
(Karawang) - Palimanan-Kanci Toll Road (Cirebon)
- Kanci-Pejagan Toll Road (Brebes)
- Semarang Inner Toll Road
- Surabaya-Gresik Toll Road
- Surabaya-Gempol Toll Road (Sidoarjo), ends in Porong because of Lapindo Mudflow.
Volume and hazards
This road is a major route for land transportation, being used by a range of 20,000 to 70,000 vehicles daily. However the state of the road varies in condition which can seriously affect traffic flowThe North Coast Road is a major artery during the celebration of the Lebaran holiday, where transit is primarily east to west.
In Cikampek, there is a branch to Bandung
Bandung
Bandung is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, and the country's third largest city, and 2nd largest metropolitan area in Indonesia, with a population of 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 metres above sea level, approximately 140 km southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler...
(and cities of West Java
West Java
West Java , with a population of over 43 million, is the most populous and most densely populated province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, it is slightly smaller in area than densely populated Taiwan, but with nearly double the population...
in the southern part). In Tegal
Tegal
Tegal is the largest city in the Tegal Regency, Indonesia. It is situated on the north coast of Central Java, about from Semarang, capital of Central Java....
, there is a branch to Purwokerto
Purwokerto
Purwokerto is a city on the island of Java in Indonesia. It is the capital of Banyumas Regency, Central Java region. The estimated population of the city in 2005 was 249,705.-Geography:...
(and the cities of Central Java
Central Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
in the southern part). In Semarang, there is a branch to east (Surabaya-Banyuwangi) and to the south (Solo
Surakarta
Surakarta, also called Solo or Sala, is a city in Central Java, Indonesia of more than 520,061 people with a population density of 11,811.5 people/km2. The 44 km2 city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and...
-Madiun
Madiun
Madiun is a city in the western part of the province of East Java Indonesia, an agricultural centre. It is the capital of the regency of the same name....
)