Mansi language
Encyclopedia
The Mansi language is a language
of the Mansi people. It is spoken in territories of Russia
along the Ob River
and its tributaries
, including the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
and the Sverdlovsk Oblast
. According to the 1989 census
, there were 3,184 Mansi-speaking people in Russia.
The base dialect of the Mansi literary language is the Sosva
dialect, a representative of the northern dialect area; the discussion below is based on the standard language. Fixed word order
is typical for the Mansi language. Adverbial
s and participle
s play an important role in sentence
construction. The written language
was first published in 1868, and in 1937 was revised using a form of the Cyrillic alphabet
.
, and therefore perhaps best considered four languages.
Northern (Sosva, Upper Lozyvin) has strong Russian, Komi, Nenets, and Northern Khanty influence. There is no accusative case; that is, both the nominative and accusative roles are unmarked on the noun. */æ/ and */æː/ have been backed to [a] and [aː].
Western (Pelym, Vagily, Middle and Lower Lazyvin) went extinct
ca. 2000. It had strong Russian and Komi influences. Long vowels were diphthongized.
Eastern (Kondin) is spoken by 100–200 people. It has Khanty and Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony
, and for */æː/ it has œː, frequently diphthongized.
Southern (Tavdin) went extinct ca. 1900. It had vowel harmony and a strong Tatar influence, and displayed several archaisms such as retention of /y/ (elsewhere merged with */æ/), /tsʲ/ (elsewhere deaffricated to /sʲ/), and /aː/ (elsewhere raised to /oː/).
acts the labialized counterpart of the only voiced
fricative /ɣ/.
, published in London
in 1868. In 1932 a version of Latin alphabet was introduced, with little success. The former Latin alphabet:
A, B, D, E, F, G, H, Һ, I, J, K, L, Ļ, M, N, Ņ, Ŋ, O, P, R, S, S, T, Ţ, U, V, Z, Ь
In 1937, the Cyrillic alphabet
replaced the Latin.
number. Six grammatical case
s exist. Possession is expressed using possessive suffix
es, for example -зм, which means "my".
Missing cases can be expressed using postpositions, such as халнэл (χalnəl, 'of, out of'), саит (sait, 'after, behind'), etc.
Intransitive and transitive conjugations are distinguished. This means that there are two possible ways of conjugating a verb. When the speaker conjugates in intransitive, the sentence has no concrete object (in this case, the object is nothing or something like something, anything). In the transitive conjugation, there is a concrete object. This feature also exists in the other Ugric languages
.
The language has no future tense; the future is expressed in other ways.
s: indicative, conditional
, imperative
and blandishing.
Indicative mood has no suffix. Imperative mood exists only in the second person.
Thus, the conjugation of the verb мина (lat. mina [go]), in past tense (remember the suffix -с):
ēl(a) – 'forwards, onwards, away'
χot – 'direction away from something and other nuances of action intensity'
Numbers 1 and 2 also have attributive forms: акв (1) and кит (2); compare with Hungarian
két, and Old Hungarian "kit").
and Mansi.
Language
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication...
of the Mansi people. It is spoken in territories of Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
along the Ob River
Ob River
The Ob River , also Obi, is a major river in western Siberia, Russia and is the world's seventh longest river. It is the westernmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean .The Gulf of Ob is the world's longest estuary.-Names:The Ob is known to the Khanty people as the...
and its tributaries
Tributary
A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a main stem river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean...
, including the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug , also known as Yugra, is a federal subject of Russia . Population: The people native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob Ugric people...
and the Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in the Urals Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg formerly known as Sverdlovsk. Population: -Geography:...
. According to the 1989 census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
, there were 3,184 Mansi-speaking people in Russia.
The base dialect of the Mansi literary language is the Sosva
Sosva
Sosva may refer to:*Sosva River, name of several rivers in Russia*Sosva, Serovsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Serovsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia...
dialect, a representative of the northern dialect area; the discussion below is based on the standard language. Fixed word order
Word order
In linguistics, word order typology refers to the study of the order of the syntactic constituents of a language, and how different languages can employ different orders. Correlations between orders found in different syntactic subdomains are also of interest...
is typical for the Mansi language. Adverbial
Adverbial
In grammar an adverbial is a word or a group of words that modifies or tells us something about the sentence or the verb. The word adverbial is also used as an adjective, meaning 'having the same function as an adverb'...
s and participle
Participle
In linguistics, a participle is a word that shares some characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. It can be used in compound verb tenses or voices , or as a modifier...
s play an important role in sentence
Sentence (linguistics)
In the field of linguistics, a sentence is an expression in natural language, and often defined to indicate a grammatical unit consisting of one or more words that generally bear minimal syntactic relation to the words that precede or follow it...
construction. The written language
Written language
A written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages....
was first published in 1868, and in 1937 was revised using a form of the Cyrillic alphabet
Cyrillic alphabet
The Cyrillic script or azbuka is an alphabetic writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School...
.
Dialects
The Mansi language is subdivided into four main dialects which are to a large degree mutually unintelligibleMutual intelligibility
In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is recognized as a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related languages can readily understand each other without intentional study or extraordinary effort...
, and therefore perhaps best considered four languages.
Northern (Sosva, Upper Lozyvin) has strong Russian, Komi, Nenets, and Northern Khanty influence. There is no accusative case; that is, both the nominative and accusative roles are unmarked on the noun. */æ/ and */æː/ have been backed to [a] and [aː].
Western (Pelym, Vagily, Middle and Lower Lazyvin) went extinct
Extinct language
An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers., or that is no longer in current use. Extinct languages are sometimes contrasted with dead languages, which are still known and used in special contexts in written form, but not as ordinary spoken languages for everyday communication...
ca. 2000. It had strong Russian and Komi influences. Long vowels were diphthongized.
Eastern (Kondin) is spoken by 100–200 people. It has Khanty and Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony
Vowel harmony
Vowel harmony is a type of long-distance assimilatory phonological process involving vowels that occurs in some languages. In languages with vowel harmony, there are constraints on which vowels may be found near each other....
, and for */æː/ it has œː, frequently diphthongized.
Southern (Tavdin) went extinct ca. 1900. It had vowel harmony and a strong Tatar influence, and displayed several archaisms such as retention of /y/ (elsewhere merged with */æ/), /tsʲ/ (elsewhere deaffricated to /sʲ/), and /aː/ (elsewhere raised to /oː/).
Phonology
| Mansi consonants |
Labial Labial consonant Labial consonants are consonants in which one or both lips are the active articulator. This precludes linguolabials, in which the tip of the tongue reaches for the posterior side of the upper lip and which are considered coronals... |
Alveolar Alveolar consonant Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli of the superior teeth... |
(Alveolo- Alveolo-palatal consonant In phonetics, alveolo-palatal consonants are palatalized postalveolar sounds, usually fricatives and affricates, articulated with the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the body of the tongue raised toward the palate... ) Palatal Palatal consonant Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate... |
Velar Velar consonant Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum).... |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Labialized | ||||
| Stops Stop consonant In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or an oral stop, is a stop consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases. The occlusion may be done with the tongue , lips , and &... |
/p/ п |
/t/ т |
/c/ ть |
/k/ к |
/kʷ/ кв |
| Nasals Nasal consonant A nasal consonant is a type of consonant produced with a lowered velum in the mouth, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. Examples of nasal consonants in English are and , in words such as nose and mouth.- Definition :... |
/m/ м |
/n/ н |
/ɲ/ нь |
/ŋ/ ӈ |
/ŋʷ/ ӈв |
| Fricatives Fricative consonant Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of ; the back of the tongue against the soft palate, in the case of German , the final consonant of Bach; or... |
/s/ с |
/ɕ/ сь |
/x/ /ɣ/ х г |
/xʷ/ хв |
|
| Approximants Approximant consonant Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough or with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow. Therefore, approximants fall between fricatives, which do produce a turbulent airstream, and vowels, which produce no... |
/j/ й |
/w/ в |
|||
| Laterals | /l/ л |
/ʎ/ ль |
|||
| Trill Trill consonant In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the articulator and the place of articulation. Standard Spanish <rr> as in perro is an alveolar trill, while in Parisian French it is almost always uvular.... |
/r/ р |
||||
Voice (phonetics)
Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either voiceless or voiced. The term, however, is used to refer to two separate concepts. Voicing can refer to the articulatory process in which the vocal cords vibrate...
fricative /ɣ/.
- In some dialects a postalveolarPostalveolar consonantPostalveolar consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, further back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself, but not as far back as the hard palate...
fricative /ʃ/ appears (written ш).
| Mansi Vowels | Unrounded | Rounded |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i(ː) ы/и |
u(ː) у/ю |
| Mid | e(ː) э/е |
o(ː) о/ё |
| Mid | (ə) | |
| Open | a(ː) а/я |
|
Alphabet
The first publication of the written Mansi language was in a translation of the Gospel of MatthewGospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
, published in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
in 1868. In 1932 a version of Latin alphabet was introduced, with little success. The former Latin alphabet:
In 1937, the Cyrillic alphabet
Cyrillic alphabet
The Cyrillic script or azbuka is an alphabetic writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School...
replaced the Latin.
| А A (Cyrillic) A is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents an open front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨a⟩ in "father".The Cyrillic letter A is romanized using the Latin letter A.-History:... /a/ |
Б Be (Cyrillic) Be is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It commonly represents the voiced bilabial plosive , like the English pronunciation of ⟨b⟩ in "bee"... /b/ |
В Ve (Cyrillic) Ve is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiced labiodental fricative , like the pronunciation of ⟨v⟩ in "very".... /◌ʷ/ |
Г Ge (Cyrillic) Ge is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It is also known in some languages as He. In Unicode this letter is called "Ghe".It commonly represents the voiced velar plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨g⟩ in "go".... /ɡ/, /ɣ/ |
Д De (Cyrillic) De is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.De commonly represents the voiced dental plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨d⟩ in admit.De is romanized using the Latin letter D.-History:... /d/ |
Е Ye (Cyrillic) Ye is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. In some languages this letter is called E.It commonly represents the vowel or , like the pronunciation of ⟨e⟩ in "yes".Ye is romanized using the Latin letter E.... /ʲe/ |
Ё Yo (Cyrillic) Yo is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. In Unicode, the letter ⟨Ё⟩ is named CYRILLIC CAPITAL/SMALL LETTER IO.It commonly represents the sounds , like the pronunciation of ⟨Yo⟩ in "York".... /ʲo/ |
Ж Zhe (Cyrillic) Zhe is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiced postalveolar fricative , like the pronunciation of ⟨s⟩ in "treasure".Zhe is romanized as ⟨zh⟩ or ⟨ž⟩.-History:... /ʒ/ |
З Ze (Cyrillic) Ze is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiced alveolar fricative , like the pronunciation of ⟨z⟩ in "zoo".Ze is romanized using the Latin letter ⟨z⟩.... /z/ |
И I (Cyrillic) I is a letter used in almost all ancient and modern Cyrillic alphabets.It commonly represents the close front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨i⟩ in "machine", or the near-close near-front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨i⟩ in "bin".-History:The Cyrillic letter I was... /i/ |
Й Short I Short I is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It is made of the Cyrillic letter И with a breve.Short I represents the palatal approximant , like the pronunciation of ⟨y⟩ in toy.... /j/ |
К Ka (Cyrillic) Ka is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless velar plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨k⟩ in "king".-History:... /k/ |
Л El (Cyrillic) El is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.El commonly represents the alveolar lateral approximant , like the pronunciation of ⟨l⟩ in "lip".-Form:... /l/, /ʎ/ |
М Em (Cyrillic) Em is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.Em commonly represents the bilabial nasal consonant , like the pronunciation of ⟨m⟩ in "him".It is derived from the Greek letter Mu .... /m/ |
Н En (Cyrillic) En is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the alveolar nasal consonant , like the pronunciation of ⟨n⟩ in "nice".-History:The Cyrillic letter En was derived from the Greek letter Nu .... /n/, /ɲ/ |
Ӈ En with hook En with hook is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Its form is derived from the Cyrillic letter En by adding a hook to the right leg.En with hook commonly represents the velar nasal , like the pronunciation of ⟨ng⟩ in "sing".-Usage:... /ŋ/ |
О O (Cyrillic) O is a letter of the Cyrillic script.O commonly represents the close-mid back rounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨o⟩ in "go".-History:The Cyrillic letter O was derived from the Greek letter Omicron .... /o/ |
П Pe (Cyrillic) Pe is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless bilabial plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨p⟩ in "pack".-History:... /p/ |
| Р Er (Cyrillic) Er is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the alveolar trill , like the "rolled" sound in the Scottish pronunciation of ⟨r⟩ in "curd".-History:... /r/ |
С Es (Cyrillic) Es is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless alveolar fricative , like the pronunciation of ⟨s⟩ in "sand".-History:... /s/ |
Т Te (Cyrillic) Te is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless alveolar plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨t⟩ in "tick".-History:... /t/ |
У U (Cyrillic) U is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It commonly represents the close back rounded vowel , somewhat like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "boot"... /uː/ |
Ў Short U Short U is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.The only Slavic language using this letter is the Belarusian Cyrillic alphabet.... /w/ |
Ф /f/ |
Х Kha Kha or Ha is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless velar fricative , like the Scottish pronunciation of ⟨ch⟩ in "loch".Kha is romanized as ⟨kh⟩.-History:... /χ/ |
Ц Tse (Cyrillic) Tse is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless alveolar affricate , like the pronunciation of ⟨ts⟩ in "cats".In English, Tse is commonly romanized as ⟨ts⟩... /t͡s/ |
Ч Che (Cyrillic) Che or Cha is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate , like the pronunciation of ⟨ch⟩ in "change".... /t͡ʃʲ/ |
Ш Sha For other uses, see Sha .Sha is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It commonly represents the voiceless postalveolar fricative , like the pronunciation of ⟨sh⟩ in "sheep", or the somewhat similar voiceless retroflex fricative . It is used in every variation of the Cyrillic alphabet, for Slavic and... /ʃ/ |
Щ Shcha (Cyrillic) Shcha is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. In Russian, it represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative , similar to the pronunciation of ⟨sh⟩ in sheep ; in Ukrainian and Rusyn it represents the consonant cluster ; and in Bulgarian, it represents the consonant cluster .In English, Shcha is... /ʃʲtʃʲ/ |
Ъ Yer The letter yer of the Cyrillic alphabet, also spelled jer or er, is known as the hard sign in the modern Russian and Rusyn alphabets and as er golyam in the Bulgarian alphabet... /-/ |
Ы Yery Yery or Yeru is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It represents the phoneme after non-palatalised consonants in the Belarusian and Russian alphabets... /ɪ/ |
Ь Soft sign The soft sign , also known as yer, is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In Old Church Slavonic, it represented a short front vowel. As with its companion, the back yer, the vowel phoneme it designated was later partly dropped and partly merged with other vowels... /◌ʲ/ |
Э E (Cyrillic) E , also known as Backwards E from , E oborotnoye, is a letter found amongst Slavonic languages only in Russian and Belarusian, representing the sounds and... /ə~ɤ/ |
Ә Schwa (Cyrillic) Schwa is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It is currently used in Abkhaz, Bashkir, Dungan, Kalmyk, Kazakh, Kurdish and Tatar... /æ/ |
Ю Yu (Cyrillic) Yu is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. After a palatalized consonant, it represents the close back rounded vowel , somewhat like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "boot"; elsewhere it is a so-called iotated vowel representing the combination , like the pronunciation of ⟨you⟩ in "youth"... /ʲu/ |
Я Ya (Cyrillic) Ya is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, the civil script variant of Old Cyrillic Little Yus . Among modern Slavonic languages it is used by Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Bulgarian to represent both the combination in initial or post-vocalic position and after a palatalised consonant; in... /ʲa/ |
Article
There are two articles in Mansi: definite ань (aɲ), which also means "now" when placed before verbs, and indefinite акв (akʷ), literally "one".Nouns
There is no grammatical gender. Mansi distinguishes between singular, dual and pluralPlural
In linguistics, plurality or [a] plural is a concept of quantity representing a value of more-than-one. Typically applied to nouns, a plural word or marker is used to distinguish a value other than the default quantity of a noun, which is typically one...
number. Six grammatical case
Grammatical case
In grammar, the case of a noun or pronoun is an inflectional form that indicates its grammatical function in a phrase, clause, or sentence. For example, a pronoun may play the role of subject , of direct object , or of possessor...
s exist. Possession is expressed using possessive suffix
Possessive suffix
In linguistics, a possessive affix is a suffix or prefix attached to a noun to indicate its possessor, much in the manner of possessive adjectives. Possessive suffixes are found in some Uralic, Altaic, Semitic, and Indo-European languages...
es, for example -зм, which means "my".
Grammatical cases, declining
Example with: пут /put/ (cauldron)| case | sing. | dual | plural |
| nom. Nominative case The nominative case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb or the predicate noun or predicate adjective, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments... |
пут put |
путыг putɪɣ |
путэт putət |
| loc. Locative case Locative is a grammatical case which indicates a location. It corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by"... |
путт putt |
путыгт putɪɣt |
путэтт putətt |
| lat. Lative case Lative is a case which indicates motion to a location. It corresponds to the English prepositions "to" and "into". The lative case belongs to the group of the general local cases together with the locative and separative case... |
путн putn |
путыгн putɪɣn |
путэтн putətn |
| abl. Ablative case In linguistics, ablative case is a name given to cases in various languages whose common characteristic is that they mark motion away from something, though the details in each language may differ... |
путнэл putnəl |
путыгнэл putɪɣnəl |
путэтнэл putətnəl |
| trans. Translative case The translative case is a grammatical case that indicates a change in state of a noun, with the general sense of "becoming X" or "change to X".... |
путыг putɪɣ |
||
| instr. Instrumental case The instrumental case is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action... |
путэл putəl |
путыгтэл putɪɣtəl |
путэтэл putətəl |
Missing cases can be expressed using postpositions, such as халнэл (χalnəl, 'of, out of'), саит (sait, 'after, behind'), etc.
Verbs
Mansi conjugation has three persons, three numbers, two tenses, and four moods. Active and passive voices exist.Intransitive and transitive conjugations are distinguished. This means that there are two possible ways of conjugating a verb. When the speaker conjugates in intransitive, the sentence has no concrete object (in this case, the object is nothing or something like something, anything). In the transitive conjugation, there is a concrete object. This feature also exists in the other Ugric languages
Ugric languages
Ugric or Ugrian languages are a branch of the Uralic language family. The term derives from Yugra, a region in north-central Asia.They include three languages: Hungarian , Khanty , and Mansi language...
.
Tenses
Mansi uses suffixes to express the tense. The tense suffix precedes the personal suffix.| Tense | Suffix | Example |
| Present | -г (lat. -g) | минагум (lat. minagum – I am going) |
| Past | -с (lat. -s) | минасум (minasum – I went) |
The language has no future tense; the future is expressed in other ways.
Moods
There are four moodGrammatical mood
In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used to signal modality. That is, it is the use of verbal inflections that allow speakers to express their attitude toward what they are saying...
s: indicative, conditional
Conditional mood
In linguistics, the conditional mood is the inflectional form of the verb used in the independent clause of a conditional sentence to refer to a hypothetical state of affairs, or an uncertain event, that is contingent on another set of circumstances...
, imperative
Imperative mood
The imperative mood expresses commands or requests as a grammatical mood. These commands or requests urge the audience to act a certain way. It also may signal a prohibition, permission, or any other kind of exhortation.- Morphology :...
and blandishing.
Indicative mood has no suffix. Imperative mood exists only in the second person.
Personal suffixes
The suffixes are the following:| Person | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st | -ум | -умен | -ув |
| 2nd | -эн | -эн | -эн |
| 3rd | (no suffix) | -ыг | -эт |
Thus, the conjugation of the verb мина (lat. mina [go]), in past tense (remember the suffix -с):
| Person | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st | минасум (minasum) | минасумен (minasumen) | минасув (minasuv) |
| 2nd | минасэн | минасэн | минасэн |
| 3rd | минас | минасыг | минасэт |
Active/Passive voice
Verbs have active and passive voice. Active voice has no suffix; the suffix to express the passive is -ве-.Verbal prefixes
Verbal prefixes are used to modify the meaning of the verb in both concrete and abstract ways. For example, with the prefix эл- (el-) (away, off) the verb мина (mina) (go) becomes элмина (elmina), which means to go away. This is surprisingly close to the Hungarian equivalents: el- (away) and menni (to go), where elmenni is to go awayēl(a) – 'forwards, onwards, away'
| jōm- 'to go, to stride' | ēl-jōm- 'to go away/on' |
| tinal- 'to sell' | ēl-tinal- 'to sell off' |
χot – 'direction away from something and other nuances of action intensity'
| min- 'to go' | χot-min- 'to go away, to stop' |
| roχt- 'to be frightened' | χot-roχt- 'to take fright suddenly' |
Numbers
| # | Mansi | Hungarian |
| 1 | аква (akʷa) | egy |
| 2 | китыг (kitiɣ) | kettő |
| 3 | хурум (xuːrəm) | három |
| 4 | нила (ɲila) | négy |
| 5 | ат (at) | öt |
| 6 | хот (xoːt) | hat |
| 7 | сат (saːt) | hét |
| 8 | нёллов (ɲololow) | nyolc |
| 9 | онтэллов (ontolow) | kilenc |
| 10 | лов (low) | tíz |
| 20 | хус (xus) | húsz |
| 100 | сат (saːt/janiɣsaːt) | száz |
| 1000 | сотэр (soːtər) | ezer |
Numbers 1 and 2 also have attributive forms: акв (1) and кит (2); compare with Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
két, and Old Hungarian "kit").
Comparison with Hungarian
Here are some invented sentences in Northern Mansi (IPA transcription) and Hungarian. They demonstrate well the relationship between HungarianHungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
and Mansi.
| Mansi | Approximate pronunciation using Hungarian spelling | Hungarian | English |
| Húrem né vitnel húlpel husz húl púgi | Három nő a vízből hálóval húsz halat fog. | Three women are catching twenty fish with a net from the water. | |
| Húrem-szát-husz hulah-szam ampem viten óli | Háromszázhúsz hollószemű ebem vízen él. | The three hundred and twenty dogs of mine with raven eyes live on water. | |
| luː ˈlaːɕal ˈmini toː ˈseːln̩ | Lú lásal mini tó szélen | Ló lassan megy a tó szélén. | A horse is slowly walking on the shore of the lake. |