List of surfing events - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This is an incomplete list of surfing
Surfing
Surfing' is a surface water sport in which the surfer rides a surfboard on the crest and face of a wave which is carrying the surfer towards the shore...

events and competitions:

Event	Site	Country	Est.	Ended	Notes
ASP World Tour
Association of Surfing Professionals Association of Surfing Professionals The Association of Surfing Professionals is the governing body for professional surfers and is dedicated to showcasing the world’s best talent in a variety of progressive formats.- Predecessors to the ASP :...	Coolangatta	Australia Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...	1982
Bells Beach Surf Classic Bells Beach Surf Classic The Bells Beach Surf Classic is a surfing competition which has been held annually at Easter time at Bells Beach, Victoria continuously since 1961, becoming a professional competition in 1973....	Bells Beach, Victoria	Australia Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...	1973
Billabong Pipeline Masters Billabong Pipeline Masters The Billabong Pipeline Masters is an event in surfing held annually at Banzai Pipeline in Oahu, Hawaii. It was established in 1970 and attracts the top 45 surfers from the Association of Surfing Professionals as well as 16 surfers who compete in walk on trials. The surfers compete for a share of...	Banzai Pipeline Banzai Pipeline The Banzai Pipeline, or simply "Pipeline" or "Pipe," is a surf reef break located in Hawaii, off Ehukai Beach Park in Pupukea on O'ahu's North Shore. A reef break is an area in the ocean where waves start to break once they reach the shallows of a reef... , Oahu, Hawaii	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	1970		Part of the Triple Crown of Surfing Triple Crown of Surfing The Vans Triple Crown of Surfing is a Hawaiian specialty series of professional surfing events, offering three events to men and three events to women. For the men, those events are the Reef Hawaiian Pro at Haleiwa Ali'i Beach Park; the O'Neill World Cup of Surfing at Sunset Beach; and the...
Billabong Pro Jeffreys Bay Billabong Pro Jeffreys Bay Billabong Pro Jeffreys Bay is an event on the ASP World Surfing Tour. The event is held every year at Jeffreys Bay in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Inaugural winner Kelly Slater has the most victories with 4.- Results :...	Jeffreys Bay Jeffreys Bay Jeffreys Bay is a town located in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The town is situated just off the N2 Highway, about an hour's drive southwest of Port Elizabeth.- History :... , Eastern Cape Eastern Cape The Eastern Cape is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho, but its two largest cities are Port Elizabeth and East London. It was formed in 1994 out of the "independent" Xhosa homelands of Transkei and Ciskei, together with the eastern portion of the Cape Province...	South Africa South Africa The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
Billabong Pro Teahupoo	Teahupo'o Teahupo'o Teahupoo is a village on the south-west coast of the island of Tahiti, French Polynesia, southern Pacific Ocean.It is known for the surf break and heavy, glassy waves offshore, often reaching 2 to 3 m and up to 70 feet... , Taiarapu Taiarapu-Ouest Taiarapu-Ouest is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taiarapu-Ouest is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands.The commune extends over half...	Tahiti Tahiti Tahiti is the largest island in the Windward group of French Polynesia, located in the archipelago of the Society Islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is the economic, cultural and political centre of French Polynesia. The island was formed from volcanic activity and is high and mountainous...
Copa Movistar Copa Movistar The Copa Movistar, currently presented by Rip Curl and Samsung is a 2 Star World Qualification Series event held at San Bartolo in Lima, Peru. It is, according to Andina, a "rocky bottom beach break, allowing for both lefts and rights, depending on the conditions and prevailing swell direction".Due...	San Bartolo San Bartolo District San Bartolo is a district in southern Lima Province in Peru. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the district of Punta Negra on the north, the Huarochirí Province on the east, and the Santa María del Mar District on the south.... , Lima Lima Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...	Peru Peru Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championship Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championship The Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championship is named in honor of the "Father of Modern Surfing", Duke Paoa Kahinu Mokoe Hulikohola Kahanamoku. The contest began in 1965 by invitation only at Sunset Beach on the North Shore of Oahu until it was replaced by the Billabong Pro in 1985...	Sunset Beach Sunset Beach (Oahu) thumb\|right\|Sunset Beach on Oahu's North ShoreSunset Beach is on the North Shore of Oahu in Hawai'i and known for big wave surfing during the winter season. The original Hawaiian name for this place is Paumalū... on the North Shore North Shore (Oahu) The North Shore, in the context of geography of the Island of Oahu, refers to the north-facing coastal area of Oahu between Kaena Point and Kahuku Point... of Oahu Oahu Oahu or Oahu , known as "The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous of the islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital Honolulu is located on the southeast coast... , Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	1965	1985	Replaced by the Billabong Pro
East Coast Surfing Championships East Coast Surfing Championships The East Coast Surfing Championships is an annual surfing contest held in Virginia Beach, Virginia, and is one of the United States Surfing Federation’s major amateur events. The ECSC stretches over a four day period every year in late August at the Virginia Beach Oceanfront...	Virginia Beach, Virginia Virginia Beach, Virginia Virginia Beach is an independent city located in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area of Virginia, on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay...	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	1963
International Surf Festival International Surf Festival International Surf Festival held its 50th year in 2011 at the Southbay beach area of Los Angeles in Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, Redondo, Torrance, and Los Angeles County Department of Beaches and Harbors.Featured events include:...	Southbay beach South Bay, Los Angeles The South Bay is a region of the southwest peninsula of Los Angeles County, California, United States. The name stems from its geographic features stretching along the southern shores of Santa Monica Bay which forms its western border.The picture at right uses the broadest definition of the... area of Los Angeles Los Ángeles Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants... in Manhattan Beach Manhattan Beach, California Manhattan Beach is the wealthiest beachfront city located in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, USA. The city is on the Pacific coast, south of El Segundo, and north of Hermosa Beach. Manhattan Beach is the home of both beach and indoor volleyball, and surfing. During the winter, the... , Hermosa Beach Hermosa Beach, California Hermosa Beach is a beachfront city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its population was 19,506 at the 2010 census, up from 18,566 at the 2000 census.... , Redondo Redondo Beach, California Redondo Beach is one of the three Beach Cities located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 66,748 at the 2010 census, up from 63,261 at the 2000 census. The city is located in the South Bay region of the greater Los Angeles area.Redondo Beach was originally part of... , Torrance Torrance, California Torrance is a city incorporated in 1921 and located in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. Torrance has of shore-front beaches on the Pacific Ocean, quieter and less well-known by tourists than others on the Santa Monica Bay, such as those of neighboring... , California	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	1961
ISA World Junior Surfing Games Ecuador ISA World Junior Surfing Games Ecuador International Surfing Association in Ecuador is a part of the The International Surfing Association is recognized by the International Olympic Committee as the world governing authority for surfing and all its waveriding disciplines, including bodyboard, kneeboard, longboard, tandem, skimboard and...	Salinas Salinas, Ecuador Salinas is a coastal city located in the Province of Santa Elena, Ecuador. It is the seat of the canton that bears its name. The westernmost city on mainland Ecuador, Salinas is an important tourist center. Recently, Salinas was the center of controversy during the contentious "more fun, less sun,"...	Ecuador Ecuador Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
Ku Ikaika Challenge Ku Ikaika Challenge The Ku Ikaika Challenge is an annual big-wave competition, held at Makaha Beach, in Mākaha, Hawai'i, on the island of Oahu. The 1st Annual Challenge was held on February 14, 2008, in surf between 15–25 feet. Aaron Napoleon won the contest....	Makaha Beach, Mākaha, Hawai'i Makaha, Hawai'i thumb\|280px\|Historically, Mākaha was an [[ahupua'a\|ahupuaʻa]], or area of land ruled by chief or king and managed by the members of the [[alii\|alii]]Mākaha is a census-designated place in Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States... , Oahu Oahu Oahu or Oahu , known as "The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous of the islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital Honolulu is located on the southeast coast...	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	2008
Lion Foundation Surf League Lion Foundation Surf League The Lion Foundation Surf League was established by Surf Life Saving New Zealand as an elite series for the top one percent of its athletes. Its purpose was to pit the best Surf Lifeguards in the country against each other to ensure that those who prevailed were the best of the best.The competition...		New Zealand New Zealand New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
Noosa Festival of Surfing Noosa Festival of Surfing The Noosa Festival of Surfing was established in 1992 at Noosa, Queensland by members of the Noosa Malibu Club, as an amateur surfing competition called the Noosa Malibu Classic. It allowed club members to invite friends to surf Noosa's right-hand point breaks and the event's popularity among...	Noosa, Queensland Noosa, Queensland The Shire of Noosa was a Local Government Area located about north of Brisbane in the Sunshine Coast region of South East Queensland, Australia...	Australia Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...	1992
O'Neill Sebastian Inlet Pro O'Neill Sebastian Inlet Pro The O'Neill Sebastian Inlet Pro , currently presented by Ron Jon Surf Shop, has kicked off the international professional surfing calendar for the past five years...	Space Coast Space Coast The Space Coast is a region in the U.S. state of Florida around Kennedy Space Center , where NASA launched space shuttles until the last one on July 8th, 2011 at 11:29am; and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, site of unmanned civilian and military space launches... , Florida Florida Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
O'Neill World Cup of Surfing O'Neill World Cup of Surfing The O'Neill World Cup of Surfing is a prestigious event in surfing held annually at Sunset Beach in Hawaii. The event attracts over a hundred elite surfers from around the world. It is the second event of the Triple Crown of Surfing. The first competition was held in 1975. Of the 22 surfers who...	Sunset Beach Sunset Beach (Oahu) thumb\|right\|Sunset Beach on Oahu's North ShoreSunset Beach is on the North Shore of Oahu in Hawai'i and known for big wave surfing during the winter season. The original Hawaiian name for this place is Paumalū... , Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...			Bodysurfing Bodysurfing Bodysurfing is the art and sport of riding a wave without the assistance of any buoyant device such as a surfboard or bodyboard. Bodysurfers typically equip themselves only with a pair of specialized swimfins that stay on during turbulent conditions and optimize propulsion.-Technique:To get on the... . Part of the Triple Crown of Surfing Triple Crown of Surfing The Vans Triple Crown of Surfing is a Hawaiian specialty series of professional surfing events, offering three events to men and three events to women. For the men, those events are the Reef Hawaiian Pro at Haleiwa Ali'i Beach Park; the O'Neill World Cup of Surfing at Sunset Beach; and the...
Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic The Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic is a bodysurfing competition held annually during the Winter season at the Banzai Pipeline on the North Shore of the island of Oahu in Hawaii....	Oahu Oahu Oahu or Oahu , known as "The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous of the islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital Honolulu is located on the southeast coast... , Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	1971
Quiksilver Big Wave Invitational Quiksilver Big Wave Invitational The Quiksilver in Memory of Eddie Aikau—known as The Eddie— is a surfing tournament held at Waimea Bay on the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii. Created in 1984 at Sunset, then changed to the infamous Waimea Bay where Aikau was a lifeguard and where he and his family were caretakers of the valley...	Waimea Bay, Oahu Oahu Oahu or Oahu , known as "The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous of the islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital Honolulu is located on the southeast coast... , Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	1984
Quiksilver Pro France Quiksilver Pro France Quiksilver Pro France is an event on the ASP World Surfing Tour. The event is held every year at Hossegor and Seignosse in France at the end of September.- 2009 :- Precedents years :Other renowned competitors :* Kelly Slater* Taj Burrow...	Hossegor, Seignosse Seignosse Seignosse is a commune in the Landes department in Aquitaine in south-western France.Famous for its brilliant surf spots such as Le Penon and Les Bourdaines....	France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
Quiksilver Pro Gold Coast	Coolangatta, Queensland Queensland Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean...	Australia Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...	2004
Red Bull Big Wave Africa Red Bull Big Wave Africa The Red Bull Big Wave Africa is a surfing competition held annually in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.The event is held at "Dungeons", just east of The Sentinel, a peak in Hout Bay, Cape Town. The reef has been known since the 80's as a site for large Atlantic swells breaking over a reef...	"Dungeons", Hout Bay Hout Bay Hout Bay is the name of a coastal suburb of Cape Town, South Africa with a mix of neighbourhoods from the very rich to the very poor. It lies in a valley on the Atlantic Seaboard of the Cape Peninsula and is twenty kilometres south of the Central Business District of Cape Town... , Cape Town Cape Town Cape Town is the second-most populous city in South Africa, and the provincial capital and primate city of the Western Cape. As the seat of the National Parliament, it is also the legislative capital of the country. It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality... , Western Cape Western Cape The Western Cape is a province in the south west of South Africa. The capital is Cape Town. Prior to 1994, the region that now forms the Western Cape was part of the much larger Cape Province...	South Africa South Africa The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...	2007
Reef Hawaiian Pro	Oahu, Hawaii	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...			Part of the Triple Crown of Surfing Triple Crown of Surfing The Vans Triple Crown of Surfing is a Hawaiian specialty series of professional surfing events, offering three events to men and three events to women. For the men, those events are the Reef Hawaiian Pro at Haleiwa Ali'i Beach Park; the O'Neill World Cup of Surfing at Sunset Beach; and the...
Rip Curl Pro Rip Curl Pro Formerly the Bells Beach Surf Classic, The Rip Curl Pro is an ASP World Tour surfing competition held in and around Torquay, Victoria. The event is based at Bells Beach, Victoria, Australia...	Torquay, Victoria Torquay, Victoria Torquay is a township in Victoria, Australia, which faces Bass Strait, 21 km. south of Geelong and is the gateway to the Great Ocean Road. It is bordered on the west by Spring Creek and its coastal features include Point Danger and Zeally Bay...	Australia Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...			Formerly the Bells Beach Surf Classic Bells Beach Surf Classic The Bells Beach Surf Classic is a surfing competition which has been held annually at Easter time at Bells Beach, Victoria continuously since 1961, becoming a professional competition in 1973....
Shark Island Challenge Shark Island Challenge The Shark Island Challenge , held near Cronulla, New South Wales, Australia, is the most celebrated World Tour event in bodyboarding since the elimination of the Teahupoo Challenge from the world bodyboarding tour.- History :...	Cronulla, New South Wales New South Wales New South Wales is a state of :Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales...	Australia Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...	1997
Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships Fred Hemmings, retired from competition began his career as an event promoter and ran the Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships between 1969 until 1977....
Stubbies Stubbies (surfing) The Stubbies was a surf competition held annually, in about March, at Burleigh Heads, Queensland from 1977 to 1988. The event was named after its sponsor the Stubbies clothing brand and was one of the three major Australian surfing competitions of its day .- History :The contest was established in...	Burleigh Heads, Queensland Burleigh Heads, Queensland Burleigh Heads is a suburb on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia. At the 2006 Census, Burleigh Heads had a population of 7,606.Burleigh Heads is renowned for its surf break, and is an alternative to the more tourist ridden towns of the Gold Coast...	Australia Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...	1977	1988
Surfabout Surfabout Surfabout was a surfing competition held annually in Sydney, Australia between 1974 and 1991. It was sponsored by Coca Cola and radio station 2SM and hence called the Coke Surfabout or the Coke/2SM Surfabout...	Sydney Sydney Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people...	Australia Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...	1974	1991
Surfest Surfest Surfest is an annual surfing competition held in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Surfest began in 1985 as an initiative of Newcastle City Council, and at the time, was the world's richest surfing competition...	Newcastle, New South Wales Newcastle, New South Wales The Newcastle metropolitan area is the second most populated area in the Australian state of New South Wales and includes most of the Newcastle and Lake Macquarie Local Government Areas...	Australia Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...	1985
Surfing Hainan Open	Hainan Hainan Hainan is the smallest province of the People's Republic of China . Although the province comprises some two hundred islands scattered among three archipelagos off the southern coast, of its land mass is Hainan Island , from which the province takes its name... Province	China People's Republic of China China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...	2008
Triple Crown of Surfing Triple Crown of Surfing The Vans Triple Crown of Surfing is a Hawaiian specialty series of professional surfing events, offering three events to men and three events to women. For the men, those events are the Reef Hawaiian Pro at Haleiwa Ali'i Beach Park; the O'Neill World Cup of Surfing at Sunset Beach; and the...
U.S. Open of Surfing U.S. Open of Surfing The U.S. Open of Surfing is a week-long surfing competition held annually during the summer in Huntington Beach, California. Generally held on the south side of the Huntington Beach Pier, the U.S...	Huntington Beach, California Huntington Beach, California Huntington Beach is a seaside city in Orange County in Southern California. According to the 2010 census, the city population was 189,992; making it the largest beach city in Orange County in terms of population...	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	1959
World Qualification Series (2009) World Qualification Series (2009) -What is the WQS?:To qualify for the honour of competing with the world's best surfers on the ASP World Tour, competitors amass points through a qualification programme, known as the WQS or World Qualification Series...	Various sites		1992

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.