List of Mongol Khans
Encyclopedia
Khan (title)
Khan is an originally Altaic and subsequently Central Asian title for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic Turko-Mongol tribes living to the north of China. 'Khan' is also seen as a title in the Xianbei confederation for their chief between 283 and 289...
and Khagan
Khagan
Khagan or qagan , alternatively spelled kagan, khaghan, qaghan, or chagan, is a title of imperial rank in the Mongolian and Turkic languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate...
s.
Great Khans of the Mongol EmpireMongol EmpireThe Mongol Empire , initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries...
- Genghis KhanGenghis KhanGenghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death....
(1206–1227) - ToluiToluiTolui, was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun Börte...
(regent) (1227–1229) - Ögedei KhanÖgedei KhanÖgedei Khan, born Ögedei was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father...
(1229–1241) - Töregene KhatunTöregene KhatunTöregene Khatun was the Great Khatun and regent of the Mongol Empire from the death of her husband Ögedei Khan in 1241 until the election of her eldest son Güyük Khan in 1246.-Background:...
(regent) (1243–1246) - Güyük KhanGüyük KhanGüyük was the third Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. As the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan, he reigned from 1246 to 1248...
(1246–1248) - Oghul Ghaymish (regent) (1248–1251)
- Möngke KhanMöngke KhanMöngke Khan , born Möngke, , was the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from July 1, 1251 – August 11, 1259. He was the first Great Khan from the Toluid line, and made significant reforms to improve the administration of the Empire during his reign...
(1251–1259)
Following became Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
, who were considered as Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi
Emperor of China
The Emperor of China refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning between the founding of Qin Dynasty of China, united by the King of Qin in 221 BCE, and the fall of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China in 1916. When referred to as the Son of Heaven , a title that predates the Qin unification, the...
(Chinese emperor) for native Chinese:
- Kublai KhanKublai KhanKublai Khan , born Kublai and also known by the temple name Shizu , was the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1260 to 1294 and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China...
(1260–1294) - Khagan title: Setsen; Temple name: Shizu 1271-1294 Era name: Zhiyuan 1264-1294 - Temür Khân - Khagan title: Oljeitu; Temple name: ChengzongEmperor Chengzong of Yuan ChinaTemür Öljeytü Khan , born Temür , or Emperor Chengzong of Yuan , also spelled Timur, was the second leader of the Yuan Dynasty between May 10, 1294 and February 10, 1307, and is considered as the sixth Great Khan of the Mongols in Mongolia...
; 1294–1307; Era names: Yuanzhen 1295-1297; Dade 1297-1307 - Khaiysan - Khagan title: Khülük; Temple name: Wuzong - 1308-1311; Era name: Zhida 1308-1311
- Ayurparibhadra - Temple name: RenzongEmperor Renzong of Yuan ChinaBuyantu Khan , also known as Emperor Renzong of Yuan , born Ayurbarwada, was the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and is regarded as the eighth Great Khan of the Mongols in Mongolia....
1311-1320; Era names: Huangqing 1312-1313; Yanyou 1314-1320 - Suddhipala - Khagan title: Gegeen; Temple name: Yingzong- 1321-1323; Era names: Zhizhi 1321-1323; Jinzong
- Yesün-Temür - Temple name:Taiding Di - 1323-1328; Taiding 1321-1328; Zhihe 1328
- Arigaba - Tianshun Di; Tianshun 1328
- Toq-Temür - Khagan title: Zayaghatu; Temple name: Wenzong; 1328–1329 and 1329–1332; Era names: Tianli 1328-1330 Zhìshùn 1330-1332
- Khuslen - Khagan title: Qutuqtu; Temple name: MingzongEmperor Mingzong of Yuan ChinaKhutughtu Khan , also known as Emperor Mingzong of Yuan , born Kuśala , was a son of Khayishan who briefly ascended to the throne of the Yuan Dynasty in 1329, but died soon after he seized the throne of Great Khan of the Mongols and Emperor of...
- 1329; - Irinchibal - Temple name: Ningzong; Era name: Zhishun 1332
- Toghan-Temür - Khagan title: Ukhaantu; Temple name: Huizong ; Shundi - 1333-1370; Era names: Zhishun 1333; Yuantong 1333-1335; Zhiyuan 1335-1340; Zhizheng 1341-1368; Zhiyuan 1368-1370
Khans of Golden HordeGolden HordeThe Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that formed the north-western sector of the Mongol Empire...
- Batu KhanBatu KhanBatu Khan was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Ulus of Jochi , the sub-khanate of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. His ulus was the chief state of the Golden Horde , which ruled Rus and the Caucasus for around 250 years, after also destroying the armies...
(1227–1255) - Sartaq (1255–56)
- UlaghchiUlaghchiUlaghchi Khan was the third khan of the Blue Horde and Golden Horde, ruling for less than a year in 1257. It is not clear whether Ulaghchi was the son or the younger brother of Sartaq Khan. Mongke Khan granted him the title of Khan of the Jochid Ulus as soon as Sartaq died...
(1257) - BerkeBerkeBerke Khan was the ruler of the Golden Horde who effectively consolidated the power of the Blue Horde and White Hordes from 1257 to 1266. He succeeded his brother Batu Khan of the Blue Horde and was responsible for the first official establishment of Islam in a khanate of the Mongol Empire...
(1257–1266) - Mengu-TimurMengu-TimurMengu-Timur or Möngke Temür , Son of Toqoqan Khan and Buka Ujin of Oirat and the grandson of Batu Khan. He was a khan of the Golden Horde in 1266-1280.His name literally means "Eternal Iron" in the Mongolian language....
(1266–1282) - Tuda-Mengu (1282—1287)
- TalabugaTalabugaTalabuga, Tulabuga, Talubuga or Telubuga was the khan of Golden Horde between 1287 and 1291. He was the son of Tartu and great-grandson of Batu Khan.He assumed the power in Golden Horde in 1287 with the help of Nogai Khan, but was dethroned 4 years later by the same, replaced by Tokhta.- European...
(1287—1291) - Tokhta (1291—1312)
- Uzbeg KhanUzbeg KhanSultan Mohammed Öz-Beg, better known as Uzbeg or Ozbeg , was the longest-reigning khan of the Golden Horde, under whose rule the state reached its zenith...
(1312–1341) - Tini BegTini BegTiny Beg, also known as Tinybeg, was the khan of the Golden Horde from 1341 to 1342. He succeeded from his father Ozbeg, and was then followed by his brother Janibeg.Muslim sources calimed that he was the most favored son of Ozbeg....
(1341–1342) - Jani BegJani BegJani Beg was a khan of the Golden Horde from 1342 to 1357, succeeding his father Uzbeg Khan.After putting two of his brothers to death, Jani Beg crowned himself in Saray-Jük. He is known to have actively interfered in the affairs of Russian principalities and of Lithuania...
(1342—1357) - Berdibek (1357—1361)
- QulpaQulpaQulpa was Khan of the Blue Horde from 1359 till 1360, after having deposed his brother Berdi Beg. Ruling for just a year, Qulpa was murdered by another brother in 1360....
(1359–1360) - Nawruz BegNawruz BegNawruz Beg was a son of Jani Beg and Khan of the Blue Horde. He succeeded to the throne after murdering his brother Qulpa, though like his brothers, his reign lasted a year before he himself died; the cause of his death it unknown...
(1360–1361) - Khidr (1361–1362)
- Timur Khwaja (1362)
- Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Urus KhanUrus KhanUrus Khan was the eighth Khan of the White Horde, and a disputable Khan of the Blue Horde, he was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan. Urus himself is the direct ancestor of khans of the Kazakh Khanate.- Ancestor of Urus :...
(1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite. - Freky Aziz Reffelruz (1378–1380)
- TokhtamyshTokhtamyshTokhtamysh was the prominent khan of the White Horde, who briefly unified the White Horde and Blue Horde subdivisions of the Golden Horde into a single state. He was a descendant of Genghis Khan's eldest grandson, Orda Khan or his brother Tuqa-Timur...
(1380–1395) - Temür QutlughTemur QutlughTemür Qutlugh was a khan of Golden Horde in 1397–1399. He was a son of Timur-Malik, khan of the White Horde, who struggled against Toqtamysh. After the death of Temur Malik in 1379 Qutlugh was reared at Toqtamysh's court. After an unsuccessful revolt against Toqtamysh in 1388, he, along with...
(1396–1401), actual ruler was EdiguEdiguEdigu was a Mongol emir of the White Horde who founded the new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde.... - Shadi BegShadi BegShadi Beg, Khan of the Golden Horde was a son of Timur-Malik.After the death of his brother; Temur Qutlugh, Shadi Beg was enthroned as Khan of the Golden Horde in 1399. The same year, Edigu went to Siberia to exact revenge on Toqtamysh...
(1399–1407), actual ruler was EdiguEdiguEdigu was a Mongol emir of the White Horde who founded the new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde.... - PuladPuladPulad was a Khan of the Golden Horde .Having dethroned his brother, Shadi Beg but was dethroned three years later.- Family :Pulad was a son of Timur-Malik and brother of Shadi Beg and Temur Qutlugh....
(1407–1410), actual ruler was EdiguEdiguEdigu was a Mongol emir of the White Horde who founded the new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde.... - Temür (1410–1412)
- Jalal ad-Din khanJalal ad-Din khanJalal ad-Din was the khan of the Golden Horde in 1411–1412. He was the son of Tokhtamysh Khan. He is also famous for his written history of the Mongol Empire....
(1411–1412) - Karimberdi
- Kebeg
- Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419)
- Ulugh Muhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
- Dawlat BerdiDawlat BerdiDawlat Berdi , also known as Devlet Berdi, was a Khan of the Golden Horde who reigned from 1419 to 1421, and again from 1428 to his death in 1432. He was the son of Jabbar Berdi and a descendant of Berke Khan....
(1419–1421, 1427–1432) - BaraqBaraq (Khan of Golden Horde)Baraq was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1422 to 1427. His father was Koirichak, grandson of Urus Khan who was also descendant of Genghis Khan. He took support from Ulugh Beg, the Timurid khan, and in 1422 he dethroned Kepek, Olugh Mokhammad as well as Dawlat Berdi, khans of the Golden Horde. And...
(1422–1427) - Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435)
- Kuchuk Muhammed (1435–1459)
- MahmudMaxmud of AstrakhanKhan Mäxmüd of Astrakhan was one of Kuchuk Muhammed's sons and a Genghisid who founded the Khanate of Astrakhan in the 1460s.After years of struggle for the throne of the Great Horde against Akhmat Khan, he escaped to Xacitarxan, establishing the independent Khanate of Astrakhan there...
(1459–1465) - AhmadAkhmat KhanAkhmat Khan was a khan of the Great Horde between 1465 and 1481.In 1465, Akhmat seized power in the Horde by rising against his brother Maxmud of Astrakhan, who had been its ruler since 1459. In 1472, Akhmat entered into alliance with the Polish king Casimir IV against Ivan III...
(1465–1481) - Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
- Murtada (1498–1499)
Left wing
- Orda (1226–1251)
- Qun QuranQun QuranQun-Quran or Qun-Qiran was the khan of Orda's Ulus.According to Jami al-Tawarikh by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Qun-Quran was the fourth son of Orda, the eldest son of Jochi....
(1251–c.1280) - KochuKöchüKöchü was the Khan of the White Horde between c.1280-1302. He was the eldest son of Sartaqtay and Qujiyan of the Qongirat and a grandson of Orda Khan....
(c.1280–1302) - Buyan (Bayan)Buyan (khan)Bayan was one of most famous khans of White Horde. "Bayan" means "rich" and "buyan" means "good deed/act" in the Mongolian language....
(1302–1309) - SasibuqaSasibuqaSasibuqa was the khan of Orda's Ulus. He was one of Bayan's four sons.The rulers of Orda's Ulus or the Left wing of the Jochid Ulus issued decrees with the name of khan in Sarai, though, they were reigning largely independent. Because he resisted Uzbeg Khan's Islamicization policy, Sasibuqa might...
(1309–1315) - IlbasanIlbasanIlbasan or Erzen was the ruler of Orda's Ulus from 1310/15 to 1320.During his reign, an increase in the cities, trade, and craft occurred in the Horde. After determining the boundaries of his Horde, Ilbasan appointed his deputies. Islam was used as instrument strengthening authority. He died in...
(1315–1320) - Mubarak KhwajaMubarak KhwajaMubarak Khwaja was the khan of White Horde between 1320-1344. He succeeded his brother, Ilbasan, with the assistance of Uzbeg, Khan of the Golden Horde and the House of Batu. However, he declared his independence from Sarai. The Khan sent his son Tini Beg to overthrow him. Thus, he was replaced by...
(1320–1344) - ChimtayChimtayChimtay was a ruler of White Horde between 1344 and 1360.When his son or relative, Urus , urged him to take throne of the Golden Horde, utilizing the great troubles. He refused but sent his brother Ordu Sheykh who was later on killed in the Horde. He died in 1360....
(1344–1374) - UrusUrusAberdeen is a town on the south shore of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Southern District. Aberdeen Harbour is a harbour between Aberdeen and Ap Lei Chau. The name 'Aberdeen' usually covers the areas of Aberdeen, Wong Chuk Hang and Ap Lei Chau, but it is more...
(1374–1376) - ToqtaqiyaToqtaqiyaLittle is known about Toqtaqiya except that he was a son of Urus Khan and was Khan of the White Horde for less than a year. In this time, he defeated his cousin Toqtamish and drove him from Sabran. He died shortly after this victory, just a few months after Urus. Some one said that he had died...
(1376) - Timur-MalikTimur-MalikTimur-Malik, also spelled Temür Malik, was the tenth Khan of the White Horde and a son of Urus Khan. Early in his reign, he invaded the lands of his cousin Toqtamysh and won a string of victories. Finally, Toqtamysh trapped him near Qara-Tal and defeated him...
(1377) - Toqtamish (1377–1378)
- Koiruchik (1378–1399)
- BaraqBaraq (Khan of Golden Horde)Baraq was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1422 to 1427. His father was Koirichak, grandson of Urus Khan who was also descendant of Genghis Khan. He took support from Ulugh Beg, the Timurid khan, and in 1422 he dethroned Kepek, Olugh Mokhammad as well as Dawlat Berdi, khans of the Golden Horde. And...
(1423–1428) - Muhammed (1428–1431)
- Mustafa (1431–1446)
This Horde was annexed by Abu'l-Khayr Khan
Abu'l-Khayr Khan
Abu'l-Khayr Khan was the leader who united the nomadic Uzbek tribes from which the Kazakh khanate later separated in rebellion under Janybek Khan and Kerei Khan beginning in 1466....
of the Shaybanids
Shaybanids
The Shaybanids were a Persianized dynasty of Mongolian origin in central Asia. They were the patrilineal descendants of Shiban, the fifth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. Until the mid-14th century, they acknowledged the authority of the descendants of Batu Khan and Orda Khan, such as...
in 1446.
Right wing
Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.- Batu KhanBatu KhanBatu Khan was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Ulus of Jochi , the sub-khanate of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. His ulus was the chief state of the Golden Horde , which ruled Rus and the Caucasus for around 250 years, after also destroying the armies...
(1227–1255) - Sartaq (1255–56)
- UlaghchiUlaghchiUlaghchi Khan was the third khan of the Blue Horde and Golden Horde, ruling for less than a year in 1257. It is not clear whether Ulaghchi was the son or the younger brother of Sartaq Khan. Mongke Khan granted him the title of Khan of the Jochid Ulus as soon as Sartaq died...
(1257) - BerkeBerkeBerke Khan was the ruler of the Golden Horde who effectively consolidated the power of the Blue Horde and White Hordes from 1257 to 1266. He succeeded his brother Batu Khan of the Blue Horde and was responsible for the first official establishment of Islam in a khanate of the Mongol Empire...
(1257–1266) - Mengu-TimurMengu-TimurMengu-Timur or Möngke Temür , Son of Toqoqan Khan and Buka Ujin of Oirat and the grandson of Batu Khan. He was a khan of the Golden Horde in 1266-1280.His name literally means "Eternal Iron" in the Mongolian language....
(1266–1282) - Tuda-Mengu (1282—1287)
- TalabugaTalabugaTalabuga, Tulabuga, Talubuga or Telubuga was the khan of Golden Horde between 1287 and 1291. He was the son of Tartu and great-grandson of Batu Khan.He assumed the power in Golden Horde in 1287 with the help of Nogai Khan, but was dethroned 4 years later by the same, replaced by Tokhta.- European...
(1287—1291) - Tokhta (1291—1312)
- Uzbeg KhanUzbeg KhanSultan Mohammed Öz-Beg, better known as Uzbeg or Ozbeg , was the longest-reigning khan of the Golden Horde, under whose rule the state reached its zenith...
(1312–1341) - Tini BegTini BegTiny Beg, also known as Tinybeg, was the khan of the Golden Horde from 1341 to 1342. He succeeded from his father Ozbeg, and was then followed by his brother Janibeg.Muslim sources calimed that he was the most favored son of Ozbeg....
(1341–1342) - Jani BegJani BegJani Beg was a khan of the Golden Horde from 1342 to 1357, succeeding his father Uzbeg Khan.After putting two of his brothers to death, Jani Beg crowned himself in Saray-Jük. He is known to have actively interfered in the affairs of Russian principalities and of Lithuania...
(1342—1357) - Berdibek (1357—1361)
- QulpaQulpaQulpa was Khan of the Blue Horde from 1359 till 1360, after having deposed his brother Berdi Beg. Ruling for just a year, Qulpa was murdered by another brother in 1360....
(1359–1360) - Nawruz BegNawruz BegNawruz Beg was a son of Jani Beg and Khan of the Blue Horde. He succeeded to the throne after murdering his brother Qulpa, though like his brothers, his reign lasted a year before he himself died; the cause of his death it unknown...
(1360–1361) - Khidr (1361–1362)
- Timur Khwaja (1362)
- Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
Ilkhans of Il KhanateIlkhanateThe Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate , was a Mongol khanate established in Azerbaijan and Persia in the 13th century, considered a part of the Mongol Empire...
- HülëgüHulagu KhanHulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü, Hulegu , was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia...
(1256–1265) - Abaqa (1265–1282)
- TekuderTekuderAhmed Tekuder , also known as Sultan Ahmad , was the sultan of the Persia-based Ilkhanate, son of Hulegu and brother of Abaqa. He was eventually succeeded by Arghun Khan...
(1282–1284) - ArghunArghunArghun Khan aka Argon was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate, from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan, and like his father, was a devout Buddhist...
(1284–1291) - GaykhatuGaykhatuGaykhatu was the fifth Ilkhanate ruler in Iran. He reigned from 1291 to 1295. During his reign, Gaykhatu was a noted dissolute who was addicted to wine, women, and sodomy...
(1291–1295) - BayduBayduBaydu was the sixth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division in Iran. He succeeded his cousin Gaykhatu as khan of the Ilkhanate state in 1295....
(1295) - GhazanMahmud GhazanMahmud Ghazan was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from 1295 to 1304. He was the son of Arghun and Quthluq Khatun, continuing a line of rulers who were direct descendants of Genghis Khan...
(1295–1304) - Öljeitü (1304–1316)
- Abu Sa'idAbu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty)Abu Sa'id also Abusaid Bahador Khan, Abu Sayed Behauder , was the ninth ruler of the Ilkhanate state in Iran ....
(1316–1335) - Arpa Ke'ünArpa Ke'unArpa Ke'un, also known as Arpa Khan or Gavon or Gawon , was an Ilkhan during the disintegration of the Mongol state in Persia. He was a member of the house of Tolui. His lineage traced back to Arik Boke who was a youngest brother of Mongke, Kublai and Hulegu.Arpa Ke'un came to power following the...
(1335–1336)
After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.
- MusaMusa (Ilkhanid dynasty)Musa Khan was an Ilkhan from 1336 to 1337 and a grandson of Baydu.He was installed to the throne of the Ilkhanate by the governor of Baghdad, 'Ali Padsah, on April 12, two days after the latter had defeated Arpa Ke'un in battle. Musa was meant to be a puppet to 'Ali. However, Musa was challenged by...
(1336–1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad) - MuhammadMuhammad Khan (Ilkhan)Muhammad Khan was a claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate. He was a great-grandson of Mengu Timur, who was a son of Hulegu....
(1336–1338) (JalayiridJalayiridsThe Jalayirids were a Mongol Jalayir dynasty which ruled over Iraq and western Persia after the breakup of the Mongol Khanate of Persia in the 1330s....
puppet) - Sati BegSati BegAl-sultana al-radila Sati Beg Khan Khallad Allah Mulkaha was a claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate during the fragmentation of Persia in the mid-14th century. She was the uterine sister of the Ilkhan Abu Sa'id....
(1338–1339) (Chobanid puppet) - SulaymanSuleiman KhanSuleiman Khan was a Chobanid puppet for the throne of the Ilkhanate during the breakdown of central authority in Persia. He was the great-grandson of the Ilkhan Hülegü's third son Yoshmut....
(1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the SarbadarsSarbadarsThe Sarbadars were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of the Mongol Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century...
1341-1343) - Jahan TemurJahan TemurJahan Temür was a Jalayirid candidate for the throne of the Ilkhanate in the late 1330s. He was the son of Ala-Fireng and the grandson of the Ilkhan Gaykhatu....
(1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet) - AnushirwanAnusirvanAnushirwan Khan occupied the Ilkhanid throne from 1344 until his death in 1357. He was a puppet of the Chobanid ruler Malek Ashraf and possessed no power of his own....
(1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet) - Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage)
Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):
- Togha TemürTogha TemürTogha Temür , also known as Taghaytimur, was a claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century. Of the many individuals who attempted to become Ilkhan after the death of Abu Sa'id, Togha Temür was the only one who hailed from eastern Iran, and was the last major candidate who was of...
(c. 1338-1353) (recognized by the KartidsKartidsThe Kartid Dynasty was a Persian dynasty that ruled over a large part of Khorassan during the 13th and 14th centuries...
1338-1349; by the Jalayirids 1338-1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338-1341, 1344, 1353) - Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)
Khans of Chagatai KhanateChagatai KhanateThe Chagatai Khanate was a Turko-Mongol khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan , second son of the Great Khan Genghis Khan, and his descendents and successors...
- Chagatai KhanChagatai KhanChagatai Khan was the second son of Genghis Khan and first khan and origin of the names of the Chagatai Khanate, Chagatai language and Chagatai Turks....
1226-1242 - Qara HülëgüQara HülëgüQara Hülëgü was head of the ulus of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Mö'etüken, and a grandson of Chagatai Khan....
1242-1246 d. 1252 - Yesü MöngkeYesü MöngkeYesü Möngke was head of the ulus of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Chagatai Khan.In or around 1246, he was appointed as khan of the Chagatai Khanate by his cousin the Great Khan Güyük Khan, whom he was friends with, following the deposition of Qara Hülëgü...
1246-1252 - Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252
- Mubarak ShahMubarak ShahMubarak Shah was head of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Qara Hülëgü and Ergene Khatun, of the Mongol empire....
1252-1260- OrghanaOrghanaOrghana was an Oirat princess of the Mongol Empire and Empress of the Chagatai Khanate. She was a descendant of Qutuqi Beki, chief of the Oirats and Chechigyen, daughter of Genghis Khan....
Khatun (fem.), regent 1252-1260
- Orghana
- AlghuAlghuAlghu was a khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Baidar and the grandson of Chagatai Khan.In 1260 he was appointed as head of the ulus of the Chagatai Khanate by the Great Khan claimant Ariq Böke, in opposition to the child khan Mubarak Shah and his mother Orghina...
1260-1266 - Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266
- BaraqBaraq (Chagatai Khan)Baraq was a khan of the Chagatai Khanate. He was the son of Yesünto'a, and a grandson of Chagatai Khan. A convert to Islam, he took the name Ghiyas-ud-din.-Background:...
1266-1270 - NegübeiNegübeiNegübei was a khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Sarban.In 1271 Negübei was appointed by Kaidu as head of the Chagatai Khanate. A year after his enthronement, however, he rebelled against his master, possibly in conjunction with the revolts launched by the sons of Alghu and Baraq...
1270-c. 1272 - Buqa TemürBuqa TemürBuqa Temür was a khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Qadaqchi.Sometime around 1272 Buqa Temür killed Negübei, who had rosen in revolt against Kaidu. Perhaps as an award for this, Kaidu appointed him as head of the Chagatai Khanate...
c. 1272-1287 - DuwaDuwaDuwa , also known as Du'a, was khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the second son of Baraq. He was the longest reigning monarch of the Chagatayid Khanate and accepted the Great Khan's supremacy...
1287-1307 - KönchekKönchekKönchek was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Duwa.Upon his father's death, Könchek became Khan. His reign only lasted a year, before his death in 1308....
1306-1308 - TaliquTaliquTaliqu was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Qadaqchi and a princess of Kerman, and a grandson of Büri.Following the death of Könchek, Taliqu seized power and became Khan. As a Muslim, he attempted to convert his subjects; this move was unpopular. This, combined with resentment that...
1308-1309 - KebekKebekKebek was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1309 until 1310, and again from c. 1318 until his death.-First Reign:Kebek was the son of Duwa, who was khan from 1282 until 1307...
1309 d. 1325 - Esen Buqa IEsen Buqa IEsen Buqa I was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Duwa.In 1309 Esen Buqa's brother Kebek ordered a meeting to determine the future of the khanate following his seizure of power...
1309-c. 1318 - Kebek (restored) c. 1318-1325
- EljigideyEljigideyEljigidey was khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a division of the Mongol Empire in 1326-1329. He was the son of Duwa. After the death of his brother Kebek, Eljigidey took control of the Chagatai Khanate. He was involved in the succession struggles of Yuan court from 1327 to 1328. His friend Kusala was...
1325 - Duwa TemurDuwa TemürDuwa Temür or Tore Temur was khan of the Chagatai Khanate for a period in 1329/1330. He was the son of Duwa.He surrendered to the Yuan army in 1313 when Esen Buqa I revolted against Ayurbarwada Khagan whom he had paid tributes before. Duwa Temür became khan by overthrowing his brother Eljigidey...
1325 - Aladdin TarmashirinTarmashirinTarmashirin Khan was the khan of the Chagatai Khanate following Duwa Timur.Tarmashirin is famous for his campaign in India in 1327 before he was enthroned. He destroyed every army on his way to Delhi. The Delhi Sultan gave him a large tribute to spare his life...
1325-1333 - BuzanBuzanBuzan was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1333 to 1334 . He was the son of Duwa Temür.Following the death of his uncle Tarmashirin, Buzan took control of the khanate. Sources described him as a Muslim, though he apparently favored the traditional Mongol yasa law...
1333-c. 1334 - ChangshiChangshiChangshi was one of the last effective khans of the Chagatai Khanate. His father was prince Ebugen who was the son of Duwa, the Chagatai Khan....
1334-c. 1338 - Yesun TemurYesun TemurYesun Temur may refer to:* Yesün Temür Khan, Emperor Taiding of Yuan* Yesun Temur...
c. 1338-c. 1342 with... - 'Ali-Sultan'Ali-SultanAli Khalil, also known as Ali-Sultan , was the khan of the Chagatai Khanate. He was a descendant of Qadan, son of the second Great Khan Ogedei....
c. 1338-c. 1342 - Muhammad I ibn PuladMuhammad I ibn PuladMuhammad I ibn Pulad or Mahummud was a khan of Chagatai Khanate. He was a great-great grandson of Chagatai Khan Baraq.Not much is known about him. According to Shajrat ul Atrak, he tried to halt the political dissolution within his ulus...
c. 1342-1343 - Qazan Khan ibn YasaurQazan Khan ibn Yasaur-Biography:Qazan was the son of Yasa'ur, a Chagatayid prince who had revolted in the 1310s. Upon his ascension to the throne, he attempted to increase his power within the ulus. These measures provoked the anger of the nobility, who threw their support behind the Qara'unas Amir Qazaghan. The two...
1343-1346 - DanishmendjiDanishmendjiDanishmendji was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1346 to 1348. He was the second khan of the Chagatai ulus to be descended from Ögedei....
1346-1348
The Chagatai Khanate is split into two parts, western and eastern (Moghulistan
Moghulistan
Moghulistan or Mughalistan is a historical geographic unit in Central Asia that included parts of modern-day Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and the Chinese Autonomous Region of Xinjiang...
). For the eastern khans, see Khans of Moghulistan, below.
- Bayan QuliBayan QulïBayan Qulï was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1348 to 1358 and a grandson of Duwa.In 1348 Bayan Qulï was raised to the position of khan by the ruler of the Qara'unas, Amir Qazaghan, who had effectively taken control of the Chagatai ulus in 1346. For the next decade he remained Qazaghan’s...
1348-1358 - Shah TemurShah TemurShah Temur was khan of the Chagatai Khanate for a period in 1358.In 1358 ‘Abdullah, who had recently succeeded Qazaghan to the powerful position of amir of the ulus, executed his father’s puppet khan Bayan Quli and installed Shah Temur in his place...
1358 - Tughluq TemurTughlugh TimurTughlugh Timur was the Khan of Moghulistan from c. 1347 and Khan of the whole Chagatai Khanate from c. 1360 until his death. He is believed to be the son of Esen Buqa...
(in Mogulistan 1348-1363) 1358-1363 - Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363-1368) 1363 d. 1368
- Adil-SultanAdil-SultanAdil-Sultan was khan of the Chagatai Khanate in 1363. He was the son of Muhammad I ibn Pulad...
1363 - Khabul ShahKhabul ShahKhabul Shah was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1364 to 1370.Khabul Shah was raised to the head of the Chagatai ulus in 1364 by Amir Husayn, who was at the time the most powerful tribal leader in the region and who had recently withstood an invasion by the Eastern Chaghadaids of Moghulistan....
1364-1370
From 1370 on, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.
- SuurgatmishSuurgatmishSoyurghatmïsh Khan was Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Danishmendji, of the House of Ogedei.When Timur gained control of the territory of the western Chagatai Khanate in the 1360s, he did not abolish the office of khan...
1370-1388 - Sultan MahmudSultan Mahmud (Chagatai)Sultan Mahmud Khan was Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Suurgatmish.Upon his father's death in 1384, Sultan Mahmud was made khan by Timur. Like Suurgatmish, Sultan Mahmud was completely powerless, and served as a puppet for Timur. Coins in his name were produced by Timur...
(Mohammed II) 1388-1402
Khans of Northern Yuan
- Biligtü KhanBiligtü KhanBiligtü Khan, born Ayushiridara , was a ruler of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia...
(Ayurshiridar) (1370–1378) - Uskhal KhanUskhal KhanUskhal Khan , born Tögüs Temür , was a Mongol Emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. He was the last powerful khan of the Mongols until the reign of Dayan Khan....
(Tögüs Temür) (1378–1388) - Jorightu Khan (Yesüder) (1388–1392)?
- Engke Khan (?-1392)
- Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan (1392–1399)
- Gün Temür Khan (1400–1402)
- Örüg Temür KhanÖrüg Temür KhanÖrüg Temür or Gulichi was a Mongol leader who temporarily throned himself Khan of the Mongols in the early 15th century. He might be the same person, Ugechi Khashikha who appeared in Mongolian history. Khashikha means prince or duke in Tungusic languages...
(Guilichi) - non-chingisid - Öljei Temür KhanÖljei Temür KhanÖljei Temür Khan was the Mongol khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. He was a son of Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan and younger brother of Gün Temür Khan...
(Bunyashiri) (1403–1412) - Delbeg KhanDelbeg KhanDelbeg was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. The Oirats finally installed the young Delbeg in 1412 as their puppet Mongol Khan, but this was not recognized by most of Mongol clans in the central and eastern Mongol territories.According to Saghan Secen, Delbeg was a son of...
(Dalbag) (1415) - Oyiradai KhanOyiradai KhanOyiradai was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. Oyiradai ascent to the throne of khagan in 1415 with the help of the Oirats after Delbeg Khan was killed by eastern Mongols led by Adai Khan or perished in a battle with the Ming Dynasty in the same year, to legitimize...
(1415–1425) - Adai KhanAdai KhanAdai was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. After the prominent eastern Mongolian chancellor, Arughtai, threw his allegiance to him, he briefly reunited most of the Mongols under his banner.- Lineage and early life :...
(1425–1438) - Tayisung Khan (Toghtoa Bukha) (1433–1452)
- AgbarjinAgbarjinAgbarjin or Akbarjin was the khagan claimant of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. He was the youngest brother of Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha....
(1453) - Esen TayisiEsen TayisiEsen taishi was a powerful Oirat Khagan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia in the 15th century. He is best known for capturing the Zhengtong Emperor of the Ming Dynasty in 1450 after the Battle of Tumu Fortress and briefly reuniting the Mongols...
- the leader of the OiratsOiratsOirats are the westernmost group of the Mongols who unified several tribes origin whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of western Mongolia. Although the Oirats originated in the eastern parts of Central Asia, the most prominent group today is located in the Republic of Kalmykia, a federal...
(1453–1454) - Markörgis KhanMarkörgis KhanMarkörgis was a Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. Some scholars believe his name is Christian name....
(Ükegtü) (1454–1465) - Mulan KhanMulan KhanMulan Khan , was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia and he was the eldest son of Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha). Mulan Khan succeeded his younger brother Markörgis Khan in 1465 and it was prophesied "By you the great people will regain strength in legal order. Ascend to throne...
(1465–1466) - Manduulun KhanManduulun KhanManduul Khan , was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia, and he was the younger brother of Tayisung Khan, Emperor Taizong of Northern Yuan , but the two had different mothers.After the death of Mulan Khan, the position remain vacant for nearly a decade as warring Mongol clans...
(1475–1478) - Dayan KhanDayan KhanDayan Khan , was a Mongol khan who reunited the Mongols under Chinggisid supremacy in the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia...
(Batu Möngke) (1478–1516) - Bars Bolud JinongBars Bolud JinongBarsbolad Jinong was a Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. Barsbolad Jinong was the third son of Dayan Khan, who appointed his grandson , Bodi Alagh Khan as his successor...
(deputy) - Bodi Alagh KhanBodi Alagh KhanBodi Alagh Khan was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. Bodi Alagh Khan was Dayan Khan’s second son’s eldest son and was handpicked by Dayan Khan as his successor...
(1516–1547)
The following Khans are successors of Dayan Khan
Dayan Khan
Dayan Khan , was a Mongol khan who reunited the Mongols under Chinggisid supremacy in the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia...
and directly ruled the Chahar. They had suzerainty over other Mongol tümens, but were unable to exercise their authority over them.
- Darayisung Gödeng KhanDarayisung Gödeng KhanDarayisung Khan , was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. Darayisung Khan was the eldest son of Bodi Alagh Khan whom he succeeded as khan. During his rule, Altan Khan became stronger and more disrespectful of the power of the Great Khan and Darayisung Khan was unable to...
(1547–1557) - Tümen Jasaghtu Khan (1557–1592)
- Buyan Sechen KhanBuyan Sechen KhanBuyan Sechen Khan was a Mongol khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia and he was the eldest son of Jasaghtu Khan whom he succeeded. During Buyan Khan’s rule, the Mongol regime once again falling into disarray and although the great khan was recognized as the leader of all Mongols, this was...
(1592–1603) - Ligden Khan (1604–1634)
- Ejei KhanEjei KhanEjei Khongghor or Ejei Khan was the son of Lingdan Khan, the last in the Borjigin clan of Mongol Khans, who once ruled over Eurasia as the Mongol Empire in the 13th and 14th centuries. Remnants of the Yuan Dynasty retreated north to Mongolia after 1368, known as the Northern Yuan.-History:By the...
(1634–1635)
Rulers of Zunghar KhanateZunghar KhanateThe Zunghar Khanate was a nomadic power on the Eurasian steppe. It covered the area called Dzungaria and stretched from the west end of the Great Wall of China to present-day eastern Kazakhstan, and from present-day northern Kyrgyzstan to southern Siberia .In 1678 Galdan received from the Dalai...
- Khara-Khula (d.1634)
- Baatur Khung-TaijiErdeni BaturErdeni Batur was a Choros-Oirat prince and is generally considered the founder of a new Oirat state in Central Asia known as the Dzungar Khanate....
(1634–1653) - SenggeSenggeSengge was a Choros-Oirat prince and the successor to his father Erdeni Batur as ruler of the Dzungar Khanate. Sengge ruled the Dzungar state from 1653 until his murder in 1671 by his two older half-brothers Tseten and Tsobda Batur...
(1653–1670) - Galdan Boshugtu Khan (1670–1697)
- Tsewang-Rabtan (1694–1727)
- Galdan Tseren KhanGaldan TserenGaldan Tseren was a Choros-Oirat prince and the Khun Tayishi of the Zunghar Khanate from 1727 until his death in 1745.Galdan was the oldest son of Tsewang Arabtan. After the assassination of his father by rival factions, a civil war followed between his sons of which Galdan emerged victorious and...
(1727–1745) - Tsewang-Dorji-Namjil (1746–1749)
- Lamdarja (1749–1752)
- Dawachi (1752–1755)
Upper MongolUpper MongolsThe Upper Mongols , also known as the Köke Nuur Mongols or Qinghai Mongols are the Mongol people of Oirat and Khalkha origin who settled around the Qinghai Lake...
Khoshud Khans of TibetTibetTibet is a plateau region in Asia, north-east of the Himalayas. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpas, Qiang, and Lhobas, and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han and Hui people...
- Gushi KhanGüshi KhanGüshi Khan , a Khoshut prince and leader of the Khoshut Khanate, who had supplanted the Tumed descendants of Altan Khan. His military assistance to the Gelug school enabled the 5th Dalai Lama to establish political control over Tibet...
Toro-Baikhu (1642–1655) - Dayan Ochir Khan (1655–1669)
- Gonchug Dalai Khan (1669–1698)
- Lhazang Chingis Khan (1698–1717)
Torghud Khans of the Kalmyks
- Khoo-OrlogKho OrlukKho Orluk , was an Oirat prince and Tayishi of the Torghut-Oirat tribe. Around 1616, Kho Orluk persuaded the other Torghut princes and lesser nobility to move their tribe en masse westward through southern Siberia and southward along the Emba River to the grass steppes north of the Russian garrison...
(d.1644) - Shikir-Daichung (1644–1661)
- Puntsog (1661–1669)
- Ayuukhi (1669–1724)
- Tseren-Dondog (1724–1735)
- Dondug-Ombo (1735–1741)
- Dondug-Dashi (1741–1761)
- UbashiUbashi KhanUbashi Khan was a Torghut-Kalmyk prince and the last Khan of the Kalmyk Khanate. In January 1771, he led the return migration of the majority of the Kalmyk people from the Kalmyk steppe to Dzungaria, their ancestral homeland....
(1762–1771)
See also
- Yuan Dynasty family tree
- List of Mongol Khatuns
- BorjiginBorjiginBorjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors....
- ChorosChorosChoros was the ruling clan of the Zungars and Dorbets and once ruled the whole Four Oirats. They founded the Zunghar Empire in the 17th century. According to a myth, their chiefs reckoned their descent from a boy nourished by a sacred tree, a legend shared with the Uyghur royal family.In the late...
- KhoshuudKhoshuudThe Khoshut are one of the four major tribes of the Oirat people. Originally, Khoshuuds were one of the Khorchin tribes in southeastern Mongolia, but in mid 15th century they migrated to western Mongolia to become an ally of oirats to counter central Mongolian military power...