Mount Talinis, also known as the Cuernos de Negros (Horns of Negros), is a complex volcano

Complex volcano

A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano, is a volcano with more than one feature. They form because changes of their eruptive characteristics or the location of multiple vents in an area...

 in the Philippine

Philippines

The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

 province

Provinces of the Philippines

The Provinces of the Philippines are the primary political and administrative divisions of the Philippines. There are 80 provinces at present, further subdivided into component cities and municipalities. The National Capital Region, as well as independent cities, are autonomous from any provincial...

 of Negros Oriental

Negros Oriental

Negros Oriental is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region. It occupies the south-eastern half of the island of Negros, with Negros Occidental comprising the north-western half. It also includes Apo Island — a popular dive site for both local and foreign tourists...

. At about 1903 metres (6,243.4 ft) above sea level, it is the second highest mountain on Negros Island after Mt. Kanla-on

Kanlaon

Kanlaon Volcano, also spelled as Kanla-on or Canlaon, is an active volcano on Negros island in central Philippines. The stratovolcano straddles the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental, approximately southeast of Bacolod City, the capital and most populous city of Negros...

. The volcano is located 9 km (5.6 mi) southwest of the municipality of Valencia

Valencia, Negros Oriental

Valencia is a first class municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. It is located 9.4 kilometre west of Dumaguete, the largest city and capital of the province. According to the national 2000 census, Valencia has a population of 24,365 people in 4,860 households. Valencia has a...

; and from Dumaguete City, the capital of the province, 20 km (12.4 mi).

Geology

Cuernos de Negros is classified by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis, as well as other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in...

 as a potentially active volcano

Volcano

2. Bedrock3. Conduit 4. Base5. Sill6. Dike7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano8. Flank| 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano10. Throat11. Parasitic cone12. Lava flow13. Vent14. Crater15...

 forming part of the Negros Volcanic Belt. Andesite

Andesite

Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between basalt and dacite. The mineral assemblage is typically dominated by plagioclase plus pyroxene and/or hornblende. Magnetite,...

 and basalt

Basalt

Basalt is a common extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually grey to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet. It may be porphyritic containing larger crystals in a fine matrix, or vesicular, or frothy scoria. Unweathered basalt is black or grey...

 are the most abundant rocks found on the mountain. With a base diameter of 36 kilometres (22.4 mi), the volcanic complex is compose of several volcanic cones and peaks, the most prominent of which are Talinis, Cuernos de Negros, Guinsayawan, Yagumyum Peak and Guintabon Dome. The mountain range is very fumarolic

Fumarole

A fumarole is an opening in a planet's crust, often in the neighborhood of volcanoes, which emits steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen sulfide. The steam is created when superheated water turns to steam as its pressure drops when it emerges from...

 with several solfataras and steam vents located on its slope that it is harnessed to generate electricity. The Southern Negros Geothermal Production Field in Palinpinon generates 192.5 MW.

Tourism

Cuernos de Negros volcanic complex is popular with visitors for the natural beauty of the forest and many volcanic lakes

Crater lake

A crater lake is a lake that forms in a volcanic crater or caldera, such as a maar; less commonly and with lower association to the term a lake may form in an impact crater caused by a meteorite. Sometimes lakes which form inside calderas are called caldera lakes, but often this distinction is not...

 surrounded by mountains.

Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park

Within the volcano complex is the Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park, a national park established on November 21, 2000 by Proclamation No. 414. It is a most visited park of which the twin crater lakes of Balinsasayao

Lake Balinsasayao

Lake Balinsasayao is one of two small but deep crater lakes rising above sea level located west of the town of Sibulan in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. It lies northwest of a narrow mountain ridge, situated in a caldera between four mountains, Mount Mahungot to the south, Mount...

 and Danao

Lake Danao (Negros)

Lake Danao is the smaller of the two lakes located in Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park in the southern part of Negros Oriental, Philippines; the other being Lake Balinsasayao. The lakes and its surrounding were designated as a protected area by Proclamation No. 414 on November 21, 2000...

 are located, separated only by a narrow mountain ridge. Lake Kabalin-an, a smaller lake, is located before the two lakes. All three lakes are located within the Guintabon Caldera.

Hiking Mount Talinis

Mt. Talinis is easily climbed via nature trails that start in Bidjao, Dauin and Aplong, Valencia. Between Mount Yagumyum and main mountain of Cuernos de Negros is Lake Yagumyum and near the summit are the crater lakes, Lake Nailig and Lake Mabilog.

Biodiversity

The region of Mt. Talinis has a rich biodiversity

Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. Biodiversity is a measure of the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity is in part a function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical regions are typically rich whereas polar regions...

 that is threatened by illegal logging, "kaingin", increased tourist activity and the gradual build-up of houses near its forested areas. The lakes around Mt. Talinis contain freshwater shrimp

Shrimp

Shrimp are swimming, decapod crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. Adult shrimp are filter feeding benthic animals living close to the bottom. They can live in schools and can swim rapidly backwards. Shrimp are an important...

, snail

Snail

Snail is a common name applied to most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage. When the word is used in its most general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. The word snail without any qualifier is however more often...

s, carp

Carp

Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. The cypriniformes are traditionally grouped with the Characiformes, Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes to create the superorder Ostariophysi, since these groups have certain...

 and tilapia

Tilapia

Tilapia , is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the tilapiine cichlid tribe. Tilapia inhabit a variety of fresh water habitats, including shallow streams, ponds, rivers and lakes. Historically, they have been of major importance in artisan fishing in Africa and the...

 species, and its forest system is home to endemic and rare wildlife

Wildlife

Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms. Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative....

. There are 91 tree species, 18 of which are commercially important, including Alphonsea arborea

Alphonsea

Alphonsea is a genus of plant in family Annonaceae. It contains the following species :* Alphonsea curtisii, King* Alphonsea hainanensis, Merr. & Chun* Alphonsea kingii, Sinclair* Alphonsea lucida, King...

, Elaeocarpus monocera

Elaeocarpus

Elaeocarpus is a genus of tropical and subtropical evergreen trees and shrubs. The approximately 350 species are distributed from Madagascar in the west through India, Southeast Asia, Malaysia, southern China, and Japan, through Australia to New Zealand, Fiji, and Hawaii in the east. The islands of...

, Pometia pinnata

Sapindaceae

Sapindaceae, also known as the soapberry family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales. There are about 140-150 genera with 1400-2000 species, including maple, horse chestnut and lychee....

, and Phyllocladus hypophyllus

Phyllocladus hypophyllus

Phyllocladus hypophyllus is a species of conifer in the Podocarpaceae family.It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Papua New Guinea.-References:* Conifer Specialist Group 1998. . Downloaded on 10 July 2007....

 and Tigerwood

Tigerwood

Tigerwood may refer to several species of trees:* Coula edulis, a tree species native to tropical western Africa from Sierra Leone to Angola* Lovoa trichilioides, a tree species found in Africa* Goncalo alves, several species found in Brazil...

. Other notable flora include wild orchids, edible berries and, broad-leafed tree ferns.

Common fauna

Fauna

Fauna or faunæ is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is flora.Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert fauna" or the "Burgess shale fauna"...

 include boar

Boar

Wild boar, also wild pig, is a species of the pig genus Sus, part of the biological family Suidae. The species includes many subspecies. It is the wild ancestor of the domestic pig, an animal with which it freely hybridises...

s, civet

Civet

The family Viverridae is made up of around 30 species of medium-sized mammal, including all of the genets, the binturong, most of the civets, and the two African linsangs....

s, chicken

Chicken

The chicken is a domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the Red Junglefowl. As one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, and with a population of more than 24 billion in 2003, there are more chickens in the world than any other species of bird...

s, pigeons, monkey

Monkey

A monkey is a primate, either an Old World monkey or a New World monkey. There are about 260 known living species of monkey. Many are arboreal, although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as baboons. Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent. Unlike apes, monkeys...

s, sunbird

Sunbird

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are a family, Nectariniidae, of very small passerine birds. There are 132 species in 15 genera. The family is distributed throughout Africa, southern Asia and just reaches northern Australia. Most sunbirds feed largely on nectar, but also take insects and spiders,...

s, monitor lizard

Monitor lizard

Monitor lizards are usually large reptiles, although some can be as small as in length. They have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs. Most species are terrestrial, but arboreal and semiaquatic monitors are also known...

s, Bar-bellied Cuckoo-shrike

Bar-bellied Cuckoo-shrike

The Bar-bellied Cuckooshrike is a species of bird in the Campephagidae family.It is found in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand....

s, Leopard cat

Leopard Cat

The leopard cat is a small wild cat of South and East Asia. Since 2002 it has been listed as Least Concern by IUCN as it is widely distributed but threatened by habitat loss and hunting in parts of its range...

s, and the brown weaver ant

Weaver ant

Weaver ants or Green ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae . Weaver ants are obligately arboreal and are known for their unique nest building behaviour where workers construct nests by weaving together leaves using larval silk...

. Some of the endangered and rare animals are Tarictic Hornbill

Tarictic Hornbill

The Tarictic Hornbill is a hornbill found in rainforests on the islands of Panay, Negros, Masbate, and Guimaras, and formerly Ticao, in the Philippines...

s, Philippine Spotted Deer

Philippine Spotted Deer

The Visayan Spotted Deer , also known as the Philippine Spotted Deer, is a nocturnal and endangered species of deer located primarily in the rainforests of the Visayan islands of Panay and Negros though it once roamed other islands such as Cebu, Guimaras, Leyte, Masbate, and Samar...

s, Visayan Warty Pig

Visayan warty pig

The Visayan Warty Pig, Sus cebifrons, is a critically endangered species of pig. The Visayan warty pig is endemic to two of the Visayan Islands in the central Philippines, and is threatened by habitat loss, food shortages and hunting - these are the leading causes of the Visayan Warty Pig's status...

s, Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat

Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat

The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is a species of megabat in the Pteropodidae family. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...

s, and Negros Bleeding-heart

Negros Bleeding-heart

Negros Bleeding-heart is a species of pigeon endemic to the Philippines where it is found on the islands of Negros and Panay.This species has an extremely small, severely fragmented population...

s.

See also

• Active volcanos in the Philippines
• Potentially active volcanos in the Philippines
• Inactive volcanos in the Philippines
• Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
  Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
  The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis, as well as other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in...
  
  
• Lakes in the Philippines
  Lakes in the Philippines
  The origin of most of the lakes in the Philippines is closely related to volcanic and seismic activity. A number of smaller lakes occupy the craters of extinct volcanoes. Some lake basins are developed by subsidence resultant upon plate tectonics or volcanic activity...
  
  

External links

• Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) Cuernos de Negros Page
• Cuernos de Negros on Global Volcanism Program
• Hiking Mt. Talinis from Pinoy Mountaineer: Guide to Hiking in the Philippines