Minuscule 157
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 157 ε 207 (Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on vellum. According to the colophon
it is dated to the year 1122. Formerly date was wrongly deciphered as 1128? (Gregory, Thompson). It has complex contents and full marginalia
.
s on 325 parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, in 22 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose tables are given before each Gospel (tables of contents), numbers at the margin of the text, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is no a division according to the Eusebian Canons though the Eusebian tables are placed at the beginning.
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum
, prolegomena, lectionary equipment, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, ornaments and pictures in vermilion and gold. The Gospel of John is preceded by portrait of John evangelist with Prochorus.
It has the famous Jerusalem Colophon
("copied and corrected from the ancient manuscripts of Jerusalem preserved on the Holy Mountain") at the end of each of the Gospel. It is very beautifully written.
but a mixture of text-types with strong the Alexandrian
element. Its readings often agree with Codex Bezae
, with some affinities to Diatessaron
, and to Marcion's text of Luke
(see Gospel of Marcion
).
Hermann von Soden
lists it as Is (along with codices 235
, 245
, 291
, 713
, 1012). Aland
placed it in Category III.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents Kx
in Luke 1; in Luke 10 it is mixed with some relationship to the Alexandrian text; in Luke 20 it has the Alexandrian text.
In Matthew 6:13 it has unusual ending of the Lord's Prayer
:
This ending have only two other manuscripts: 225
and 418
.
In Matthew 13:15 it reads: Ἰωσῆ (Joses), the reding is supported by the manuscripts: 118
700*
1071 syrh cobomss
It does not include texts of Matthew 16:2b–3 and Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11).
(1118-1143). The manuscript belonged to the Ducal Library at Urbino
, and was brought to the Rome by Pope Clement VII
(1523-1534).
Andreas Birch in 1788 made a facsimile. According to Birch it is the most important manuscript of the New Testament, except Codex Vaticanus
. It was examined by Scholz, collated by Hoskier
. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886. Scrivener noted that this codex is often in agreement with codices: Vaticanus
, Bezae
, Regius
, 69
, 106
, and especially with 1
.
It is currently housed at the Vatican Library
(Urbinas gr. 2), at Rome
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on vellum. According to the colophon
Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon is either:* A brief description of publication or production notes relevant to the edition, in modern books usually located at the reverse of the title page, but can also sometimes be located at the end of the book, or...
it is dated to the year 1122. Formerly date was wrongly deciphered as 1128? (Gregory, Thompson). It has complex contents and full marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
.
Description
The codex contains a complete text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on 325 parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, in 22 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose tables are given before each Gospel (tables of contents), numbers at the margin of the text, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is no a division according to the Eusebian Canons though the Eusebian tables are placed at the beginning.
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum
Epistula ad Carpianum
The Epistula ad Carpianum is the title traditionally given to a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus....
, prolegomena, lectionary equipment, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, ornaments and pictures in vermilion and gold. The Gospel of John is preceded by portrait of John evangelist with Prochorus.
It has the famous Jerusalem Colophon
Jerusalem Colophon
The Jerusalem Colophon is a colophon found in a number of New Testament manuscripts, including Λ , 20, 153, 157, 164, 215, 262, 300, 376, 428, 565, 566, 686, 718, 728, 748, 829, 899, 901, 922, 980, 1032, 1071, 1118, 1121, 1124, 1187, 1198, 1355, 1422, 1521, 1545, 1555, 1682, 2145, and 2245...
("copied and corrected from the ancient manuscripts of Jerusalem preserved on the Holy Mountain") at the end of each of the Gospel. It is very beautifully written.
Text
Although the manuscript was made for the Emperor its text is not the standard ByzantineByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
but a mixture of text-types with strong the Alexandrian
Alexandrian text-type
The Alexandrian text-type , associated with Alexandria, is one of several text-types used in New Testament textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of biblical manuscripts...
element. Its readings often agree with Codex Bezae
Codex Bezae
The Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis, designated by siglum Dea or 05 , δ 5 , is a codex of the New Testament dating from the 5th century written in an uncial hand on vellum. It contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of the 3 John...
, with some affinities to Diatessaron
Diatessaron
The Diatessaron is the most prominent Gospel harmony created by Tatian, an early Christian apologist and ascetic. The term "diatessaron" is from Middle English by way of Latin, diatessarōn , and ultimately Greek, διὰ τεσσάρων The Diatessaron (c 160 - 175) is the most prominent Gospel harmony...
, and to Marcion's text of Luke
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel According to Luke , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension.The...
(see Gospel of Marcion
Gospel of Marcion
The Gospel of Marcion, called by its adherents the Gospel of the Lord, was a text used by the mid-2nd century Christian teacher Marcion to the exclusion of the other gospels...
).
Hermann von Soden
Hermann, Freiherr von Soden
Baron Hermann von Soden , German biblical scholar, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, and was educated at the University of Tübingen. He was minister of Dresden-Striesen in 1881 and in 1887 became minister of the Jerusalem Church in Berlin...
lists it as Is (along with codices 235
Minuscule 235
Minuscule 235 , ε 456 , known as Codex Havniensis 2 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1314. The manuscript has complex contents. It has marginalia....
, 245
Minuscule 245
Minuscule 245 , ε 1226 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1199. It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 291
Minuscule 291
Minuscule 291 , ε 377 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript has complex contents. It has marginalia....
, 713
Minuscule 713
Minuscule 713 , ε351 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 1012). Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category III.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
in Luke 1; in Luke 10 it is mixed with some relationship to the Alexandrian text; in Luke 20 it has the Alexandrian text.
In Matthew 6:13 it has unusual ending of the Lord's Prayer
Lord's Prayer
The Lord's Prayer is a central prayer in Christianity. In the New Testament of the Christian Bible, it appears in two forms: in the Gospel of Matthew as part of the discourse on ostentation in the Sermon on the Mount, and in the Gospel of Luke, which records Jesus being approached by "one of his...
:
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δόξα, τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν (For thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit for ever. Amen.)
This ending have only two other manuscripts: 225
Minuscule 225
Minuscule 225 , ε 1210 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1192. It was adapted for liturgical use.- Description :...
and 418
Minuscule 418
Minuscule 418 , ε 504 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century.It has marginalia.- Description :...
.
In Matthew 13:15 it reads: Ἰωσῆ (Joses), the reding is supported by the manuscripts: 118
Minuscule 118
Minuscule 118 , ε 346 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 13th century...
700*
Minuscule 700
Minuscule 700 , ε 133 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the Gospels. Formerly it was labelled as 604 in all catalogues , Gregory gave it the number 700....
1071 syrh cobomss
It does not include texts of Matthew 16:2b–3 and Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11).
History
It was written in 1122 for John PorphyrogenitusJohn II Komnenos
John II Komnenos was Byzantine Emperor from 1118 to 1143. Also known as Kaloïōannēs , he was the eldest son of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Doukaina...
(1118-1143). The manuscript belonged to the Ducal Library at Urbino
Urbino
Urbino is a walled city in the Marche region of Italy, south-west of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under the patronage of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482...
, and was brought to the Rome by Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII
Clement VII , born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534.-Early life:...
(1523-1534).
Andreas Birch in 1788 made a facsimile. According to Birch it is the most important manuscript of the New Testament, except Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus , is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible , one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library, where it has been stored since at least the 15th century...
. It was examined by Scholz, collated by Hoskier
Herman C. Hoskier
Herman Charles Hoskier , was a biblical scholar, British textual critic, and son of a merchant banker, Herman Hoskier .Hoskier, as textual critic, supported the Byzantine text-type against the Alexandrian text-type...
. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886. Scrivener noted that this codex is often in agreement with codices: Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus , is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible , one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library, where it has been stored since at least the 15th century...
, Bezae
Codex Bezae
The Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis, designated by siglum Dea or 05 , δ 5 , is a codex of the New Testament dating from the 5th century written in an uncial hand on vellum. It contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of the 3 John...
, Regius
Codex Regius (New Testament)
Codex Regius designated by siglum Le or 019 , ε 56 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia....
, 69
Minuscule 69
Minuscule 69 , δ 505 , known as Codex Leicester, or Codex Leicestrensis, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on paper and parchment leaves. The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 15th century. Some leaves of the codex were lost. The text-type is eclectic...
, 106
Minuscule 106
Minuscule 106 , ε 1380 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.- Description :...
, and especially with 1
Minuscule 1
Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2, Minuscule 1 , δ 254 ; formerly it was designated by 1eap...
.
It is currently housed at the Vatican Library
Vatican Library
The Vatican Library is the library of the Holy See, currently located in Vatican City. It is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. Formally established in 1475, though in fact much older, it has 75,000 codices from...
(Urbinas gr. 2), at Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- Herman C. HoskierHerman C. HoskierHerman Charles Hoskier , was a biblical scholar, British textual critic, and son of a merchant banker, Herman Hoskier .Hoskier, as textual critic, supported the Byzantine text-type against the Alexandrian text-type...
, "Evan. 157", JTS XIV (1913), pp. 78-116, 242-293, 359-384. - B. H. StreeterBurnett Hillman StreeterBurnett Hillman Streeter was a British biblical scholar and textual critic.-Life:He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. Streeter was ordained in 1899 and was a member of the Archbishop’s Commission on Doctrine in the Church of England...
, "Codices 157, 1071 and the Caesarean Text", in Lake F/S (London, 1937), pp. 149-150. - Edward Maunde ThompsonEdward Maunde ThompsonSir Edward Maunde Thompson, GCB was a British palaeographer and Principal Librarian and first Director of the British Museum. He is also noted for his study of William Shakespeare's handwriting in the manuscript of the play Sir Thomas More.-Biography:Thompson's father was Edward Thompson, Custos...
, An Introduction to Greek and Latin Paleography, p. 246, 248 (plate 68).
External links
- Minuscule 157 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism