Minuscule 481
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 481 ε 1017 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 10th century.
Scrivener labeled it by number 569.
The manuscript has complex contents.
s on 218 parchment leaves (size ). It is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page.
It is clean and elegant copy; before each Gospel is a picture of its writer, of no very high order of art, but curious enough. The half page of writing erased at the end of the Gospel of John.
It is one of the very few manuscripts that are destitute of Liturgical apparatus. The style of the handwriting is unformed, the absence of all notes, κεφαλαια (chapters), etc. The only traces of which are red capitals in the marginal mark at John 13:31. The breathings and accents are complete and tolerably correct. There is no ι subscriptum
but ι adscriptum
in Mark 14:14; John 5:22 and in few other places. Itacisms
are more frequent than in Codex 470
. Erasures and corrections by a later hand exist, but are not very frequent. One of the most remarkable errors of scribe Scrivener noticed in Mark 2:12 and Mark 6:55 – κραβατγον (instead of κραβαττον).
Two inscriptions state that it belonged in 1809 to the Library of St. Laurence in the Escurial.
It contains portraits of Evangelists.
. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Iκ (Family Π). Aland
placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Kx
in Luke 10 and Luke 20. In Luke 1 it belongs to the family Πa.
The text of Luke 22:43.44
is marked by an obelus
(÷).
The manuscript was held in Escorial, then it belonged to Charles Burney
, as codices 480
, 482
, 484
, 485
, and ℓ 184
. It was purchased to the British Museum
in 1818.
The manuscript was examined and collated by Scrivener
, who published its text in 1852. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener.
It is currently housed at the British Library
(Burney 19) in London
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 10th century.
Scrivener labeled it by number 569.
The manuscript has complex contents.
Description
The codex contains the text of the GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on 218 parchment leaves (size ). It is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page.
It is clean and elegant copy; before each Gospel is a picture of its writer, of no very high order of art, but curious enough. The half page of writing erased at the end of the Gospel of John.
It is one of the very few manuscripts that are destitute of Liturgical apparatus. The style of the handwriting is unformed, the absence of all notes, κεφαλαια (chapters), etc. The only traces of which are red capitals in the marginal mark at John 13:31. The breathings and accents are complete and tolerably correct. There is no ι subscriptum
Iota subscript
Iota subscript in Greek polytonic orthography is a way of writing the letter iota as a small vertical stroke beneath a vowel. It was used in the so-called "long diphthongs" in Ancient Greek, that is, diphthongs the first part of which is a long vowel: and...
but ι adscriptum
Iota adscript
In Greek polytonic orthography, the iota adscript is a iota written after a long vowel in a long diphthong, as opposed to below the vowel as a small vertical stroke ....
in Mark 14:14; John 5:22 and in few other places. Itacisms
Iotacism
Iotacism is the process by which a number of vowels and diphthongs in Ancient Greek converged in pronunciation so that they all sound like iota in Modern Greek....
are more frequent than in Codex 470
Minuscule 470
Minuscule 470 , α 136 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Scrivener labelled it number 509...
. Erasures and corrections by a later hand exist, but are not very frequent. One of the most remarkable errors of scribe Scrivener noticed in Mark 2:12 and Mark 6:55 – κραβατγον (instead of κραβαττον).
Two inscriptions state that it belonged in 1809 to the Library of St. Laurence in the Escurial.
It contains portraits of Evangelists.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Iκ (Family Π). Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
in Luke 10 and Luke 20. In Luke 1 it belongs to the family Πa.
The text of Luke 22:43.44
Christ's agony at Gethsemane
Christ's agony at Gethsemane is a passage in the Gospel of Luke , describing a prayer of Jesus, after which he receives strength from an angel, on the Mount of Olives prior to his betrayal and arrest...
is marked by an obelus
Obelus
An obelus is a symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and below. It is mainly used to represent the mathematical operation of division. It is therefore commonly referred to as the division sign.- History :The word "obelus" comes from the Greek word for a sharpened stick,...
(÷).
History
Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 10th century.The manuscript was held in Escorial, then it belonged to Charles Burney
Charles Burney
Charles Burney FRS was an English music historian and father of authors Frances Burney and Sarah Burney.-Life and career:...
, as codices 480
Minuscule 480
Minuscule 480 , δ 462 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1366. The manuscript is lacunose....
, 482
Minuscule 482
Minuscule 482 , ε 1017 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1285 ....
, 484
Minuscule 484
Minuscule 484 , ε 322 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on thick cotton paper . Dated by a Colophon to the year 1291/1292....
, 485
Minuscule 485
Minuscule 485 , ε 247 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, and ℓ 184
Lectionary 184
Lectionary 184, designated by siglum ℓ 184 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Westcott and Hort labelled it by 39e, Scrivener by 259e...
. It was purchased to the British Museum
British Museum
The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London. Its collections, which number more than seven million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its...
in 1818.
The manuscript was examined and collated by Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
The Reverend Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, LL.D. was an important text critic of the New Testament and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible...
, who published its text in 1852. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener.
It is currently housed at the British Library
British Library
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom, and is the world's largest library in terms of total number of items. The library is a major research library, holding over 150 million items from every country in the world, in virtually all known languages and in many formats,...
(Burney 19) in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- F. H. A. Scrivener, A Full and Exact Collation of About 20 Greek Manuscripts of the Holy Gospels (Cambridge and London, 1852), p. XLVIII. (as o)
- Frederic G. KenyonFrederic G. KenyonSir Frederic George Kenyon GBE KCB TD FBA FSA was a British paleographer and biblical and classical scholar. He occupied from 1889 to 1931 a series of posts at the British Museum...
, Facsimiles of Biblical Manuscripts in the British Museum (London, 1900), VI
External links
- Burney 19 at the British Library