Loughbrickland
Encyclopedia
Loughbrickland is a small village
in County Down
, Northern Ireland
. It is south of Banbridge
on the main Belfast to Dublin road
. In the 2001 Census
it had a population of 681 people. Loughbrickland is within the Banbridge District.
in the townland of Coolnacran is a high status bivallate fort around 30.5 metres across. It is a scheduled ancient monument dating from Early Christian times. Also there is a crannog
at Loughbrickland lake. There is also reputed to have been a second crannog
, in the area, in a lake, which is now Meenan bog, in the townland of Lisnagonnell.
In the description,of Aghaderg Parish from Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of Ireland, 1837, it states, about half a mile to the south-west of Loughbrickland are three upright stones, called "The Three Sisters of Greenan" apparently the remains of an ancient cromlech: they are situated on a gentle eminence, and near them is a fourth lying in a ditch. This fourth stone seems to have been forgotten in more recent times, it is now considered that
The Three Sisters is a short alignment of three standing stones in which stand at the roadside in the townland of Greenan, whose name comes from grianan, "the place of the sun", hinting that here, as with several other short stone rows, there may have been midsummer and midwinter rituals. There are now just two of the original three stones still standing in a gorse hedgerow at the side of a farm track – the third lies in the hedge somewhere; as does possibly the fourth? The east stone is 1.4m tall and has a vertical split in it, so that one thin slice hangs off the side. The other standing stone is 1.6m tall and has been cut into a very nice cuboid block with very flat surfaces. The south-easterly one, which has fallen, measures over two metres in its entire length.
The remains of Water Hill Fort (Dun Uisce), stand on a hill to the south of the lake; an unusually constructed ancient rath with its surrounding ditch inside the bank; possibly a feast site or ceremonial role; some speculate it a possible location of Briccriu's
Feast from legend. However, this seems unlikely as it is stated this took place at Dun Rudraige, which is Dundrum, County Down
.
Local tradition refers to an early monastic foundation, a Franciscan house which is believed to have prospered in the townland of Drumsallagh from the early fifteenth century until 1569, when it suffered suppression under Elizabeth I. It lies in the valley to the west of the village. The name Drumsallagh, or Droim Saileach, means ‘willow ridge’ it occupies a valley that used to carry the old northern road sometimes known as the Slige Midluachra
or High Kings Road that ran in ancient times from Tara
to Dunseverick
on the north coast. A manuscript that has been attributed to Rev. John Deth, first Protestant Vicar of Aghaderg, claims that the monastery was quarried to provide building materials for the original Church of Ireland
church in Loughbrickland, constructed in 1600. The Deth manuscript also records that, according to information he received from one of the friars, the remains of the three earlier saints of Meenan had been previously reinterred in the chapel of the Franciscan monastery. The 26 October was set aside each year to commemorate this fact. The site was in use in the 11th century, however, and remained as a Franciscan
Monastery until 1641 when it was destroyed with the rest of the nearby village. According to the manuscript notes of Dr. Osborne Shiel, Vicar of Aghaderg 1768–1798, various artefacts were unearthed in Drumsallagh in the latter half of the eighteenth century – a gold chalice and paten (1780), a gold candlestick, a stone depicting St. Francis
feeding birds – legacies of the Franciscan era?
in Fearmuighe (also Fearnmhagh), in Dalaradia
, on the borders of Down
and Antrim
, 331 AD
, defeated the forces of Fergus Foga, king of Ulster, who was slain; and the victors burned to the ground Emain Macha
(now called Navan Fort) or Emania, (near the present city of Armagh
,) the famous palace of the Ultonian kings, which had stood for six centuries, and had been long celebrated by the Irish bards. The place where this battle was fought is called also Carn Achy-Leth-Derg, and is now known as the parish of Aghaderg, in the barony of Iveagh
, County of Down
. The sovereignty of Ulster
thus passed from the race of Ir to the race of Heremon
. Samuel Lewis in 1837 records that the battle site was commemorated by "a huge Carn
of loose stones near Loughbrickland". This Carn, known as Carn Cochy in the Annals of the Four Masters, was a huge seventy feet high, but appears to have been destroyed when the Scarva to Banbridge railway line was constructed in 1859. What appears to be the Carn can be seen, on the image of the 1778 map, as a huge pile of stones to the left of the Loughbrickland to Scarva Road, about 2 miles outside Loughbrickland.
Early Christian figures associated with Aghaderg parish are three seventh-century saints, Nasad, Beoan and Mellan, hermits of Down. The three are recorded in the Martyrology of Aengus
(also sometimes known as "The Feiliré of Aengus", which was completed about 805 AD) for the 26 October and are mentioned as having been interred "in one church: Tamlacht Menand on Loch Bricrend in Iveagh in Ulidia." The Annals of the Four Masters
records two of these saints: "Beoan, Bishop and Mellan of Tamlacht Menan on Loch Bricrenn." These references suggest the existence of an early church, in the townland of Meenan, around two miles from the village of Loughbrickland today. The word "Tamh" means an epidemic pestilence; and the term "Taimhleacht" ("the plague monument"), which frequently enters into topographical names in Ireland, signifies a place where a number of persons cut off by pestilence were interred together.
Loughbrickland was a major seat of the Magennises of Iveagh
. The Magennis castle was believed to be on the shores of Loughbrickland Lake although they also inhabited the crannog on the lake as late as the seventeenth century.
The Magennises were succeeded in the Loughbrickland area by Marmaduke Whitechurch, who was probably the most prominent developer of the district establishing villages, churches and markets that formed the basis of the infrastructure of the area as we now know it. Sir Marmaduke Whitechurch also seems to have built his castle by the lake, this castle was dismantled by Cromwell's army, and remained in ruins till 1812, when it was taken down a dwelling-house was erected on its site. Its location has never been accurately located and possible sites range from the site of the Magennis castle to where the old Aghaderg School now stands and also where the Church of Ireland built their Rectory in 1801.
In 1690 William III
camped near Loughbrickland with his army from the 14th to the 25th of June, on his march to the Boyne
. Tradition has it that William stayed overnight at Bovennet house, and mounted his horse from a stone on the corner of the Poyntzpass Road.
For more details see: NI Neighbourhood Information Service
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
in County Down
County Down
-Cities:*Belfast *Newry -Large towns:*Dundonald*Newtownards*Bangor-Medium towns:...
, Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...
. It is south of Banbridge
Banbridge
Banbridge is a town in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies on the River Bann and the A1 road. It was named after a bridge built over the Bann in 1712. The town grew as a coaching stop on the road from Belfast to Dublin and thrived from Irish linen manufacturing...
on the main Belfast to Dublin road
A1 road (Northern Ireland)
The A1 is a major route in Northern Ireland. It runs from Belfast via Lisburn and Banbridge to the border with the Republic of Ireland south of Newry, from where the road continues to Dublin, becoming the N1 road and M1 motorway...
. In the 2001 Census
United Kingdom Census 2001
A nationwide census, known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday, 29 April 2001. This was the 20th UK Census and recorded a resident population of 58,789,194....
it had a population of 681 people. Loughbrickland is within the Banbridge District.
Places of interest
Loughbrickland ringfortRingfort
Ringforts are circular fortified settlements that were mostly built during the Iron Age , although some were built as late as the Early Middle Ages . They are found in Northern Europe, especially in Ireland...
in the townland of Coolnacran is a high status bivallate fort around 30.5 metres across. It is a scheduled ancient monument dating from Early Christian times. Also there is a crannog
Loughbrickland Crannog
Loughbrickland Crannóg is a Bronze Age man-made island known as a crannóg, four miles south west of Banbridge, County Down, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the middle of the lough, 1 mile from the village of Loughbrickland. The crannóg in Loughbrickland is a Scheduled Historic Monument in the...
at Loughbrickland lake. There is also reputed to have been a second crannog
Crannog
A crannog is typically a partially or entirely artificial island, usually built in lakes, rivers and estuarine waters of Scotland and Ireland. Crannogs were used as dwellings over five millennia from the European Neolithic Period, to as late as the 17th/early 18th century although in Scotland,...
, in the area, in a lake, which is now Meenan bog, in the townland of Lisnagonnell.
In the description,of Aghaderg Parish from Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of Ireland, 1837, it states, about half a mile to the south-west of Loughbrickland are three upright stones, called "The Three Sisters of Greenan" apparently the remains of an ancient cromlech: they are situated on a gentle eminence, and near them is a fourth lying in a ditch. This fourth stone seems to have been forgotten in more recent times, it is now considered that
The Three Sisters is a short alignment of three standing stones in which stand at the roadside in the townland of Greenan, whose name comes from grianan, "the place of the sun", hinting that here, as with several other short stone rows, there may have been midsummer and midwinter rituals. There are now just two of the original three stones still standing in a gorse hedgerow at the side of a farm track – the third lies in the hedge somewhere; as does possibly the fourth? The east stone is 1.4m tall and has a vertical split in it, so that one thin slice hangs off the side. The other standing stone is 1.6m tall and has been cut into a very nice cuboid block with very flat surfaces. The south-easterly one, which has fallen, measures over two metres in its entire length.
The remains of Water Hill Fort (Dun Uisce), stand on a hill to the south of the lake; an unusually constructed ancient rath with its surrounding ditch inside the bank; possibly a feast site or ceremonial role; some speculate it a possible location of Briccriu's
Briccriu
Bricriu is a hospitaller , troublemaker and poet in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology.-Fled Bricrenn:...
Feast from legend. However, this seems unlikely as it is stated this took place at Dun Rudraige, which is Dundrum, County Down
Dundrum, County Down
Dundrum is a village and townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is beside Dundrum Bay, about 4 miles outside Newcastle on the A2 road. The town is best known for its ruined Norman castle. It had a population of 1,065 people in the 2001 Census....
.
Local tradition refers to an early monastic foundation, a Franciscan house which is believed to have prospered in the townland of Drumsallagh from the early fifteenth century until 1569, when it suffered suppression under Elizabeth I. It lies in the valley to the west of the village. The name Drumsallagh, or Droim Saileach, means ‘willow ridge’ it occupies a valley that used to carry the old northern road sometimes known as the Slige Midluachra
Slige Midluachra
Slige Midluachra is the old northern road sometimes known High Kings Road that ran in ancient times from Tara to Dunseverick on the north coast of Ireland.It was one of the legendary Five Roads of Tara, site of the ancient Seat of Ireland's High Kings...
or High Kings Road that ran in ancient times from Tara
Hill of Tara
The Hill of Tara , located near the River Boyne, is an archaeological complex that runs between Navan and Dunshaughlin in County Meath, Leinster, Ireland...
to Dunseverick
Dunseverick
Dunseverick is a hamlet and townland near the Giant's Causeway in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is most notable for Dunseverick Castle.-External links:****...
on the north coast. A manuscript that has been attributed to Rev. John Deth, first Protestant Vicar of Aghaderg, claims that the monastery was quarried to provide building materials for the original Church of Ireland
Church of Ireland
The Church of Ireland is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion. The church operates in all parts of Ireland and is the second largest religious body on the island after the Roman Catholic Church...
church in Loughbrickland, constructed in 1600. The Deth manuscript also records that, according to information he received from one of the friars, the remains of the three earlier saints of Meenan had been previously reinterred in the chapel of the Franciscan monastery. The 26 October was set aside each year to commemorate this fact. The site was in use in the 11th century, however, and remained as a Franciscan
Franciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
Monastery until 1641 when it was destroyed with the rest of the nearby village. According to the manuscript notes of Dr. Osborne Shiel, Vicar of Aghaderg 1768–1798, various artefacts were unearthed in Drumsallagh in the latter half of the eighteenth century – a gold chalice and paten (1780), a gold candlestick, a stone depicting St. Francis
Francis of Assisi
Saint Francis of Assisi was an Italian Catholic friar and preacher. He founded the men's Franciscan Order, the women’s Order of St. Clare, and the lay Third Order of Saint Francis. St...
feeding birds – legacies of the Franciscan era?
History
The Three Collas (meaning strong man) in the great Battle of Achadh LeithdheirgAchaidh Leithdeircc
Cath Achaidh Leithdeircc h-i Fernmoigh The Battle of Achadh Leithdheirg, in Fearnmhagh took place in 331The place of the battle has been disputed*Farney, Monaghan, County Monaghan*Loughbrickland, County Down...
in Fearmuighe (also Fearnmhagh), in Dalaradia
Dál nAraidi
Dál nAraidi was a kingdom of the Cruthin in the north-east of Ireland in the first millennium. The lands of the Dál nAraidi appear to correspond with the Robogdii of Ptolemy's Geographia, a region shared with Dál Riata...
, on the borders of Down
County Down
-Cities:*Belfast *Newry -Large towns:*Dundonald*Newtownards*Bangor-Medium towns:...
and Antrim
County Antrim
County Antrim is one of six counties that form Northern Ireland, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland. Adjoined to the north-east shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of 2,844 km², with a population of approximately 616,000...
, 331 AD
Anno Domini
and Before Christ are designations used to label or number years used with the Julian and Gregorian calendars....
, defeated the forces of Fergus Foga, king of Ulster, who was slain; and the victors burned to the ground Emain Macha
Emain Macha
]Navan Fort – known in Old Irish as Eṁaın Ṁacha and in Modern Irish as Eamhain Mhacha – is an ancient monument in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. According to Irish legend, it was one of the major power centers of pre-Christian Ireland...
(now called Navan Fort) or Emania, (near the present city of Armagh
Armagh
Armagh is a large settlement in Northern Ireland, and the county town of County Armagh. It is a site of historical importance for both Celtic paganism and Christianity and is the seat, for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland, of the Archbishop of Armagh...
,) the famous palace of the Ultonian kings, which had stood for six centuries, and had been long celebrated by the Irish bards. The place where this battle was fought is called also Carn Achy-Leth-Derg, and is now known as the parish of Aghaderg, in the barony of Iveagh
Barony (Ireland)
In Ireland, a barony is a historical subdivision of a county. They were created, like the counties, in the centuries after the Norman invasion, and were analogous to the hundreds into which the counties of England were divided. In early use they were also called cantreds...
, County of Down
County Down
-Cities:*Belfast *Newry -Large towns:*Dundonald*Newtownards*Bangor-Medium towns:...
. The sovereignty of Ulster
Ulster
Ulster is one of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the north of the island. In ancient Ireland, it was one of the fifths ruled by a "king of over-kings" . Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into a number of counties for administrative and judicial...
thus passed from the race of Ir to the race of Heremon
Eremon
Érimón, son of Míl Espáine, according to medieval Irish legends and historical traditions, was one of the chieftains who took part in the Milesian invasion of Ireland, which conquered the island from the Tuatha Dé Danann, and one of the first Milesian High Kings.Before coming to Ireland, he and...
. Samuel Lewis in 1837 records that the battle site was commemorated by "a huge Carn
Cairn
Cairn is a term used mainly in the English-speaking world for a man-made pile of stones. It comes from the or . Cairns are found all over the world in uplands, on moorland, on mountaintops, near waterways and on sea cliffs, and also in barren desert and tundra areas...
of loose stones near Loughbrickland". This Carn, known as Carn Cochy in the Annals of the Four Masters, was a huge seventy feet high, but appears to have been destroyed when the Scarva to Banbridge railway line was constructed in 1859. What appears to be the Carn can be seen, on the image of the 1778 map, as a huge pile of stones to the left of the Loughbrickland to Scarva Road, about 2 miles outside Loughbrickland.
Early Christian figures associated with Aghaderg parish are three seventh-century saints, Nasad, Beoan and Mellan, hermits of Down. The three are recorded in the Martyrology of Aengus
Saint Aengus
Óengus mac Óengobann, better known as Saint Óengus of Tallaght or Óengus the Culdee, was an Irish bishop, reformer and writer, who flourished in the first quarter of the 9th century and is held to be the author of the Félire Óengusso and possibly the Martyrology of Tallaght.Little of Óengus's life...
(also sometimes known as "The Feiliré of Aengus", which was completed about 805 AD) for the 26 October and are mentioned as having been interred "in one church: Tamlacht Menand on Loch Bricrend in Iveagh in Ulidia." The Annals of the Four Masters
Annals of the Four Masters
The Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland or the Annals of the Four Masters are a chronicle of medieval Irish history...
records two of these saints: "Beoan, Bishop and Mellan of Tamlacht Menan on Loch Bricrenn." These references suggest the existence of an early church, in the townland of Meenan, around two miles from the village of Loughbrickland today. The word "Tamh" means an epidemic pestilence; and the term "Taimhleacht" ("the plague monument"), which frequently enters into topographical names in Ireland, signifies a place where a number of persons cut off by pestilence were interred together.
Loughbrickland was a major seat of the Magennises of Iveagh
Barony (Ireland)
In Ireland, a barony is a historical subdivision of a county. They were created, like the counties, in the centuries after the Norman invasion, and were analogous to the hundreds into which the counties of England were divided. In early use they were also called cantreds...
. The Magennis castle was believed to be on the shores of Loughbrickland Lake although they also inhabited the crannog on the lake as late as the seventeenth century.
The Magennises were succeeded in the Loughbrickland area by Marmaduke Whitechurch, who was probably the most prominent developer of the district establishing villages, churches and markets that formed the basis of the infrastructure of the area as we now know it. Sir Marmaduke Whitechurch also seems to have built his castle by the lake, this castle was dismantled by Cromwell's army, and remained in ruins till 1812, when it was taken down a dwelling-house was erected on its site. Its location has never been accurately located and possible sites range from the site of the Magennis castle to where the old Aghaderg School now stands and also where the Church of Ireland built their Rectory in 1801.
In 1690 William III
William III of England
William III & II was a sovereign Prince of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland...
camped near Loughbrickland with his army from the 14th to the 25th of June, on his march to the Boyne
Battle of the Boyne
The Battle of the Boyne was fought in 1690 between two rival claimants of the English, Scottish and Irish thronesthe Catholic King James and the Protestant King William across the River Boyne near Drogheda on the east coast of Ireland...
. Tradition has it that William stayed overnight at Bovennet house, and mounted his horse from a stone on the corner of the Poyntzpass Road.
Notable people
- Patrick BruntyPatrick BrontëThe Reverend Patrick Brontë was an Irish Anglican curate and writer, who spent most of his adult life in England and was the father of the writers Charlotte, Emily and Anne Brontë, and of Branwell Brontë, his only son....
, the father of the Brontë sisters, CharlotteCharlotte BrontëCharlotte Brontë was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood, whose novels are English literature standards...
, EmilyEmily BrontëEmily Jane Brontë 30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848) was an English novelist and poet, best remembered for her only novel, Wuthering Heights, now considered a classic of English literature. Emily was the third eldest of the four surviving Brontë siblings, between the youngest Anne and her brother...
and AnneAnne BrontëAnne Brontë was a British novelist and poet, the youngest member of the Brontë literary family.The daughter of a poor Irish clergyman in the Church of England, Anne Brontë lived most of her life with her family at the parish of Haworth on the Yorkshire moors. For a couple of years she went to a...
, and son BranwellBranwell BrontëPatrick Branwell Brontë was a painter and poet, the only son of the Brontë family, and the brother of the writers Charlotte, Emily, and Anne.-Youth:...
, was born in a cottage 4 miles from Loughbrickland. He lived there until a local vicar paid his way to the University of CambridgeUniversity of CambridgeThe University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
in 1802, and while studying there, he changed his name to Brontë, possibly after Admiral Nelson, who was the Duke of Bronte (which translates as Duke of Thunder). He preached and taught at Drumballyroney Church and School House, near RathfrilandRathfrilandRathfriland is a village in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is a hilltop Plantation of Ulster settlement between the Mourne Mountains, Slieve Croob and Banbridge. It had a population of 2,079 people in the 2001 Census.-History:...
. The Brontë Homeland Interpretative Centre is at Drumballyroney - John Enoch Powell (16 June 1912 – 8 February 1998), British politician, linguist, writer, academic, soldier and poet. Conservative Member of ParliamentMember of ParliamentA Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
for Wolverhampton South WestWolverhampton South WestWolverhampton South West is a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election.- Boundaries :...
1950–1974 and Ulster Unionist MPMember of ParliamentA Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
for South DownSouth DownSouth Down can refer to:*The southern part of County Down in Northern Ireland:** electoral constituencies:*** South Down *** South Down *** South Down...
1974–1987. He served as Minister of Health and Financial Secretary to the TreasuryFinancial Secretary to the TreasuryFinancial Secretary to the Treasury is a junior Ministerial post in the British Treasury. It is the 4th most significant Ministerial role within the Treasury after the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, and the Paymaster General...
under Prime MinisterPrime Minister of the United KingdomThe Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
Harold MacmillanHarold MacmillanMaurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, OM, PC was Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 January 1957 to 18 October 1963....
. He lived at 14 Main Street - Dermott LennonDermott LennonDermott Lennon is an Irish equestrian who competes in the sport of show jumping.As of the end of August 2010, he is climbing back up the Rolex World Rankings and has reached 71st - Ireland's no...
, 2002 Show Jumping World ChampionShow Jumping World ChampionshipsThe Show Jumping World Championships, or the show jumping competition at the FEI World Equestrian Games, was started in 1953, with individual competition. In 1978 Team competitions began, and men and women began competing against one another. From 1990, show jumping was brought together along with...
, is a native of the village
Education
- Loughbrickland Primary SchoolLoughbrickland Primary SchoolLoughbrickland Primary School is a former primary school located 1 mile from Loughbrickland, County Down, Northern Ireland. It catered for girls and boys aged from 3 to 11 and had 60 pupils. It was within the Southern Education and Library Board area....
(closed in September 2006) - St. Francis' Primary School
- New-Bridge Integrated CollegeNew-Bridge Integrated CollegeNew-Bridge Integrated College is an integrated secondary school founded in 1995 for children in Newry and Banbridge, hence the name New-Bridge. New-Bridge was established in the rural village of Loughbrickland, Northern Ireland so that it was neither in Banbridge nor Newry.Pupils travel to the...
(state maintained & mixed religion secondary)
2001 Census
Loughbrickland is classified as a small village or hamlet by the NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) (ie with population between 500 and 1,000 people). On Census day (29 April 2001) there were 681 people living in Loughbrickland. Of these:- 23.2% were aged under 16 years and 15.1% were aged 60 and over
- 47.9% of the population were male and 52.1% were female
- 49.1% were from a CatholicCatholicThe word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
background and 49.6% were from a ProtestantProtestantismProtestantism is one of the three major groupings within Christianity. It is a movement that began in Germany in the early 16th century as a reaction against medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices, especially in regards to salvation, justification, and ecclesiology.The doctrines of the...
background - 3.8% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed
For more details see: NI Neighbourhood Information Service