Minuscule 22
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 22 ε 288 (Soden), known also as Codex Colbertinus 2467. It is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, written on vellum. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 12th century. Formerly it was assigned to the 11th century (Tregelles
, Scrivener
). It has marginalia
, it was adapted for liturgical use.
s on 232 parchment leaves (26 cm by 19 cm) with some lacunae
(Matthew 1:1-2:2; 4:19-5:25; John 14:22-16:27). The text is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page , in black ink, the initial letters in gold ink.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the Ammonian Sections
(in Matthew 355, in Mark 233), whose numbers are given at the margin, with references to the Eusebian Canons (partially). The references to the Eusebian Canons are incomplete.
It contains tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel. In the 16th century lectionary markings were added at the margin (for liturgical use). The manuscript has a comment about the authenticity of Mark 16:9-20
. The manuscript is free from errors of itacism
and errors by "homoioteleuton", and very carefully accentuated. Some leaves are dislocated.
it is a representative of the Caesarean text-type
, but according to Kurt Aland
it has some the Byzantine text-type
element, though it is not pure Byzantine manuscript. Aland
did not place it in any of Categories of New Testament manuscripts
. D. A. Black
classified it as the Caesarean text. The text is in close relationship to the textual family f1
but it does not belong to this group.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual group 22b in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20 as a core member. Wisse listed 22, 134
, 149
, 351
(part), 1192, and 1210 as members of group 22b.
Matthew 10:12 (see Luke 10:5)
I has some remarkable readings. In Matthew 27:9 it has unique textual variant ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ζαχαρίου τοῦ προφήτου (fulfilled what was spoken by Zachariah the prophet). The reading is supported only by some Syriac manuscripts. Another manuscripts usually have "Jeremiah".
, Scholz (only 96 verses), F. H. A. Scrivener, and C. R. Gregory. H. A. Sanders gave full a collation of the manuscript in 1914. It was examined and described by Paulin Martin
. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885.
It is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
(Gr. 72) at Paris
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, written on vellum. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 12th century. Formerly it was assigned to the 11th century (Tregelles
Samuel Prideaux Tregelles
Samuel Prideaux Tregelles was an English biblical scholar, textual critic, and theologian.- Life :Tregelles was born at Wodehouse Place, Falmouth, of Quaker parents, but he himself for many years was in communion with the Plymouth Brethren and then later in life became a Presbyterian...
, Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
The Reverend Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, LL.D. was an important text critic of the New Testament and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible...
). It has marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
, it was adapted for liturgical use.
Description
The codex contains a text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on 232 parchment leaves (26 cm by 19 cm) with some lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(Matthew 1:1-2:2; 4:19-5:25; John 14:22-16:27). The text is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page , in black ink, the initial letters in gold ink.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the Ammonian Sections
Ammonian Sections
Eusebian canons or Eusebian sections, also known as Ammonian Sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively...
(in Matthew 355, in Mark 233), whose numbers are given at the margin, with references to the Eusebian Canons (partially). The references to the Eusebian Canons are incomplete.
It contains tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel. In the 16th century lectionary markings were added at the margin (for liturgical use). The manuscript has a comment about the authenticity of Mark 16:9-20
Mark 16
Mark 16 is the final chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It begins with the discovery of the empty tomb by Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome — there they encounter a man dressed in white who announces the Resurrection of Jesus.Verse 8 ends...
. The manuscript is free from errors of itacism
Iotacism
Iotacism is the process by which a number of vowels and diphthongs in Ancient Greek converged in pronunciation so that they all sound like iota in Modern Greek....
and errors by "homoioteleuton", and very carefully accentuated. Some leaves are dislocated.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is mixed. According to StreeterBurnett Hillman Streeter
Burnett Hillman Streeter was a British biblical scholar and textual critic.-Life:He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. Streeter was ordained in 1899 and was a member of the Archbishop’s Commission on Doctrine in the Church of England...
it is a representative of the Caesarean text-type
Caesarean text-type
Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text-types; the Byzantine...
, but according to Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
it has some the Byzantine text-type
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
element, though it is not pure Byzantine manuscript. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
did not place it in any of Categories of New Testament manuscripts
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in Der Text des Neuen Testaments. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian...
. D. A. Black
David Alan Black
David Alan Black, born 1952, professor of New Testament at the Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, textual critic.In 1975 he finished his studies at the Biola University. In 1983 he received a D.Theol...
classified it as the Caesarean text. The text is in close relationship to the textual family f1
Family 1
Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden calls the group Ih...
but it does not belong to this group.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual group 22b in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20 as a core member. Wisse listed 22, 134
Minuscule 134
Minuscule 134 , ε 200 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 149
Minuscule 149
Minuscule 149 , δ 503 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century. It was adapted for liturgical use.- Description :...
, 351
Minuscule 351
Minuscule 351 , ε 228 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia.- Description :...
(part), 1192, and 1210 as members of group 22b.
Matthew 10:12 (see Luke 10:5)
- It reads λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω (say peace to be this house) after αυτην. The reading was deleted by the first corrector, but the second corrector restored it. The reading is used by manuscripts: Codex SinaiticusCodex SinaiticusCodex Sinaiticus is one of the four great uncial codices, an ancient, handwritten copy of the Greek Bible. It is an Alexandrian text-type manuscript written in the 4th century in uncial letters on parchment. Current scholarship considers the Codex Sinaiticus to be one of the best Greek texts of...
, BezaeCodex BezaeThe Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis, designated by siglum Dea or 05 , δ 5 , is a codex of the New Testament dating from the 5th century written in an uncial hand on vellum. It contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of the 3 John...
, RegiusCodex Regius (New Testament)Codex Regius designated by siglum Le or 019 , ε 56 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia....
, WashingtonianusCodex WashingtonianusThe Codex Washingtonianus or Codex Washingtonensis, designated by W or 032 , ε 014 , also called the Washington Manuscript of the Gospels, and The Freer Gospel, contains the four biblical gospels and was written in Greek on vellum in the fourth or fifth century...
, KoridethiCodex KoridethiThe Codex Koridethi, also named Codex Coridethianus, designated by Θ, 038, or Theta , ε 050 , is a 9th century manuscript of the four Gospels. It is written in Greek with uncial script in two columns per page, in 25 lines per page...
, manuscripts of f 1Family 1Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden calls the group Ih...
, 1010 (1424), it, vgcl.
I has some remarkable readings. In Matthew 27:9 it has unique textual variant ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ζαχαρίου τοῦ προφήτου (fulfilled what was spoken by Zachariah the prophet). The reading is supported only by some Syriac manuscripts. Another manuscripts usually have "Jeremiah".
History
It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Wettstein. The manuscript was partially examined and collated by WettsteinJohann Jakob Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic.-Youth and study:...
, Scholz (only 96 verses), F. H. A. Scrivener, and C. R. Gregory. H. A. Sanders gave full a collation of the manuscript in 1914. It was examined and described by Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin was a French Catholic Biblical scholar.-Life:...
. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885.
It is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
Bibliothèque nationale de France
The is the National Library of France, located in Paris. It is intended to be the repository of all that is published in France. The current president of the library is Bruno Racine.-History:...
(Gr. 72) at Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
Further reading
- Henry A. Sanders, "A New Collation of MS 22 of the Gospels", JBLJournal of Biblical LiteratureThe Journal of Biblical Literature is one of three theological journals published by the Society of Biblical Literature .First published in 1881, JBL is the flagship journal of the field...
33 (Philadelphia, 1914), pp. 92-117.
External links
- Minuscule 22 at the Robert Waltz, Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism