Makamisa
Encyclopedia
Makamisa is a Tagalog
unfinished novel written by Filipino
patriot
and writer José Rizal
. The original manuscript was found by historian Ambeth Ocampo
in 1987 while he was going through a 245-page collection of papers. Makamisa is written in pure, vernacular
Lagunense Tagalog and has no written direct signature or date of inscription. It reads like the beginning of a novel intended to be a sequel
to Rizal's second book El filibusterismo
(Ghent, 1891).
The novel has only one chapter. It runs for only ten pages and is hand-written in the old orthographic
ancillary glyphs. Although written in a different language, its style, characterization and setting mirror those of Rizal's two previous works, Noli me tangere
and El filibusterismo
which he wrote in Spanish.
The chapter ends with a short unfinished sentence:
which in English is equivalent to:
which therefore satisfies the theory of it being unfinished. The novel explores the mysterious ill-temperament of the town curate
Padre Agaton.
Tagalog language
Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a third of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by most of the rest. It is the first language of the Philippine region IV and of Metro Manila...
unfinished novel written by Filipino
Filipino people
The Filipino people or Filipinos are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. There are about 92 million Filipinos in the Philippines, and about 11 million living outside the Philippines ....
patriot
Patriotism
Patriotism is a devotion to one's country, excluding differences caused by the dependencies of the term's meaning upon context, geography and philosophy...
and writer José Rizal
José Rizal
José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda , was a Filipino polymath, patriot and the most prominent advocate for reform in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era. He is regarded as the foremost Filipino patriot and is listed as one of the national heroes of the Philippines by...
. The original manuscript was found by historian Ambeth Ocampo
Ambeth Ocampo
Ambeth R. Ocampo is a multi-awarded Filipino historian, academic, journalist, and author best known for his writings about Philippines' national hero José Rizal and for "Looking Back", his bi-weekly editorial page column in the Philippine Daily Inquirer...
in 1987 while he was going through a 245-page collection of papers. Makamisa is written in pure, vernacular
Vernacular
A vernacular is the native language or native dialect of a specific population, as opposed to a language of wider communication that is not native to the population, such as a national language or lingua franca.- Etymology :The term is not a recent one...
Lagunense Tagalog and has no written direct signature or date of inscription. It reads like the beginning of a novel intended to be a sequel
Sequel
A sequel is a narrative, documental, or other work of literature, film, theatre, or music that continues the story of or expands upon issues presented in some previous work...
to Rizal's second book El filibusterismo
El filibusterismo
El filibusterismo , also known by its English alternate title The Reign of Greed, is the second novel written by Philippine national hero José Rizal. It is the sequel to Noli Me Tangere and like the first book, was written in Spanish. It was first published in 1891 in Ghent, Belgium...
(Ghent, 1891).
The novel has only one chapter. It runs for only ten pages and is hand-written in the old orthographic
Orthography
The orthography of a language specifies a standardized way of using a specific writing system to write the language. Where more than one writing system is used for a language, for example Kurdish, Uyghur, Serbian or Inuktitut, there can be more than one orthography...
ancillary glyphs. Although written in a different language, its style, characterization and setting mirror those of Rizal's two previous works, Noli me tangere
Noli me tangere
Noli me tangere, meaning "don't touch me" / "touch me not", is the Latin version of words spoken, according to , by Jesus to Mary Magdalene when she recognizes him after his resurrection....
and El filibusterismo
El filibusterismo
El filibusterismo , also known by its English alternate title The Reign of Greed, is the second novel written by Philippine national hero José Rizal. It is the sequel to Noli Me Tangere and like the first book, was written in Spanish. It was first published in 1891 in Ghent, Belgium...
which he wrote in Spanish.
The chapter ends with a short unfinished sentence:
which in English is equivalent to:
which therefore satisfies the theory of it being unfinished. The novel explores the mysterious ill-temperament of the town curate
Curate
A curate is a person who is invested with the care or cure of souls of a parish. In this sense "curate" correctly means a parish priest but in English-speaking countries a curate is an assistant to the parish priest...
Padre Agaton.
Characters
Seven characters are mentioned in this 10-page unfinished novel:- Padre Agaton (Father Agaton) - the parochial curateCurateA curate is a person who is invested with the care or cure of souls of a parish. In this sense "curate" correctly means a parish priest but in English-speaking countries a curate is an assistant to the parish priest...
of the fictitiousFictionFiction is the form of any narrative or informative work that deals, in part or in whole, with information or events that are not factual, but rather, imaginary—that is, invented by the author. Although fiction describes a major branch of literary work, it may also refer to theatrical,...
town of Tulig, described as a cheerful, approachable and powerful man who loves the town and is not known for his bad temper. In the story, he has a sudden, unexpected display of anger, the reason for which is yet to be revealed. - Kapitan Lucas (Town captain Lucas) - the gobernadorcilloGobernadorcilloThe Gobernadorcillo was a municipal judge or governor in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, who carried out in a town the combined charge or responsibility of leadership, economic, and judicial administration. The Gobernadorcillo was the leader of a town or pueblo . In a coastal...
of Tulig and is in danger of losing his government position if he does not please Padre Agaton on the upcoming EasterEasterEaster is the central feast in the Christian liturgical year. According to the Canonical gospels, Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion. His resurrection is celebrated on Easter Day or Easter Sunday...
fiestaFestivalA festival or gala is an event, usually and ordinarily staged by a local community, which centers on and celebrates some unique aspect of that community and the Festival....
. - Aleng Anday (Miss Anday) - female friend of Padre Agaton and the only person whom the curate loves. She is an extremely disciplined woman whom everybody admires for her generosity
- Marcela - ManilaManilaManila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
-raised daughter of Kapitan Lucas, who returned to Tulig for her aunt's funeral - Tenyente Tato (Lieutenant Tato) - lieutenant-general of the guardia civil.
- Don Segundo - the Juez de paz or peace officer of the town.
- Kapitan Tibo - next-in-line to the gobernadorcillo office.