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Tse (Cyrillic)
Encyclopedia
Tse is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet
.
It commonly represents the voiceless alveolar affricate
/ts/, like the pronunciation of ⟨ts⟩ in "cats".
In English, Tse is commonly romanized
as ⟨ts⟩. However, in proper names (personal names, toponyms, etc.) and titles it may also be rendered as ⟨c⟩ (which signifies the sound in Serbian
, Czech
, Hungarian
etc.), ⟨z⟩ (which signifies the sound in Italian
), ⟨cz⟩ or ⟨tz⟩.
letter Tsi ⟨Ⱌ⟩.
The name of Tse in the Early Cyrillic alphabet
is (tsi). New Church Slavonic and Russian spelling of the name is цы.
In the Cyrillic numeral system
, Tse has a value of 900.
. It is used both in native Slavic words (where in mostly corresponds to Proto-Indo-European
*k in certain positions) and borrowed words:
Russian words starting with ⟨ц⟩, such as царь (tsar
), are rare, and very few of them are of Slavic origin (the example is usually being explained as derived from Latin
caesar).
A notable rule of Russian orthography
is that ⟨ц⟩ is seldom followed by ⟨ы
⟩, with the following exceptions:
Cyrillic alphabet
The Cyrillic script or azbuka is an alphabetic writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School...
.
It commonly represents the voiceless alveolar affricate
Voiceless alveolar affricate
The voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨⟩ or ⟨⟩ . The voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in such languages as German, Cantonese, Italian, Russian, Japanese and Mandarin...
/ts/, like the pronunciation of ⟨ts⟩ in "cats".
In English, Tse is commonly romanized
Romanization of Russian
Romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliterating the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet...
as ⟨ts⟩. However, in proper names (personal names, toponyms, etc.) and titles it may also be rendered as ⟨c⟩ (which signifies the sound in Serbian
Serbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
, Czech
Czech language
Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide. The language was known as Bohemian in English until the late 19th century...
, Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
etc.), ⟨z⟩ (which signifies the sound in Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
), ⟨cz⟩ or ⟨tz⟩.
History
Tse is thought to have come from the Hebrew letter Tsadi ⟨צ⟩, via the GlagoliticGlagolitic alphabet
The Glagolitic alphabet , also known as Glagolitsa, is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. The name was not coined until many centuries after its creation, and comes from the Old Slavic glagolъ "utterance" . The verb glagoliti means "to speak"...
letter Tsi ⟨Ⱌ⟩.
The name of Tse in the Early Cyrillic alphabet
Early Cyrillic alphabet
The Early Cyrillic alphabet is a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the 9th or 10th century to write the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language...
is (tsi). New Church Slavonic and Russian spelling of the name is цы.
In the Cyrillic numeral system
Cyrillic numerals
The Cyrillic numerals are a numbering system derived from the Cyrillic script, used by South and East Slavic peoples. The system was used in Russia as late as the early 18th century when Peter the Great replaced it with Arabic numerals....
, Tse has a value of 900.
Russian
Tse is the 23rd letter of the Russian alphabetRussian alphabet
The Russian alphabet is a form of the Cyrillic script, developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School...
. It is used both in native Slavic words (where in mostly corresponds to Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European language
The Proto-Indo-European language is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans...
*k in certain positions) and borrowed words:
- as a match for the Latin ⟨c⟩ in words of LatinLatinLatin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
origin, for example цирк (circus), центр (center), - for the German ⟨z⟩ and ⟨tz⟩ in words borrowed from GermanGerman languageGerman is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, for example цинк (Zink), плац (Platz), - ⟨ци⟩ may correspond to Latin ⟨ti⟩, for example сцинцилляция (scintillation).
Russian words starting with ⟨ц⟩, such as царь (tsar
Tsar
Tsar is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism...
), are rare, and very few of them are of Slavic origin (the example is usually being explained as derived from Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
caesar).
A notable rule of Russian orthography
Orthography
The orthography of a language specifies a standardized way of using a specific writing system to write the language. Where more than one writing system is used for a language, for example Kurdish, Uyghur, Serbian or Inuktitut, there can be more than one orthography...
is that ⟨ц⟩ is seldom followed by ⟨ы
Yery
Yery or Yeru is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It represents the phoneme after non-palatalised consonants in the Belarusian and Russian alphabets...
⟩, with the following exceptions:
- the ending -⟨ы⟩ of the pluralPluralIn linguistics, plurality or [a] plural is a concept of quantity representing a value of more-than-one. Typically applied to nouns, a plural word or marker is used to distinguish a value other than the default quantity of a noun, which is typically one...
numberGrammatical numberIn linguistics, grammatical number is a grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions ....
or of Genitive caseGenitive caseIn grammar, genitive is the grammatical case that marks a noun as modifying another noun...
(птица nom. sg. → птицы nom. pl. or gen. sg.), - possessive suffix -⟨ин⟩ is spelled -⟨ын⟩ after ⟨ц⟩ and only in this case: троицын, курицын,
- the suffix is very popular in Russian last names, but the spelling may here vary and both -⟨цын⟩ and -⟨цин⟩ are possible, Ельцин is an example,
- the ending of adjectives -⟨ый⟩ (that becomes -⟨ые⟩, -⟨ым⟩, -⟨ыми⟩, -⟨ых⟩ in declensionDeclensionIn linguistics, declension is the inflection of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles to indicate number , case , and gender...
), for example куцый or бледнолицый,- however, rarely used possessive adjectives have -⟨ий⟩, for example шпиций (in declension -⟨ьи⟩, -⟨ьим⟩, -⟨ьими⟩, -⟨ьих⟩),
- conjugationGrammatical conjugationIn linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection . Conjugation may be affected by person, number, gender, tense, aspect, mood, voice, or other grammatical categories...
of a vulgar verb сцать (сцы, сцым, сцыт, сцыте, сцышь) and its prefixed derivatives, - only a few word roots are containing ⟨цы⟩ now: цыган, цык- (цыкать, цыкнуть), цып- (цыплёнок, цыпки, цыпочки, цып-цып), цыц,
- pre-1956Reforms of Russian orthographyThe reform of Russian orthography refers to changes made to the Russian alphabet over the course of the history of the Russian language.- Early Changes :...
lists may contain a lot of additional words like цыбик, цыбуля, цыгарка, цыдулка, цыкля, цымбалы, цымес, цынга, цыновка, цынубель, цырюльня, цытварный, цыфирь, панцырь etc. (examples are taken from Ya. S. Khomutov's spelling dictionary, 1927; now all these words are spelled with -ци-),
- pre-1956
- PinyinPinyinPinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...
's ⟨ci⟩ becomes ⟨цы⟩, and ⟨qi⟩ becomes ⟨ци⟩.
Related letters and other similar characters
- צ : Hebrew letter Tsadi
- C c : Latin letter CCĈ or ĉ is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing the sound .Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for all four of its postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets...
Computing codes
| character | Ц | ц | ||
| Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE | ||
| character encoding | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
| Unicode Unicode Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems... |
1062 | 0426 | 1094 | 0446 |
| UTF-8 UTF-8 UTF-8 is a multibyte character encoding for Unicode. Like UTF-16 and UTF-32, UTF-8 can represent every character in the Unicode character set. Unlike them, it is backward-compatible with ASCII and avoids the complications of endianness and byte order marks... |
208 166 | D0 A6 | 209 134 | D1 86 |
| Numeric character reference Numeric character reference A numeric character reference is a common markup construct used in SGML and other SGML-related markup languages such as HTML and XML. It consists of a short sequence of characters that, in turn, represent a single character from the Universal Character Set of Unicode... |
Ц | Ц | ц | ц |
| KOI8-R KOI8-R KOI8-R is an 8-bit character encoding, designed to cover Russian, which uses the Cyrillic alphabet. It also happens to cover Bulgarian, but is not used since CP1251 is accepted. A derivative encoding is KOI8-U, which adds Ukrainian characters... and KOI8-U KOI8-U KOI8-U is an 8-bit character encoding, designed to cover Ukrainian, which uses the Cyrillic alphabet. It is based on KOI8-R, which covers Russian and Bulgarian, but replaces eight graphic characters with four Ukrainian letters Ґ, Є, І, and Ї in both upper case and lower case.In Microsoft Windows,... |
227 | E3 | 195 | C3 |
| Code page 855 Code page 855 Code page 855 is a code page used under MS-DOS to write Cyrillic script. This code page is not used much.-Code page layout:... |
165 | A5 | 164 | A4 |
| Code page 866 Code page 866 Code page 866 is a code page used under MS-DOS to write Cyrillic script. It is based on the "alternative character set" of GOST 19768-87... |
150 | 96 | 230 | E6 |
| Windows-1251 Windows-1251 Windows-1251 is a popular 8-bit character encoding, designed to cover languages that use the Cyrillic alphabet such as Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian Cyrillic and other languages... |
214 | D6 | 246 | F6 |
| ISO-8859-5 | 198 | C6 | 230 | E6 |
| Macintosh Cyrillic | 150 | 96 | 246 | F6 |