List of active separatist movements in Asia

This is a list of currently active separatist
Separatism
Separatism is the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. While it often refers to full political secession, separatist groups may seek nothing more than greater autonomy...

movements in Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...

. Separatism includes autonomism

Autonomism

Autonomism refers to a set of left-wing political and social movements and theories close to the socialist movement. As an identifiable theoretical system it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerist communism...

and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet two criteria:

They are active movements with current, active members.
They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

De facto state: for regions with a de facto
De facto
De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...

polity
Polity
Polity is a form of government Aristotle developed in his search for a government that could be most easily incorporated and used by the largest amount of people groups, or states...

Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding or anticipated sovereign state
Sovereign state
A sovereign state, or simply, state, is a state with a defined territory on which it exercises internal and external sovereignty, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood to be a state which is neither...

Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area
Autonomous area
An autonomous area or autonomous entity is an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or freedom from an external authority. Typically it is either geographically distinct from the rest of the country or populated by a national minority. Countries that include autonomous areas are often...

but not outright secession
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question
  Government in exile
  A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a country's legitimate government, but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power, and instead resides in a foreign country. Governments in exile usually operate under the assumption that they will one day return to their...
  
  , with or without control
- Political party (or parties): for political parties
  Political party
  A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
  
  involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations
  Irregular military
  Irregular military refers to any non-standard military. Being defined by exclusion, there is significant variance in what comes under the term. It can refer to the type of military organization, or to the type of tactics used....
  
  or insurgencies
  Insurgency
  An insurgency is an armed rebellion against a constituted authority when those taking part in the rebellion are not recognized as belligerents...
- Advocacy group(s): for nonviolent, non-electoral, participatory entities
  Advocacy group
  Advocacy groups use various forms of advocacy to influence public opinion and/or policy; they have played and continue to play an important part in the development of political and social systems...

Afghanistan

Badakhshan

Badakhshan is an historic region comprising parts of what is now northeastern Afghanistan and southeastern Tajikistan. The name is retained in Badakhshan Province which is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, in the far northeast of Afghanistan, and contains the Wakhan Corridor...

(Wakhan

Wakhan

Wakhan or "the Wakhan" is a very mountainous and rugged part of the Pamir and Karakoram regions of Afghanistan. Wakhan District is a district in Badakshan Province.-Geography:...

Corridor)

Proposed autonomous area: United Badakhshan Peoples Republic
- Political party: Lali Badakhshon

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was founded in 1996 when the Taliban began their rule of Afghanistan and ended with their fall from power in 2001...

Proposed state: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was founded in 1996 when the Taliban began their rule of Afghanistan and ended with their fall from power in 2001...
- Military movement: Taliban

Bangladesh

Hindu Republic of Bangabhumi or Bir Bango

Proposed autonomous area: Bangabhumi
Bangabhumi
Bangabhumi also known as Bir Bango , is a separatist movement to create a Hindu country using southwestern Bangladesh, envisioned by politicians from West Bengal, India and Banga Sena of Hindu of West Bengal.The movement was founded in 1973 in India soon after Bangladeshi independence to support...
- Political Party: Banga Sena
  Banga Sena
  The Banga Sena is a separatist Hindu organization which advocates formation of a separate homeland for Bengali Hindus in Bangladesh. The group is led by Kalidas Baidya....

Chittagong Hill Tracts

The Chittagong Hill Tracts comprise an area of 13,295 km2 in south-eastern Bangladesh, and borders India and Myanmar . It was a single district of Bangladesh until 1984. In that year it was divided into three separate districts: Khagrachari, Rangamati and Bandarban. Topographically, this is the...

(member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

)

Proposed autonomous area: Chakma Autonomous Region
- Political Party: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti

Burma
Arakan
Rakhine State
Rakhine State is a Burmese state. Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State in the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region in the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west, and the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. It is located approximately between...

Proposed state: Arakan Federation
Rakhine State
Rakhine State is a Burmese state. Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State in the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region in the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west, and the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. It is located approximately between...
- Advocacy group: Arakan Independence Alliance

Chin people
Chin people
The Chin , known as the Kuki in Assam, are one of the ethnic groups in Burma. The Chins are found mainly in western part of Burma and numbered circa 1.5 million. They also live in nearby Indian states of Nagaland, Mizoram and Manipur and Assam. Owing to Mizo influence and Baptist missionaries'...

Proposed state: Republic of Zo Asia
- Militant organisation: Chin National Front (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )

Kachin
Kachin State
Kachin State , is the northernmost state of Burma. It is bordered by China to the north and east; Shan State to the south; and Sagaing Division and India to the west. It lies between north latitude 23° 27' and 28° 25' longitude 96° 0' and 98° 44'. The area of Kachin State is . The capital of the...

Proposed state:Kachinland
- Political party: Kachin National Organization

Karen people
Karen people
The Karen or Kayin people , are a Sino-Tibetan language speaking ethnic group which resides primarily in southern and southeastern Burma . The Karen make up approximately 7 percent of the total Burmese population of approximately 50 million people...

Proposed state: Republic of Kawthoolei
- Militant organisation: Karen National Liberation Army
  Karen National Liberation Army
  The Karen National Liberation Army is the military branch of the Karen National Union , which campaigns for the self-determination of the Karen people of Burma. The KNLA has been fighting the Burmese government since 1949....
- Advocacy group: Karen National Union
  Karen National Union
  The Karen National Union is a political organisation with an armed wing, the Karen National Liberation Army that represents the Karen people of Burma. It operates in Eastern Burma, and has underground networks in other areas of Burma where Karen people live. In Karen, this Karen area is called...

Karenni
Karenni
Red Karen also known as Karenni, is a subgroup of the Karen people, a Sino-Tibetan people living mostly in Kayah State of Burma....

Proposed state: United Karenni Independent States
- Militant organisation: Karenni Army
  Karenni Army
  The Karenni Army; abbreviated KA) is the military branch of the Karenni National Progressive Party , which campaigns for the self-determination of the Karenni people of Burma....
- Advocacy group: Karenni National Progressive Party (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )
- Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government

Kuki people
Kuki people
The Kukis are an ethnic group that spread throughout the Northeastern region of India, Northwest Burma and Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh. In Northeast India they are present in all the states except Arunachal Pradesh. This dispersal across international borders is mainly attributed to the...

Proposed state: Kukiland
- Militant organisation: Kuki National Army
- Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation

Mon

Proposed state: Mon State
Mon State
Mon State is an administrative division of Myanmar. It is sandwiched between Kayin State on the east, the Andaman Sea on the west, Bago Region on the north and Tanintharyi Region on the south, and has a short border with Thailand's Kanchanaburi Province at its south-eastern tip. The land area is...
- Political party: New Mon State Party

Nagaland
Nagaland
Nagaland is a state in the far north-eastern part of India. It borders the state of Assam to the west, Arunachal Pradesh and part of Assam to the north, Burma to the east and Manipur to the south. The state capital is Kohima, and the largest city is Dimapur...

Proposed state: Nagalim or Peoples Republic of Nagaland
- Militant organisation: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
  National Socialist Council of Nagaland
  The Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland is a Naga nationalist militant group operating in Northeast India. Its aim is to establish a Christian socialist state based on Maoism in the areas inhabited by the Naga people in Northeast India and Burma.-Formation:The National Socialist Council of...
  
  (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )
- Government-in-exile: Government of the People's Republic of Nagaland

Rohingya people
Rohingya people
The Rohingya is a predominantly Muslim ethnic group of disputed origin who live in Arakan State, western Burma. The Rohingya population is mostly concentrated to the cities of Maungdaw, Buthidaung, Akyab, Rathedaung and Kyauktaw.-Etymology:...

Proposed state: Northern Arakan State of Arakan Federation
- Advocacy group: Arakan Rohingya National Organization

Shan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

)

Proposed state:
Federated Shan States
- Political party: Shan Democratic Union
- Militant organisation: Shan State Army
  Shan State Army
  The Shan State Army, or SSA, was an army formed in 1964 to resist the military government of Burma in Shan State.It later split into two factions, usually known in English as the Shan State Army - South or SSA-S, which continues to oppose the government, and the Shan State Army - North or SSA-N,...
- Advocacy group: Restoration Council of Shan State

Va people
Va people
The Va nationality lives mainly in Northern Burma, in the northern part of Shan and eastern Kachin States, near and along the border with China. Their defacto capital is Pangkham in the unofficial Wa State in North Eastern Shan state. The majority of the Va live in Burma...

Proposed state:
State of Wa Asia
- Political party: United Wa State Party
- Militant organisation: United Wa State Army
  United Wa State Army
  The United Wa State Army is an ethnic minority army of an estimated 30,000 Wa soldiers of Myanmar's Special Region No. 2 led by Bao Youxiang . There is no recognised Wa State in Myanmar, which is divided into divisions, states, and special regions...

Zomi
Zomi
Zomi is the name of a major tribe found in various parts of South and South East Asia. The term Zomi meaning, 'Zo People' is derived from the generic name 'Zo', the progenitor of the Zomi. They are found in northwestern Myanmar, northeastern India and Bangladesh. Anthropologists classify them as...

Proposed state: Zomi Asia or Federated State of Zomi
- Political parties: Zomi National Congress
  Zomi National Congress
  The Zomi National Congress is the name of a political party in Burma, registered in 1988. It was permitted to function as a political organization until 1992, when the Burma military government abolished the party, and banned it from all political activities...
  
  , Zomi Reunification Organization
- Militant organisations: Zomi National Front/Army, Zomi revolutionary army
  Zomi revolutionary army
  The Zomi Revolutionary Army, formed n April 1993 at Phapian , Burma is the armed wing of the Zomi Revolutionary Organization...

China
Ningxia
Ningxia
Ningxia, formerly transliterated as Ningsia, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Located in Northwest China, on the Loess Plateau, the Yellow River flows through this vast area of land. The Great Wall of China runs along its northeastern boundary...

De facto state:
Proposed state: Republic of Ningxia
- Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition
  Pan-Green Coalition
  The Pan-Green Coalition or Pan-Green Camp, is an informal political alliance of the Republic of China, commonly known as "Taiwan", consisting of the Democratic Progressive Party , Taiwan Solidarity Union , and the minor Taiwan Independence Party...
  
  (Democratic Progressive Party
  Democratic Progressive Party
  The Democratic Progressive Party is a political party in Taiwan, and the dominant party in the Pan-Green Coalition. Founded in 1986, DPP is the first meaningful opposition party in Taiwan. It has traditionally been associated with strong advocacy of human rights and a distinct Taiwanese identity,...
  
  , Taiwan Solidarity Union
  Taiwan Solidarity Union
  The Taiwan Solidarity Union is a political party in the Republic of China which advocates Taiwan independence. It was officially founded on July 24, 2001 and is considered part of the Pan-Green Coalition. Unlike the Democratic Progressive Party, its larger companion party in the Pan-Green...
  
  , Taiwan Independence Party
  Taiwan Independence Party
  The Taiwan Independence Party 建國黨 , otherwise known as the Taiwan Nation Party, is a political party in the Republic of China .It is usually associated with the Pan-Green Coalition and supports Taiwan independence....
  
  )
- Advocacy groups: Ningxia Foundation for Democracy (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )

Taiwan

Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...

De facto state: Republic of China

Proposed state: Republic of Taiwan
- Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition
  Pan-Green Coalition
  The Pan-Green Coalition or Pan-Green Camp, is an informal political alliance of the Republic of China, commonly known as "Taiwan", consisting of the Democratic Progressive Party , Taiwan Solidarity Union , and the minor Taiwan Independence Party...
  
  (Democratic Progressive Party
  Democratic Progressive Party
  The Democratic Progressive Party is a political party in Taiwan, and the dominant party in the Pan-Green Coalition. Founded in 1986, DPP is the first meaningful opposition party in Taiwan. It has traditionally been associated with strong advocacy of human rights and a distinct Taiwanese identity,...
  
  , Taiwan Solidarity Union
  Taiwan Solidarity Union
  The Taiwan Solidarity Union is a political party in the Republic of China which advocates Taiwan independence. It was officially founded on July 24, 2001 and is considered part of the Pan-Green Coalition. Unlike the Democratic Progressive Party, its larger companion party in the Pan-Green...
  
  , Taiwan Independence Party
  Taiwan Independence Party
  The Taiwan Independence Party 建國黨 , otherwise known as the Taiwan Nation Party, is a political party in the Republic of China .It is usually associated with the Pan-Green Coalition and supports Taiwan independence....
  
  )
- Advocacy groups: Taiwan Foundation for Democracy
  Taiwan Foundation for Democracy
  The Taiwan Foundation for Democracy is an non-profit organisation headquartered in Taipei. Originally proposed by the Taiwanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Foundation's purpose is to promote democracy around the world...
  
  (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )

Tibet

Proposed state: Tibet
- Government-in-exile: The 14th Dalai Lama
  14th Dalai Lama
  The 14th Dalai Lama is the 14th and current Dalai Lama. Dalai Lamas are the most influential figures in the Gelugpa lineage of Tibetan Buddhism, although the 14th has consolidated control over the other lineages in recent years...
  
  , head of the Tibetan Government in Exile
  Central Tibetan Administration
  The Central Tibetan Administration , is an organisation based in India with the stated goals of "rehabilitating Tibetan refugees and restoring freedom and happiness in Tibet". It was established by the 14th Dalai Lama in 1959 shortly after his exile from Tibet...
  
  (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )
- Political parties: International Tibet Independence Movement
  International Tibet Independence Movement
  The Tibetan independence movement is a movement for the independence of the lands where Tibetan people live and the political separation of those lands from the People's Republic of China. It is principally led by the Tibetan diaspora in countries like India and the United States, and by...
  
  , National Democratic Party of Tibet
  National Democratic Party of Tibet
  National Democratic Party of Tibet is the only political party created by and for Tibetans "in exile"....
  
  , United Liberation Front of Tibet
- Advocacy group: Students for a Free Tibet
  Students for a Free Tibet
  Students For a Free Tibet is a global grassroots network of students and activists working in solidarity with the Tibetan people for human rights and freedom. The group uses education, advocacy, and nonviolent direct action with the goal of achieving Tibetan independence...

Islamic Republic of East Turkestan

Proposed state: East Turkestan
East Turkestan
East Turkestan is a controversial political term with multiple meanings depending on context and usage...
- Political party: Government-in-exile of East Turkistan Republic, East Turkestan Independence Movement
  East Turkestan independence movement
  The East Turkestan independence movement is a broad term that refers to advocates of an independent, self-governing East Turkestan in the region now known as Xinjiang, an autonomous region in the People's Republic of China.-Historical background:...
- Militant organisation: East Turkestan Islamic Movement
  East Turkestan Islamic Movement
  The East Turkestan Islamic Movement The East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM) The East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM) (also known as the Turkistan Islamic Movement (TIM), and other names; is a Waziri based mujahideen organization. Its stated goals are the independence of East Turkestan and the...
  
  , East Turkestan Liberation Organization
  East Turkestan Liberation Organization
  The East Turkestan Liberation Organization is a secessionist Uyghur organization that advocates an independent state called "East Turkestan" in the Western Chinese territory known as Xinjiang...
- Advocacy groups: World Uyghur Congress
  World Uyghur Congress
  The World Uyghur Congress is an international organisation of exiled Uyghur groups said to "represent the collective interest of the Uyghur people" both inside and outside of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China...
  
  (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )

Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...

Proposed state: Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...
- Political parties:
  Inner Mongolian People's Party
  Inner Mongolian People's Party
  The Inner Mongolian People's Party, or IMPP is an Inner Mongolian secessionist movement. The party was started in 1997 in Princeton, New Jersey...
  
  (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  ), Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance
  Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance
  The Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance was created in May 1992, by Hada and other Mongol activists including Tegexi. Its major goal is the self-determination of Inner Mongolia .-Historical background:...
  
  , Mongolian Liberal Union Party

Manchu people

Proposed autonomous area: Manchu autonomous region

Yi people
Yi people
The Yi or Lolo people are an ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. Numbering 8 million, they are the seventh largest of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China...

Proposed autonomous area: Yi autonomous region

India

The north east region states demanding the separate state in country not the separate country. All militant forces in north east region of India are demanding the development of their tribe and negotiation directly with center government of India. This is not a independence moment it is style of their negotiation.

Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh is a state of India, located in the far northeast. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Burma in the east, Bhutan in the west, and the People's Republic of China in the north. The majority of the territory is claimed by...

Proposed autonomous area: Teola country
- Militant organisation: Arunachal Dragon Force
  Arunachal Dragon Force
  The Arunachal Dragon Force , also known as the East India Liberation Front, is a violent secessionist movement in the eastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh...

Proposed autonomous area: Hajong Chakma Homeland
- Political organisation: All Hajong Chakma Homeland Movement

Assam
Assam
Assam , also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province , is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country...

Proposed state: Assam
Assam
Assam , also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province , is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country...

Bodoland
Bodoland
Bodoland is an area located in the north bank of Brahmaputra river in the state of Assam in north east region of India, by the foothills of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh; inhabited predominantly by the Bodo people. Currently the map of Bodoland includes the Bodoland Territorial Areas District ...
- Militant organisation: United Liberation Front of Assam, Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam
  Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam
  Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam is an Islamist extremist organization founded around 1996 in the eastern Indian state of Assam. The South Asia Terrorism Portal describes it as part of the All Muslim United Liberation Forum of Assam , and that Muslim United Liberation Front of Assam is a...
  
  , National Democratic Front of Bodoland
  National Democratic Front of Bodoland
  The National Democratic Front of Bodoland, also known as NDFB or the Bodo Security Force, is a terrorist outfit which seeks to obtain a sovereign Bodoland for the Bodo people in Assam, India. The founder of the organization, Ransaigra Nabla Daimary, alias Ranjan Daimary has been arrested and...

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir is the northernmost state of India. It is situated mostly in the Himalayan mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south and internationally with the People's Republic of China to the north and east and the...

(occupied/disputed area)

Proposed state: Independent United States of Kashmir
- Political organisations: All Parties Hurriyat Conference
  All Parties Hurriyat Conference
  The All Parties Hurriyat Conference is a political front formed as an alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations in Kashmir. It was formed achieving the right of self-determination according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 47...
  
  , Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
  Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
  The Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front , founded by Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat, is a Kashmiri nationalist organization founded in Birmingham, UK on May 29, 1977. From then until 1994 it was an active terrorist organization with branches in several cities and towns of the UK, and in several other...
- Militant organisations: Lashkar-e-Toiba
  Lashkar-e-Toiba
  Lashkar-e-Taiba – also transliterated as Lashkar-i-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba, Lashkar-i-Taiba, Lashkar Taiba or LeT – is one of the largest and most active militant Islamist terrorist organizations in South Asia, operating mainly from Pakistan.It was founded by Hafiz Muhammad...
  
  , Harkat-ul-mujahideen
  Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
  Harkat-ul-Mujahideen- al-Islami is a Pakistan-based Islamic militant group operating primarily in Kashmir. In 1997, the United States designated Harakat al-Ansar a foreign terrorist organization for links to Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda, and in response the organization changed its name to...
  
  , Jaish-e-Mohammad

Manipur
Manipur
Manipur is a state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. Manipur is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west; it also borders Burma to the east. It covers an area of...

Proposed state: Republic of Manipur
- Militant organisations: Hmar People's Convention–Democrat, Manipur People’s Liberation Front, United National Liberation Front
  United National Liberation Front
  The United National Liberation Front is an insurgent group in the state of Manipur in the north-east of India. The UNLF aims to establish an independent socialist Manipur...
  
  , Revolutionary People's Front of Manipur, People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak

Mizoram
Mizoram
Mizoram is one of the Seven Sister States in North Eastern India, sharing borders with the states of Tripura, Assam, Manipur and with the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Burma. Mizoram became the 23rd state of India on 20 February 1987. Its capital is Aizawl. Mizoram is located in the...

Proposed state: Zozam
- Militant organisations: Zomi Revolutionary Organization, Mizoram Farmers Liberation Force

Proposed state: Nagalim or People's Republic of Nagaland
- Government-in-exile: Government of the People's Republic of Nagaland
- Militant organisation: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
  National Socialist Council of Nagaland
  The Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland is a Naga nationalist militant group operating in Northeast India. Its aim is to establish a Christian socialist state based on Maoism in the areas inhabited by the Naga people in Northeast India and Burma.-Formation:The National Socialist Council of...

Punjab
Punjab region
The Punjab , also spelled Panjab |water]]s"), is a geographical region straddling the border between Pakistan and India which includes Punjab province in Pakistan and the states of the Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and some northern parts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi...

Proposed state: Khalistan
Khalistan
Khalistan refers to a global political secessionist movement to create a separate Sikh state, called Khālistān , carved out of parts mostly consisting of the Punjab region of India, depending on definition....

see Khalistan Movement
Khalistan movement
Khalistan refers to a global political secessionist movement to create a separate Sikh state, called Khālistān , carved out of parts mostly consisting of the Punjab region of India, depending on definition....

Indonesia
Indonesia is a transcontinental country. See also List of active separatist movements in Oceania#Indonesia

Aceh
Aceh
Aceh is a special region of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. Its full name is Daerah Istimewa Aceh , Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam and Aceh . Past spellings of its name include Acheh, Atjeh and Achin...

Proposed state:
Republic of Aceh
Aceh
Aceh is a special region of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. Its full name is Daerah Istimewa Aceh , Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam and Aceh . Past spellings of its name include Acheh, Atjeh and Achin...
- Militant organisation: Free Aceh Movement
  Free Aceh Movement
  The Free Aceh Movement , also known as the Aceh Sumatra National Liberation Front , was a separatist group seeking independence for the Aceh region of Sumatra from Indonesia. GAM fought against Indonesian government forces in the Aceh Insurgency from 1976 to 2005, costing over 15,000 lives...
  
  (the movement reached an agreement with the Indonesian government in 2005, the separatist movement is no longer exists.

Riau

Proposed state:
Riau

South Moluccas
Maluku Islands
The Maluku Islands are an archipelago that is part of Indonesia, and part of the larger Maritime Southeast Asia region. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone...

Proposed state:
South Moluccas
- Government-in-exile: Republik Maluku Selatan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )
- Advocacy group: Maluku Sovereignty Front
  Maluku Sovereignty Front
  The Maluku Sovereignty Front is a secessionist movement on Ambon Island, ostensibly aiming to restore the Republic of the South Moluccas . They have been monitored by the Indonesian military for stockpiling weapons and flying the RMS flag in public places. Official sources claim that the group...

West Papua

Militant organisation: Free Papua Movement
Free Papua Movement
The Free Papua Movement is a militant organisation established in 1965 to encourage and effect the violent overthrow of the current governments in the Papua and West Papua provinces of Indonesia, formerly known as Irian Jaya to secede from Indonesia, and to reject economic development and...

Iran
Azerbaijan (Iran)
Azerbaijan (Iran)
Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan , also Iranian Azerbaijan, Persian Azarbaijan is a region in northwestern Iran. It is also historically known as Atropatene and Aturpatakan....

Proposed state: South Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (Iran)
Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan , also Iranian Azerbaijan, Persian Azarbaijan is a region in northwestern Iran. It is also historically known as Atropatene and Aturpatakan....
- Political party: GAMOH (Southern Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement), a Baku-based separatist organisation that advocates for the separation of Iranian Azerbaijan from Iran and unification with the Republic of Azerbaijan. According to them, the predominantly ethnic Persian provinces of Hamadan, Qazvin and Karaj and the whole of the ethnically mixed province of West Azerbaijan are parts of Azerbaijan.

Pan-Turkism
Pan-Turkism
Pan-Turkism is a nationalist movement that emerged in 1880s among the Turkic intellectuals of the Russian Empire, with the aim of cultural and political unification of all Turkic peoples.-Name:...

party

Khūzestān

Khuzestan Province

Khuzestan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southwest of the country, bordering Iraq's Basra Province and the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Ahwaz and covers an area of 63,238 km²...

Proposed state: al-Ahwaz

- Militant organisations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation
- Advocacy group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )

Kurdish people
Kurdish people
The Kurdish people, or Kurds , are an Iranian people native to the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey...

Proposed state:
Kurdistan
- Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran
  Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran
  The Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan , abbreviated as PDKI, KDPI, PDK-I, is a Kurdish political party in Iranian Kurdistan which seeks the attainment of Kurdish national rights within a democratic federal republic of Iran....
  
  (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )
- Militant organisations: Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan
  Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan
  The Party of Free Life of Kurdistan , is a militant Kurdish nationalist group with bases in the mountainous regions of northern Iraq, which has...
  
  , Komalah
  Komalah
  Komala or Komalah is a Kurdish political party in Iran . The word Komele in Kurdish is derived from Komel and means "association".-Political background:...

Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Proposed state: Balochistan
Balochistan
Balochistan or Baluchistan is a region which covers parts of Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. It can also refer to one of several modern and historical territories within that region:...
- Political party: Balochistan People's Party
  Balochistan People's Party
  The Baluchistan People's Party is a Baluch nationalist political party based in Iran, that seeks political, economic and cultural rights for the Baluch people within a federal, secular and democratic political system in Iran.-External links:* *...
- Militant organisations: Jundallah (Iran)

Iraq
Assyrian people
Assyrian people
The Assyrian people are a distinct ethnic group whose origins lie in ancient Mesopotamia...

Kurdistan

Proposed state:
Kurdistan
- Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
  Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
  The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan is a Kurdish political party in Iraqi Kurdistan. The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan was founded on June 1, 1975, by coordinations between Jalal Talabani and Nawshirwan Mustafa...
  
  (members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )

Salahuddin

Proposed autonomy: Salahuddin
- Political party: Iraqi Baath Party

Turkmeneli
Turkmeneli
Turkmeneli is the territory claimed as homeland by the Iraqi Turkmen Front.Turkmeneli includes within its boundaries Kirkuk, Tel Afar, Erbil, Madali, Mosul, and Tuz Khormato.-External links:...

(member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

)

Proposed state:
Turkmeneli
Turkmeneli
Turkmeneli is the territory claimed as homeland by the Iraqi Turkmen Front.Turkmeneli includes within its boundaries Kirkuk, Tel Afar, Erbil, Madali, Mosul, and Tuz Khormato.-External links:...
- Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front
  Iraqi Turkmen Front
  The Iraqi Turkmen Front is a political movement founded in 1995 which seeks to represent the Turkmen people of Iraq. Since the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003, the ITF has contested control of Kirkuk and other areas of northern Iraq....

Israel

Palestine
Palestinian territories
The Palestinian territories comprise the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Since the Palestinian Declaration of Independence in 1988, the region is today recognized by three-quarters of the world's countries as the State of Palestine or simply Palestine, although this status is not recognized by the...

Representative of the Palestinian people
Palestinian people
The Palestinian people, also referred to as Palestinians or Palestinian Arabs , are an Arabic-speaking people with origins in Palestine. Despite various wars and exoduses, roughly one third of the world's Palestinian population continues to reside in the area encompassing the West Bank, the Gaza...

: Palestine Liberation Organisation

De facto autonomous government: Palestinian National Authority
Palestinian National Authority
The Palestinian Authority is the administrative organization established to govern parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip...

, Hamas
Hamas
Hamas is the Palestinian Sunni Islamic or Islamist political party that governs the Gaza Strip. Hamas also has a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades...

(In Gaza strip)
Proposed state: Palestine
State of Palestine
Palestine , officially declared as the State of Palestine , is a state that was proclaimed in exile in Algiers on 15 November 1988, when the Palestine Liberation Organization's National Council adopted the unilateral Palestinian Declaration of Independence...
- Political parties: Hamas
  Hamas
  Hamas is the Palestinian Sunni Islamic or Islamist political party that governs the Gaza Strip. Hamas also has a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades...
  
  , Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
  Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
  The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine is a Palestinian Marxist-Leninist, secular political and military organization. It is also frequently referred to as the Democratic Front, or al-Jabha al-Dimuqratiyah...
  
  , Fatah
  Fatah
  Fataḥ is a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization , a multi-party confederation. In Palestinian politics it is on the left-wing of the spectrum; it is mainly nationalist, although not predominantly socialist. Its official goals are found...
  
  , Palestine Liberation Front
  Palestine Liberation Front
  The Palestine Liberation Front is a Palestinian militant group, which is designated as a terrorist organization by Canada, the European Union and the USA. It is presently led by Dr. Wasel Abu Yousef.-Origins:...
  
  , Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
  The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine is a Palestinian Marxist-Leninist organisation founded in 1967. It has consistently been the second-largest of the groups forming the Palestine Liberation Organization , the largest being Fatah...
- Militant organisations: al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade (now officially known as al-Shaid Yasser Arafat Brigades), Hamas
  Hamas
  Hamas is the Palestinian Sunni Islamic or Islamist political party that governs the Gaza Strip. Hamas also has a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades...
  
  , Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Tanzim
  Tanzim
  Tanzim is a militant faction of the Palestinian Fatah movement.-Overview:The Tanzim militia, founded in 1995 to counter Palestinian Islamism, is widely considered to be an armed offshoot of Fatah with its own leadership structure...

State of Judea

The State of Judea is a proposed halachic state in the West Bank put forward by Israeli Jewish settlers. After the PLO declared the existence of a Palestinian state in 1988, some settler activists feared that international pressure would lead Israel to withdraw from the West Bank and sought to...

(Jewish settlers

Israeli settlement

An Israeli settlement is a Jewish civilian community built on land that was captured by Israel from Jordan, Egypt, and Syria during the 1967 Six-Day War and is considered occupied territory by the international community. Such settlements currently exist in the West Bank...

in the West Bank

West Bank

The West Bank ) of the Jordan River is the landlocked geographical eastern part of the Palestinian territories located in Western Asia. To the west, north, and south, the West Bank shares borders with the state of Israel. To the east, across the Jordan River, lies the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan...

(Judea and Samaria Area))

Proposed state: State of Judea
State of Judea
The State of Judea is a proposed halachic state in the West Bank put forward by Israeli Jewish settlers. After the PLO declared the existence of a Palestinian state in 1988, some settler activists feared that international pressure would lead Israel to withdraw from the West Bank and sought to...

Japan

Ryūkyūs/Ryukyuan people

Proposed state: Republic of the Ryūkyūs
- Political group: Ryukyu independence movement
  Ryukyu independence movement
  The or Republic of the Ryūkyūs is a movement for the independence of Okinawa and the surrounding islands , from Japan. The movement emerged in 1945, after the end of the Pacific War...
  
  , Kariyushi Club
  Kariyushi Club
  , formerly called , is the local party in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, seeking an independent Ryukyu, the . The current party leader is . Kariyushi is Okinawan for "happy" or "harmony with nature".-History:...
  
  (formerly Ryūkyū Independent Party)

Laos

Hmong people

The Hmong , are an Asian ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity in southern China...

Proposed state: Hmong ChaoFa Federated State (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

)

Pakistan

Balochistan

Balochistan (Pakistan)

Balochistan is one of the four provinces or federating units of Pakistan. With an area of 134,051 mi2 or , it is the largest province of Pakistan, constituting approximately 44% of the total land mass of Pakistan. According to the 1998 population census, Balochistan had a population of...

Proposed state:
Balochistan
Balochistan
Balochistan or Baluchistan is a region which covers parts of Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. It can also refer to one of several modern and historical territories within that region:...
- Political party: Balochistan National Party
  Balochistan National Party
  The Balochistan National Party or Balochistan National Party is a political party in Balochistan, Pakistan...
  
  (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )
- Militant organisations: Balochistan Liberation Army
  Balochistan Liberation Army
  The Balochistan Liberation Army is a terrorist group based in Balochistan, a mountainous region within southern Iran and Pakistan. The organization is a participant in the Balochistan conflict and strives to establish an independent state of Balochistan, free of Pakistani and Iranian rule...

Gilgit-Baltistan

Proposed state: Republic of Gilgit Baltistan
- Political party: Gilgit Baltistan United Movement

Sindh

Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...

Proposed state: Sindhudesh
Sindhudesh
Sindhudesh is a concept floated by some Sindhi nationalists in Pakistan, for the creation of a Sindhi state, which would either be independent from, or autonomous within Pakistan. It was conceived by senior Sindhi political leader G. M. Syed...
- Advocacy group: World Sindhi Institute (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)

Philippines

Bangsamoro

The term Bangsamoro refers to a people who are natives or original inhabitants of the island of Mindanao and its adjacent islands in the Philippines, including Palawan and the Sulu archipelago at the time of conquest or colonization...

Proposed state: Federal Republic of Mindanao
- Political party: Moro National Liberation Front
  Moro National Liberation Front
  The Moro National Liberation Front is a political organization that was founded by Nur Misuari in 1969. The MNLF struggles against the Philippine Government to achieve independence of the Bangsamoro Land...
- Militant organisation: Moro Islamic Liberation Front
  Moro Islamic Liberation Front
  The Moro Islamic Liberation Front is an Islamist group located in the southern Philippines. It is one of two Islamic militant groups, the other being the Abu Sayyaf, that are fighting against Government of the Philippines...

Cordillera Administrative Region

The Cordillera Administrative Region is a region in the Philippines composed of the provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province, as well as Baguio City, the regional center. The Cordillera Administrative Region encompasses most of the areas within the Cordillera...

Proposed state: Cordillera
- Political party: Cordillera Bodong Association
- Militant organisation: Cordillera People's Liberation Army
- Advocacy group: Cordillera Peoples' Alliance (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )

Russia

Altai Republic

Altai Republic is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the town of Gorno-Altaysk. The area of the republic is . Population: -Geography:...

Proposed state:
Altai Republic
Altai Republic
Altai Republic is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the town of Gorno-Altaysk. The area of the republic is . Population: -Geography:...

Buryatia

Proposed state:
Buryatia
- Political party: All-Buryat Association for the Development of Culture (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )

Khakassia

The Republic of Khakassia or Khakasiya is a federal subject of Russia located in south-central Siberia. Its capital city is Abakan, which is also the largest city in the republic...

Proposed state:
Khakassia
Khakassia
The Republic of Khakassia or Khakasiya is a federal subject of Russia located in south-central Siberia. Its capital city is Abakan, which is also the largest city in the republic...

Sakha Republic

Proposed state: Sakha Republic
- Political party: Sakha-Amuk

Tuva

The Tyva Republic , or Tuva , is a federal subject of Russia . It lies in the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders with the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and the Republic of Buryatia in Russia and with Mongolia to the...

(member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

)

Proposed state:
Tuva
Tuva
The Tyva Republic , or Tuva , is a federal subject of Russia . It lies in the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders with the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and the Republic of Buryatia in Russia and with Mongolia to the...
- Political parties: People's Party of Sovereign Tuva, People's Front "Free Tuva"

Sri Lanka

Tamil people

Tamil people , also called Tamils or Tamilians, are an ethnic group native to Tamil Nadu, India and the north-eastern region of Sri Lanka. Historic and post 15th century emigrant communities are also found across the world, notably Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, South Africa, Australia, Canada,...

Proposed state: Tamil Eelam
Tamil Eelam
Tamil Eelam , is the name given by certain Tamils in Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora to the independent state which they aspire to create in the north and east of Sri Lanka. Tamil Eelam has no official status or recognition by any other state or authority...
- Militant organisation: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
  Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
  The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam was a separatist militant organization formerly based in northern Sri Lanka. Founded in May 1976 by Vellupillai Prabhakaran, it waged a violent secessionist and nationalist campaign to create an independent state in the north and east of Sri Lanka for Tamil...

Syria

Assyrian people

The Assyrian people are a distinct ethnic group whose origins lie in ancient Mesopotamia...

See #Iran

Kurdistan

Proposed state:
Kurdistan
- Political party: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria
- Militant organisation: Kurdistan Workers Party
  Kurdistan Workers Party
  The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...

Tajikistan

Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

Proposed state:
- Political party: Lali Badakhshon

Thailand

Patani

Proposed state: Greater Patani State (Negara Patani Raya)
- Militant organisation: Patani United Liberation Organization
  Patani United Liberation Organization
  The Patani United Liberation Organization or PULO is one of the active separatist movements calling for a free and independent Patani...

Uzbekistan

Karakalpakstan

Proposed state:
Karakalpakstan
- Advocacy group: Free Karakalpakstan National Revival Party

Vietnam

Degar

The Degar are the indigenous peoples of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The term Montagnard means "mountain people" in French and is a carryover from the French colonial period in Vietnam. In Vietnamese, they are known by the term thượng - this term can also be applied to other minority ethnic...

Proposed autonomous area: Tây Nguyên
Tây Nguyên
Tây Nguyên, translated as Western Highlands and sometimes also called Central Highlands, is one of the regions of Vietnam. It contains the provinces of Đắk Lắk, Đắk Nông, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Lâm Đồng....
- Advocacy group: Montagnard Foundation, Inc. (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )

Yemen

Aden

Aden is a seaport city in Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea , some 170 kilometres east of Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000. Aden's ancient, natural harbour lies in the crater of an extinct volcano which now forms a peninsula, joined to the mainland by a...

South Yemen

Proposed state:
South Yemen
- Political party: South Yemen Movement