List of Latin Emperors
Encyclopedia
Latin Empire
is the historiographical convention for the Crusader
realm, established in Constantinople
after the Fourth Crusade
(1204) and lasting until the city was recovered by the Byzantine Greeks
in 1261. Its name derives from its Catholic and Western European ("Latin") nature. The empire, whose official name was Imperium Romaniae (Latin
: "Empire of Romania
"), claimed the direct heritage of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire
, which was disbanded and partitioned by the Fourth Crusade. This claim however was disputed by the Byzantine Greek successor states, the Empire of Nicaea
, the Empire of Trebizond
and the Despotate of Epirus
. Out of these three the Nicaeans succeeded in displacing the Latin emperors in 1261 and restored the Byzantine Empire.
James of Baux willed his titular claims to Duke Louis I of Anjou, also claimant to the throne of Naples
, but Louis and his descendants never used the title. However, James' feudal heirs were the descendants of Joan of Valois, youngest sister of Empress Catherine II, as follows:
Latin Empire
The Latin Empire or Latin Empire of Constantinople is the name given by historians to the feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. It was established after the capture of Constantinople in 1204 and lasted until 1261...
is the historiographical convention for the Crusader
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars, blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the main goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem...
realm, established in Constantinople
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
after the Fourth Crusade
Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade was originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and conquered the Christian city of Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire...
(1204) and lasting until the city was recovered by the Byzantine Greeks
Byzantine Greeks
Byzantine Greeks or Byzantines is a conventional term used by modern historians to refer to the medieval Greek or Hellenised citizens of the Byzantine Empire, centered mainly in Constantinople, the southern Balkans, the Greek islands, Asia Minor , Cyprus and the large urban centres of the Near East...
in 1261. Its name derives from its Catholic and Western European ("Latin") nature. The empire, whose official name was Imperium Romaniae (Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
: "Empire of Romania
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
"), claimed the direct heritage of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
, which was disbanded and partitioned by the Fourth Crusade. This claim however was disputed by the Byzantine Greek successor states, the Empire of Nicaea
Empire of Nicaea
The Empire of Nicaea was the largest of the three Byzantine Greek successor states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled after Constantinople was occupied by Western European and Venetian forces during the Fourth Crusade...
, the Empire of Trebizond
Empire of Trebizond
The Empire of Trebizond, founded in April 1204, was one of three Byzantine successor states of the Byzantine Empire. However, the creation of the Empire of Trebizond was not directly related to the capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, rather it had broken away from the Byzantine Empire...
and the Despotate of Epirus
Despotate of Epirus
The Despotate or Principality of Epirus was one of the Byzantine Greek successor states of the Byzantine Empire that emerged in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204. It claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire, along with the Empire of Nicaea, and the Empire of Trebizond...
. Out of these three the Nicaeans succeeded in displacing the Latin emperors in 1261 and restored the Byzantine Empire.
Latin emperors of Constantinople, 1204–1261
| Monarch | Portrait | Birth | Coronation | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baldwin I Baldwin I of Constantinople Baldwin I , the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, as Baldwin IX Count of Flanders and as Baldwin VI Count of Hainaut, was one of the most prominent leaders of the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the capture of Constantinople, the conquest of the greater part of the Byzantine... 1204-1205 |
July 1172 son of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault and Margaret I, Countess of Flanders Margaret I, Countess of Flanders Margaret I of Flanders was countess of Flanders from 1191 to her death.-History:She was the daughter of Thierry, Count of Flanders and Sibylla of Anjou, and the heiress of her childless brother, Philip of Flanders.-Family:... |
16 May 1204 in the Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia is a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, and now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey... began reign on 9 May |
Marie of Champagne Marie of Champagne Marie of Champagne was the Empress consort of Baldwin I of Constantinople.-Family:She was a daughter of Henry I, Count of Champagne and Marie of France, Countess of Champagne. Her maternal grandparents were Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine.Her brothers were Henry II of Champagne and... 6 January 1186 2 daughters |
1205 possibly Tsarevets Tsarevets Tsarevets is a medieval stronghold located on a hill with the same name in Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria. It served as the Second Bulgarian Empire's primary fortress and strongest bulwark from 1185 to 1393, housing the royal and the patriarchal palaces, and is a popular tourist... , Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east... aged about 33 |
|
| Henry Henry of Flanders Henry was the second emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. He was a younger son of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut , and Margaret I of Flanders, sister of Philip of Alsace, count of Flanders.... 1206-1216 |
c. 1174 son of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault and Margaret I, Countess of Flanders |
20 August 1206 began reign in July |
(1) Agnes of Montferrat Agnes of Montferrat Agnes of Montferrat was the first Empress consort of Henry of Flanders, Latin Emperor of Constantinople.- Family :She was a daughter of Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat, founder of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, and his first wife Helena del Bosco... 4 February 1207 1 child? (2) Maria of Bulgaria Maria of Bulgaria, Latin Empress Maria of Bulgaria was the second Empress consort of Henry of Flanders, Latin Emperor of Constantinople.-Family:She was a daughter of Kaloyan of Bulgaria. Her mother may have been his wife Anna of Cumania. She went on to marry Boril of Bulgaria, a nephew of her first husband. Her paternal uncles... 1213 no children |
11 June 1216 aged about 42 |
|
| Peter 1216-1217 |
c. 1155 son of Peter Peter of Courtenay Peter of Courtenay was emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople from 1216 to 1217.He was a son of Peter I of Courtenay , the youngest son of Louis VI of France and his second Queen consort Adélaide de Maurienne... and Elizabeth de Courtenay |
9 April 1217 in a church outside Rome Rome Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half... began reign in 1216 |
(1) Agnes of Nevers one daughter (2) Yolanda of Flanders Yolanda of Flanders Yolanda of Flanders ruled the Latin Empire in Constantinople for her husband Peter II of Courtenay from 1217 to 1219.She was the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault, and Countess Margaret I of Flanders. Two of her brothers, Baldwin I and then Henry, were emperors in Constantinople... 10 children |
1219 aged about 64 |
|
| Yolanda Yolanda of Flanders Yolanda of Flanders ruled the Latin Empire in Constantinople for her husband Peter II of Courtenay from 1217 to 1219.She was the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault, and Countess Margaret I of Flanders. Two of her brothers, Baldwin I and then Henry, were emperors in Constantinople... (regent) 1217-1219 |
 |
1175 daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault and Margaret I, Countess of Flanders |
Peter II of Courtenay, Latin Emperor 10 children |
August 1219 aged 44 |
|
| Robert Robert of Courtenay Robert of Courtenay , emperor of the Latin Empire, or of Constantinople, was a younger son of the emperor Peter II of Courtenay, and a descendant of the French king, Louis VI, while his mother Yolanda of Flanders was a sister of Baldwin and Henry of Flanders, the first and second emperors of the... 1221-1228 |
son of Peter II of Courtenay and Yolanda of Flanders Yolanda of Flanders Yolanda of Flanders ruled the Latin Empire in Constantinople for her husband Peter II of Courtenay from 1217 to 1219.She was the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault, and Countess Margaret I of Flanders. Two of her brothers, Baldwin I and then Henry, were emperors in Constantinople... , Latin Emperors |
25 March 1221 | Lady of Neuville Lady of Neuville Lady of Neuville was the Empress consort of Robert of Courtenay, Latin Emperor of Constantinople. Her first name is unknown, though a number of genealogies have assigned her the name Eudoxie... 1227 no children |
January 1228 Morea Morea The Morea was the name of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. It also referred to a Byzantine province in the region, known as the Despotate of Morea.-Origins of the name:... , Principality of Achaea Principality of Achaea The Principality of Achaea or of the Morea was one of the three vassal states of the Latin Empire which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. It became a vassal of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, along with the Duchy of Athens, until Thessalonica... |
|
| John John of Brienne John of Brienne was a French nobleman who became King of Jerusalem by marriage, and ruled the Latin Empire of Constantinople as regent.-Life:... (regent) 1229-1237 |
c. 1170 son of Erard II of Brienne Erard II of Brienne Érard II of Brienne was count of Brienne from 1161 to 1191, and a French general during the Third Crusade, most notably at the Siege of Acre. He was the son of Gautier II, count of Brienne, and of Adèle of Soissons. During this siege he saw his brother André of Brienne die on 4 October 1189... and Agnes de Montfaucon |
(1) Queen Maria of Jerusalem Maria of Montferrat Maria of Montferrat was Queen of Jerusalem, the daughter of Conrad of Montferrat and Isabella, Queen of Jerusalem... 14 September 1210 one daughter (2) Stephanie of Armenia one son (3) Berengaria of León 1224 4 children |
27 March 1237 aged about 67 |
||
| Baldwin II Baldwin II of Constantinople Baldwin II of Courtenay was the last emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople.He was a younger son of Yolanda of Flanders, sister of the first two emperors, Baldwin I and Henry of Flanders... 1228-1261 |
|
1217 son of Peter II of Courtenay, Latin Emperor and Yolanda of Flanders Yolanda of Flanders Yolanda of Flanders ruled the Latin Empire in Constantinople for her husband Peter II of Courtenay from 1217 to 1219.She was the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault, and Countess Margaret I of Flanders. Two of her brothers, Baldwin I and then Henry, were emperors in Constantinople... , Latin Empress |
15 April 1240 began reign in 1228 |
Marie of Brienne Marie of Brienne Marie of Brienne was the Empress consort of Baldwin II of Courtenay, Latin Emperor of Constantinople.-Family:She was a daughter of John of Brienne and his third wife Berenguela of Leon. Marie was a younger, paternal half-sister of Yolande of Jerusalem... 1234 one son |
October 1273 Foggia Foggia Foggia is a city and comune of Apulia, Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere, also known as the "granary of Italy".-History:... , Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Sicily The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II in 1130 until 1816. It was a successor state of the County of Sicily, which had been founded in 1071 during the Norman conquest of southern Italy... aged 43 |
Latin emperors of Constantinople in exile, 1261–1383
- Baldwin II (1261–1273), in exile from Constantinople
- Philip IPhilip of CourtenayPhilip I of Courtenay was titular Emperor of Constantinople 1273–1283. He was the son of Baldwin II of Constantinople and Marie of Brienne....
(1273–1283), his son - Catherine ICatherine I of CourtenayCatherine I of Courtenay was Titular Empress of Constantinople from 1283 to her death in 1307. In 1301, she became the second wife of Charles of Valois, by whom she had one son and three daughters; the eldest of these, Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea succeeded her as titular...
(1283–1307), his daughter, with... - Charles of ValoisCharles of ValoisCharles of Valois was the fourth son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon. His mother was a daughter of James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary. He was a member of the House of Capet and founded the House of Valois...
(1301–1307), her husband - Catherine IICatherine II of Valois, Princess of AchaeaCatherine of Valois was titular Empress of Constantinople from 1308 to her death as Catherine II, Princess consort of Achaea from 1332 to 1341, and Governor of Cephalonia from 1341 to her death.-Life:...
(1307–1346), their daughter, with... - Philip IIPhilip I of TarantoPhilip I of Taranto : of the Angevin house, was titular Emperor of Constantinople , despot of Epirus, King of Albania, Prince of Achaea and Taranto, and Lord of Durazzo....
(1313–1332), her husband - Robert IIRobert of TarantoRobert II of Taranto , of the Angevin family, Prince of Taranto , King of Albania , Prince of Achaea , Titular Emperor of Constantinople ....
(1346–1364), their son - Philip IIIPhilip II of TarantoPhilip II of Taranto of the Angevin house, was Prince of Achaea and Taranto, and titular Emperor of Constantinople from 1364 to his death in 1374....
(1364–1373), his brother - James of BauxJames of BauxJames of Baux , Duke of Andria, was the last titular Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1374 to 1383 and Prince of Achaea from 1382 to 1383....
(1373–1383), his nephew
James of Baux willed his titular claims to Duke Louis I of Anjou, also claimant to the throne of Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, but Louis and his descendants never used the title. However, James' feudal heirs were the descendants of Joan of Valois, youngest sister of Empress Catherine II, as follows:
- John of Artois, Count of EuJohn of Artois, Count of EuJohn of Artois , called "sans Terre" , was the son of Robert III of Artois and Jeanne of Valois. The confiscation of his father's goods for attempted fraud in 1331 had left him without an inheritance....
(1383–1387), son of Joan of Valois (youngest sister of Empress Catherine II) and Count Robert III of ArtoisRobert III of ArtoisRobert III of Artois was the son of Philip of Artois and Blanche of Brittany.In 1318 he married Joan of Valois , daughter of Charles of Valois, and had issue:* Louis... - Robert IV of Artois, Count of EuRobert IV of Artois, Count of EuRobert IV of Artois , son of John of Artois, Count of Eu and Isabeau of Melun, was Count of Eu in 1387.About 1376, he married Joanna of Durazzo, daughter of Charles, Duke of Durazzo. He was poisoned and died in the Castel dell'Ovo, Naples....
(6 April–20 July 1387), son - Philip of Artois, Count of EuPhilip of Artois, Count of EuPhilip of Artois , son of John of Artois, Count of Eu and Isabeau of Melun, was Count of Eu from 1387 until his death, succeeding his brother Robert....
(1387–1397), brother - Charles of Artois, Count of EuCharles of Artois, Count of EuCharles of Artois , son of Philip of Artois, Count of Eu and Marie of Berry, was Count of Eu from 1397 until his death. He was appointed Lieutenant of the King in Normandy and Guyenne, and Governor of Paris. He was taken prisoner by the English at the Battle of Agincourt, and was not released until...
(1397–1472), son - John II, Count of NeversJohn II, Count of NeversJohn II, Count of Nevers He was the son of Philip II, Count of Nevers by his wife Bonne of Artois, daughter of Philip of Artois, Count of Eu. From 1442 to 1465 he was Count of Etampes. John's elder brother was also his predecessor in his titles, Charles I, Count of Nevers...
(1472–1491), nephew - John II, Duke of ClevesJohn II, Duke of ClevesJohn II, "The Pious" or "The Babymaker", Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark, was a son of John I, Duke of Cleves and Elizabeth of Nevers. He ruled Cleves from 1481 to his death in 1521...
(1491–1521), grandson - John III, Duke of ClevesJohn III, Duke of ClevesJohn III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves and Count of Mark was a son of John II, Duke of Cleves and Matilda of Hesse, daughter of Henry III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse.John III became Regent of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg in 1521, and Lord of Ravensberg in 1528.John represented...
(1521–1539), son - William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1539–1592), son
- John William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-BergJohn William, Duke of Julich-Cleves-BergJohn William of Jülich-Cleves-Berg was a Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg.His parents were William the Rich, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg and Maria of Austria , a daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. He grew up and was educated in Xanten. John William became...
(1592–1609), son - Duchess Anna of Prussia (1609–1625), niece, married with John Sigismund, Elector of BrandenburgJohn Sigismund, Elector of BrandenburgJohn Sigismund was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from the House of Hohenzollern. He also served as a Duke of Prussia.-Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia:...
- George William, Elector of BrandenburgGeorge William, Elector of BrandenburgGeorge William of Brandenburg , of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was margrave and elector of Brandenburg and duke of Prussia from 1619 until his death. His reign was marked by ineffective governance during the Thirty Years' War...
(1625–1640), son - Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg (1640–1688), son
- Frederick I of PrussiaFrederick I of PrussiaFrederick I , of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia in personal union . The latter function he upgraded to royalty, becoming the first King in Prussia . From 1707 he was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel...
(1688–1713), son - Frederick William I of PrussiaFrederick William I of PrussiaFrederick William I of the House of Hohenzollern, was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death...
(1713–1740), son - Frederick II of Prussia (1740–1786), son
- Frederick William II of PrussiaFrederick William II of PrussiaFrederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
(1786–1797), nephew - Frederick William III of PrussiaFrederick William III of PrussiaFrederick William III was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel .-Early life:...
(1797–1840), son - Frederick William IV of PrussiaFrederick William IV of Prussia|align=right|Upon his accession, he toned down the reactionary policies enacted by his father, easing press censorship and promising to enact a constitution at some point, but he refused to enact a popular legislative assembly, preferring to work with the aristocracy through "united committees" of...
(1840–1861), son - William I, German EmperorWilliam I, German EmperorWilliam I, also known as Wilhelm I , of the House of Hohenzollern was the King of Prussia and the first German Emperor .Under the leadership of William and his Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, Prussia achieved the unification of Germany and the...
(1861–1888), brother - Frederick III, German EmperorFrederick III, German EmperorFrederick III was German Emperor and King of Prussia for 99 days in 1888, the Year of the Three Emperors. Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl known informally as Fritz, was the only son of Emperor William I and was raised in his family's tradition of military service...
(9 March–15 June 1888), son - William II, German EmperorWilliam II, German EmperorWilhelm II was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918. He was a grandson of the British Queen Victoria and related to many monarchs and princes of Europe...
(1888–1941), son - William, German Crown Prince (1941–1951), son
- Louis Ferdinand, Prince of PrussiaLouis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia-Children:* Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia , married firstly Waltraud Freytag on 22 August 1967 in Plön, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; secondly Ehrengard von Reden on 23 April 1976; thirdly Sibylle Kretschmer. He renounced his succession rights on 18 September 1967...
(1951–1994), son - George Frederick, Prince of Prussia (1994–present), grandson