All Parties Hurriyat Conference
Encyclopedia
The All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) (formed March 10, 1993) is a political front formed as an alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations in Kashmir
. It was formed achieving the right of self-determination
according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 47
. "Hurriyat" in Koshur (as well as in Arabic, Urdu
and Persian
, from which the word is loaned) means "liberty". Tabish Bhat was elected its leader in January 2010.
of Ittihadul Muslimeen
, Shakeel Bakshi
's Islamic Students League, Muslim Conference led Abdul Ghani Bhat. Mirwaiz Omar Farooq
then the Chairman of the J & K Awami Action Committee played an important role in forming the Conference. Current members include:
However,Hurriyat Conference is led by Basit Bhat. Hurriyat Conference got split after the 2002 Assembly elections when some of its constituents participated in the Assembly elections violating the hurriyat constitution.From then there are two factions of Hurriyat conferences one led by the most popular resistense leader of Kashmir Syed Ali Shah Geelani and the other by Mirwaiz Umer Farooq,son of late Molvi Farooq who was assassinated in early ninetees.
Thy Hurriyat led by Syed Ali Geelani demands a clear break and liberation from the Indian union.
Members of the Executive Council of the APHC are:
. Yasin Malik is the chairman of one of the two faction of JKLF, the chairman for other faction is Farooq Siddiqi (Farooq Papa). The Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), founded by Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat, is a Kashmiri Muslim political organization founded in Birmingham, UK on May 29, 1977. Within a couple of years branches were established in several cities and towns of the UK; and also in several countries of Europe, USA and Middle East. In 1982 branches of this Islamic Militant organisation were established in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, Pakistan and in 1987 in Indian-administered Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) which shows it essential foreign origin.
In 2007 Yasin Malik and his party launched a peaceful campaign known as Safar-i-Azadi (Journey to Freedom). This journey was to create an atmosphere for anti-Indian agitations among public which lasted for one year and during it, Yasin Malik and his colleagues visited about 3500 towns and villages of Kashmir. Stone pelting and sporadic attacks by Muslim majority of Kashmir of security forces have increased hence forth. In November 2009, Kashmiri Pandits were reported to have been subjected to death threats and attacks; the Hurriyat Conference never responded by promising them security. In January 2010, Yasin asked Kashmiri Pandit migrants not to return to their homes in the Kashmir valley, but was arrested a few days later.
, generally supported India. The elected Constituent Assembly
met for the first time in Srinagar
on October 31, 1951. Then The State Constituent Assembly ratified the accession of the State to the Union of India on February 6, 1954 and the President of India subsequently issued the Constitution (Application to J&K) Order under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution extending the Union Constitution to the State with some exceptions and modifications. The State’s own Constitution came into force on January 26, 1957 under which the elections to the State Legislative Assembly were held for the first time on the basis of adult franchise the same year. This Constitution further reiterated the ratification of the State’s accession to Union of India. However, these tidings were not recognized by Pakistan, which has continued to press for a plebiscite to ascertain the wishes of the people. Pakistan set up its own Kashmir, called Azad Kashmir
in a tiny Western chunk that it controls. The much larger region of Pakistani Kashmir in the North-West, which was a province named Northern Areas in the former state, generally bore no mention in Pakistani laws and Constitution as being of any status, until in 1982 the Pakistani President General Zia ul Haq proclaimed that the people of the Northern Areas were Pakistanis and had nothing to do with the State of Jammu and Kashmir. However according to CIA About 300,000 Kashmir Hindus (Pundits) in Indian Administered Kashmir valley are internally displaced in Kashmir
specially in Udhampur & Jammu refugee camps and rest 1,00,000 in Delhi camps hoisted by Indian Government and UNO
.
. It blames India's lack of sincerity for the failure of the repeated attempts at the resolution of the Kashmir issue. It has consistently criticized the Indian troops present in Kashmir and accused them of human rights violations.
The APHC is divided into two factions. One, led by Mirwaiz Omar Farooq
, second, Tehreek-i-Hurriyat, led by Syed Ali Shah Geelani
, both call for resolution of Kashmir
on the basis of the right to self-determination of the people under the auspices of United Nations
. Since 2004, the Omar Farooq faction has held three rounds of talks with the Government of India, while as Geelani faction rejected the talks until India
stops the use of Armed Forces Special Powers Act and accepts Kashmir
as a non disputed territory.
The Hurriyat boycotted the May 2006 round table conference in Srinagar, which leaders of Jammu and Kashmir, and the Prime Minister of India attended. This was a setback to the Hurriyat's dialogue with New Delhi.
Presently the two factions of Hurriyat are heading towards a single platform considering their uncommon objectives as their main priorities.
Kashmir
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
. It was formed achieving the right of self-determination
Self-determination
Self-determination is the principle in international law that nations have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external compulsion or external interference...
according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 47
United Nations Security Council Resolution 47
United Nations Security Council Resolution 47, adopted on April 21, 1948, after hearing arguments from both India and Pakistan the Council increased the size of the Commission established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 39 to five members, instructed the Commission to go to the...
. "Hurriyat" in Koshur (as well as in Arabic, Urdu
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
and Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
, from which the word is loaned) means "liberty". Tabish Bhat was elected its leader in January 2010.
Current members
At the time of formation All Parties Hurriyat Conference members included Yaseen Malik's Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), Sheikh Yaqoob Jammu and Kashmir Peoples League (JKPL), Shabbir Shah's People's Democratic Front, Maulana Mohammad Abbas AnsariMaulana Mohammad Abbas Ansari
Maulana Mohammad Abbas Ansari is a prominent political leader and Shia clergy from Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir. He is a Kashmiri separatist, ex-chairman of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference, and founder of the Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen political party...
of Ittihadul Muslimeen
Ittihadul Muslimeen
Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen, JKIM is a Muslim political party in Jammu & Kashmir founded to provide to the people of Jammu and Kashmir a viable, democratic and broad based political platform that would reflect their true will and aspirations and endeavor to...
, Shakeel Bakshi
Shakeel Bakshi
Shakeel Bakshi is a youth leader of Jammu Kashmir and one of the founder members of the Islamic Student League .The league is a political party organized since 1985 by College Students of Kashmir who advocate the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir joining with Pakistan.Shakeel Bakshi served as...
's Islamic Students League, Muslim Conference led Abdul Ghani Bhat. Mirwaiz Omar Farooq
Mirwaiz Omar Farooq
Mirwaiz Molvi Mohammad Umar Farooq is a Kashmiri religious and political leader who is the chairman of the Awami Action Committee and the All Parties Hurriyat Conference, a grassroots coalition of pro-freedom parties in the Indian administered Jammu & Kashmir....
then the Chairman of the J & K Awami Action Committee played an important role in forming the Conference. Current members include:
| Number | Name of the Party | Leader |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aawami Action Committee | Mirwaiz Omar Farooq Mirwaiz Omar Farooq Mirwaiz Molvi Mohammad Umar Farooq is a Kashmiri religious and political leader who is the chairman of the Awami Action Committee and the All Parties Hurriyat Conference, a grassroots coalition of pro-freedom parties in the Indian administered Jammu & Kashmir.... |
| 2 | Ittihadul Muslimeen Ittihadul Muslimeen Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen, JKIM is a Muslim political party in Jammu & Kashmir founded to provide to the people of Jammu and Kashmir a viable, democratic and broad based political platform that would reflect their true will and aspirations and endeavor to... |
Maulana Mohammad Abbas Ansari Maulana Mohammad Abbas Ansari Maulana Mohammad Abbas Ansari is a prominent political leader and Shia clergy from Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir. He is a Kashmiri separatist, ex-chairman of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference, and founder of the Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen political party... |
| 3 | Anjamani Auqafi Jama Masjid | Mohammad Umar Farooq |
| 4 | Anjaman-e-Tablig-ul Islam | Syed Qasim Shah Bukhari |
| 5 | Ummat Islami | Qazi Ghulam Mohammad(RA) Islamabad Anantnag |
| 6 | Auquaf Jama Masjid | Ghulam Muhammad Butt Bhat (tribe) Butt is an English surname whose origins lie in the South West Peninsula region of England.- Etymology :The surname Butt or Butts is said to be derived from the Old French word "but" which is a verb meaning "aim" or "target". The English name is derived from the Middle English word "but", a noun... |
| 7 | Employees and Workers Confederation | |
| 8 | Employees & Workers Confederation (Arsawi Group) | |
| 9 | All Jammu & Kashmir Employees’ Confederation | Ishtiaq Qadri |
| 9 | Jamaat-e-Islami Jamaat-e-Islami This article is about Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan. For other organizations of similar name see Jamaat-e-Islami The Jamaat-e-Islami , is a Pro-Muslim political party in Pakistan... |
|
| 10 | Jamiat-e-Ahle Hadith | Moulana Tahiri |
| 11 | Jamiate Ulama-E-Islam | Abdul Gani Azhari |
| 12 | Jamiat-e-Hamdania | Moulana M. Yasin Hamdani |
| 13 | Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference | Abdul Ghani Lone Abdul Ghani Lone Abdul Ghani Lone was an Indian lawyer and politician who for most of his professional career worked as a Kashmiri separatist.... till 2002 assassination |
| 14 | Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front The Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front , founded by Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat, is a Kashmiri nationalist organization founded in Birmingham, UK on May 29, 1977. From then until 1994 it was an active terrorist organization with branches in several cities and towns of the UK, and in several other... |
Muhammad Yasin Malik |
| 15 | Jammu and Kashmir Human Rights Committee | Noor-Ul-Hassan |
| 16 | Jammu and Kashmir People's Basic Rights (Protection) Committee | Moufi Bahauddin Farouqi |
| 17 | Liberation Council | Azhar Bhat |
| 18 | Kashmir Bazme Tawheed | Tajamul Bhat |
| 19 | Kashmir Bar Association | Zaroon bhat |
| 20 | Muslim Khawateen Markaz | Zaid Bhat |
| 21 | Muslim Conference | Khokhar e aazam |
| 22 | Political Conference | Junaid bhat |
| 23 | Tehreek-e-Huriati Kashmiri | Saqib Bhat |
| 24 | People's League | Musaib Bhat |
| 25 | Islamic Students League | Shakeel Bakshi Shakeel Bakshi Shakeel Bakshi is a youth leader of Jammu Kashmir and one of the founder members of the Islamic Student League .The league is a political party organized since 1985 by College Students of Kashmir who advocate the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir joining with Pakistan.Shakeel Bakshi served as... |
| 25 | Imam Ahmad Raza Islamic Mission | Rafeeq Ahmad Mir |
| 26 | Saut-Ul-Aliya | Moulana Abdul Rashid Dawoodi |
| 26 | Jammu and Kashmir People's Freedom League | Muhammad Farooq Rehmani Muhammad Farooq Rehmani محمد فارو ق رحمانی Chairman Jammu and Kashmir People's Freedom League and former Convener All Parties Hurriyat Conference , writer and journalist belongs to Onagam Bandipore Indian Kashmir, a hamlet over the bank of Wullar lake Asia’s famous sweet water lake.He is the author of several books,... |
Thy Hurriyat led by Syed Ali Geelani demands a clear break and liberation from the Indian union.
Members of the Executive Council of the APHC are:
- Jamat-e-Islami, Syed Ali Shah GeelaniSyed Ali Shah Geelani-Early life:Syed Geelani was born in a town called Zoorimunz, Bandipora, in North Kashmir. After his preliminary education in Sopore, he went on to graduate from the Oriental College in Lahore....
- Awami Action Committee Mirwaiz Omar FarooqMirwaiz Omar FarooqMirwaiz Molvi Mohammad Umar Farooq is a Kashmiri religious and political leader who is the chairman of the Awami Action Committee and the All Parties Hurriyat Conference, a grassroots coalition of pro-freedom parties in the Indian administered Jammu & Kashmir....
- People's League, Sheikh Abdul AzizSheikh Abdul AzizSheikh Abdul Aziz was chairman of the Jammu Kashmir Peoples League and a prominent member of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference, an alliance of Kashmiri pro-freedom groups at the forefront of the political struggle against Indian rule in Indian Administered Kashmir...
- Itehad-ul-Muslimeen Moulvi Abbas Ansari
- Muslim Conference, Prof. Abdul Ghani Bhat
- JKLF, Yasin MalikYasin MalikYasin Malik is the chairman of one of the two factions of Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front, the chairman for other faction is Farooq Siddiqi . The Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front , founded by Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat, is a Kashmiri nationalist organization founded in Birmingham, UK on May 29,...
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
Hurriyat is the main political front of Jammu Kashmir Liberation FrontJammu Kashmir Liberation Front
The Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front , founded by Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat, is a Kashmiri nationalist organization founded in Birmingham, UK on May 29, 1977. From then until 1994 it was an active terrorist organization with branches in several cities and towns of the UK, and in several other...
. Yasin Malik is the chairman of one of the two faction of JKLF, the chairman for other faction is Farooq Siddiqi (Farooq Papa). The Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), founded by Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat, is a Kashmiri Muslim political organization founded in Birmingham, UK on May 29, 1977. Within a couple of years branches were established in several cities and towns of the UK; and also in several countries of Europe, USA and Middle East. In 1982 branches of this Islamic Militant organisation were established in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, Pakistan and in 1987 in Indian-administered Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) which shows it essential foreign origin.
In 2007 Yasin Malik and his party launched a peaceful campaign known as Safar-i-Azadi (Journey to Freedom). This journey was to create an atmosphere for anti-Indian agitations among public which lasted for one year and during it, Yasin Malik and his colleagues visited about 3500 towns and villages of Kashmir. Stone pelting and sporadic attacks by Muslim majority of Kashmir of security forces have increased hence forth. In November 2009, Kashmiri Pandits were reported to have been subjected to death threats and attacks; the Hurriyat Conference never responded by promising them security. In January 2010, Yasin asked Kashmiri Pandit migrants not to return to their homes in the Kashmir valley, but was arrested a few days later.
Politics of Kashmir
Elections were held in Indian Jammu & Kashmir, which brought up the popular Muslim leader Sheikh Abdullah, who with his party National ConferenceJammu & Kashmir National Conference
The Jammu & Kashmir National Conference is a State political party in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Led at the time of Indian Independence in 1947 by Sheikh Abdullah, it dominated electoral politics in the state for many decades...
, generally supported India. The elected Constituent Assembly
Constituent assembly of Jammu and Kashmir
Constituent assembly of Jammu and Kashmir was a body of representatives elected in 1951 to write the constitution of Jammu and Kashmir.-Background:...
met for the first time in Srinagar
Srinagar
Srinagar is the summer seasonal capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is situated in Kashmir Valley and lies on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus. It is one of the largest cities in India not to have a Hindu majority. The city is famous for its gardens, lakes and houseboats...
on October 31, 1951. Then The State Constituent Assembly ratified the accession of the State to the Union of India on February 6, 1954 and the President of India subsequently issued the Constitution (Application to J&K) Order under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution extending the Union Constitution to the State with some exceptions and modifications. The State’s own Constitution came into force on January 26, 1957 under which the elections to the State Legislative Assembly were held for the first time on the basis of adult franchise the same year. This Constitution further reiterated the ratification of the State’s accession to Union of India. However, these tidings were not recognized by Pakistan, which has continued to press for a plebiscite to ascertain the wishes of the people. Pakistan set up its own Kashmir, called Azad Kashmir
Azad Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir or Azad Kashmir for short, is the southernmost political entity within the Pakistani-administered part of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir...
in a tiny Western chunk that it controls. The much larger region of Pakistani Kashmir in the North-West, which was a province named Northern Areas in the former state, generally bore no mention in Pakistani laws and Constitution as being of any status, until in 1982 the Pakistani President General Zia ul Haq proclaimed that the people of the Northern Areas were Pakistanis and had nothing to do with the State of Jammu and Kashmir. However according to CIA About 300,000 Kashmir Hindus (Pundits) in Indian Administered Kashmir valley are internally displaced in Kashmir
Kashmir
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
specially in Udhampur & Jammu refugee camps and rest 1,00,000 in Delhi camps hoisted by Indian Government and UNO
Uno
-Games:* Uno , a kind of card game.** Uno for the Game Boy Color** Uno , the video game version of Uno.-Political organizations:* United Nations Organization, international organization...
.
Role in the politics of Kashmir
The APHC does not recognise the Indian right over KashmirKashmir
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
. It blames India's lack of sincerity for the failure of the repeated attempts at the resolution of the Kashmir issue. It has consistently criticized the Indian troops present in Kashmir and accused them of human rights violations.
The APHC is divided into two factions. One, led by Mirwaiz Omar Farooq
Mirwaiz Omar Farooq
Mirwaiz Molvi Mohammad Umar Farooq is a Kashmiri religious and political leader who is the chairman of the Awami Action Committee and the All Parties Hurriyat Conference, a grassroots coalition of pro-freedom parties in the Indian administered Jammu & Kashmir....
, second, Tehreek-i-Hurriyat, led by Syed Ali Shah Geelani
Syed Ali Shah Geelani
-Early life:Syed Geelani was born in a town called Zoorimunz, Bandipora, in North Kashmir. After his preliminary education in Sopore, he went on to graduate from the Oriental College in Lahore....
, both call for resolution of Kashmir
Kashmir
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
on the basis of the right to self-determination of the people under the auspices of United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
. Since 2004, the Omar Farooq faction has held three rounds of talks with the Government of India, while as Geelani faction rejected the talks until India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
stops the use of Armed Forces Special Powers Act and accepts Kashmir
Kashmir
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
as a non disputed territory.
The Hurriyat boycotted the May 2006 round table conference in Srinagar, which leaders of Jammu and Kashmir, and the Prime Minister of India attended. This was a setback to the Hurriyat's dialogue with New Delhi.
Presently the two factions of Hurriyat are heading towards a single platform considering their uncommon objectives as their main priorities.
See also
- Kashmir conflictKashmir conflictThe Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region, the northwesternmost region of South Asia....
- Timeline of the Kashmir conflictTimeline of the Kashmir conflict- 1846-1947: Kashmir before 1947 :* 1846: Jammu and Kashmir State is created for the first time with the signing on March 16 of the Second Treaty of Amritsar between the British East India company and Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu...
- Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir