Katarina Kosaca-Kotromanic
Encyclopedia
Blessed Catherine of Bosnia (1425 – 25 October 1478) was the Queen consort of Bosnia as the wife of King Stephen Thomas. She was a daughter of Stjepan Vukčić Kosača
, Duke of Saint Sava. Born into the House of Kosača
and married into the House of Kotromanić
, her Bosnian
, Croatian
and Serbian
name is often rendered Katarina Kosača or Kosača-Kotromanić; Bosnian and Serbian in Cyrillic: Катарина Косача Котроманић.
After her husband's death in 1461 she became the queen dowager
of Bosnia, but had to flee the Ottoman
invasion in 1463. Although she is often called "the last Queen of Bosnia", scholars agree that the last Queen of Bosnia was actually Catherine's stepdaughter-in-law, Mary of Serbia
.
, the seat of her mighty father Stjepan Vukčić, most powerful amongst Bosnian nobility, and died on 25 November 1478 exiled in Rome
. Her mother was Jelena Balšić, granddaughter of Prince Lazar of Serbia.
Growing up in Blagaj
, Katarina was said to have spent her childhood reading poetry, playing the organ, and entertained by buffo performances of actor Mrvac and travelling actors from Florence
and Dubrovnik
on her father's court. Legend has it that Mrvac was Katarina's first love.
On 26 May 1446, she was given in marriage to the illegitimate son of King Stephen Ostoja of Bosnia, Stephen Thomas, to strengthen the ties between the Bosnian royal house and Bosnia's nobility at the time when Count Herman II of Celje and Zagorje, son of Herman I of Celje and Catherine of Bosnia, Countess of Cilli
(who, in turn, was a daughter of Vladislav Kotromanić
), was poised to claim the Bosnian throne, and the Ottoman
threat to Bosnia
was looming.
Stephen Thomas was in a difficult position. His own brother, Radivoj Ostojić, supported by the Ottomans
, was also claiming rights to the throne, referring to himself as king of Bosnia, while Bosnian nobility considered his origins and marriage to a commoner, Vojača
, unfit for a king. Stephen Thomas sought support from the Pope
, and in exchange for recognition of himself as a legitimate ruler of Bosnia
and denunciation of the heretic Bosnian Church
, he was crowned in 1445. In another political masterstroke, he married Catherine in a Catholic ceremony in May of 1446 ensuring, at least for a short while, the support of the most powerful nobleman in the kingdom and a staunch supporter of the Bosnian Church
, Stjepan Kosača.
Having moved to Kraljeva Sutjeska
, the seat of Bosnian kings, Catherine gave birth to two children: son Sigismund
, in 1449, and daughter Catherine in 1459. During this time, her husband, under pressure from the Catholic Church, embarked on widespread persecution of the followers of the Bosnian Church
once again colliding with the Bosnian nobility and people. Some 40,000 followers of the Bosnian Church found refuge in the lands controlled by Catherine's father, who, having received the title of Herzeg from the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III
in 1448 and with the blessing of Sultan Mehmed II
the Conqueror, once again found himself on the collision course with his son-in-law.
Tomaš died on 10 July 1461 and was succeeded by his son, Stephen Tomašević, who recognised Catherine as queen mother. Tomašević's wife, Mary of Serbia
, replaced Catherine as Queen of Bosnia. Tomašević's reign was short, as he was beheaded on 5 June 1463.
, Ston
and Dubrovnik
, while her children were taken to Constantinople
, and were converted to Islam. It appears that she never heard from them again. Other sources claim it was her half-brother, Ahmed-pasha Hercegović
, son from Stjepan Vukčić's marriage to Cecilia and later son-in-law of Bayezid II
, who organised for the children to be taken to Istanbul
and under whose patronage Catherine's son, now called Ishak-beg Kraloglu (Kraljević), became quite influential. Her daughter Catherine died in Skopje
, where Isa-beg Ishaković erected her a tombstone, the Kral Kızı Monument
.
The unfortunate Queen Catherine carried with her the symbols of the Bosnian
royal house, hoping her kingdom was eventually going to be restored. Having spent some time in Dubrovnik
, she travelled back to her parental home in Blagaj
, but found her ailing father feuding with her brothers Vlatko and Vladislav. With Herzeg Stjepan, she, once again, left for Dubrovnik
. Herzeg Stjepan, however, died in 1466 in Novi (today Herceg Novi
), and Katarina accepted the invitation of the Catholic Church to move to Rome
. She was a respected among the Slavs in Rome at the time, but without much funds because her father had cut her out of his will.
In Dubrovnik
, she is said to have left the sword of her late husband to be delivered to her son if he comes back from captivity. Her younger sister, again by Stjepan Vukčić's marriage to Cecilia, married the ruler of Zeta and Montenegrin epic hero Ivan Crnojević.
The Roman Catholic Church
seems to have been the only institution that still recognised Catherine as the 'legitimate queen'. However, her influence through noble connections seems to have been wider, since she is noted to have attended the wedding of Sophia Palaiologina and Russian Duke Ivan III, also known as Ivan the Great, in 1472.
In Rome
, she lived in a house near the Church of St Mark, with her 'court' consisting of Radić Klešić, Juraj Ćubranić, Abraham Radić, Pavla Mirković, Jelena Semković and Marija Mišljenović. They served her until her death, on 25 October 1478. An edict was issued in Rome marking her death.
In her will she left all of the (non-existing) kingdom to the Holy See
but only should her children 'not return to the Christian faith'.
.
Her tombstone features a life-size portrait with the emblems of the houses of Kotromanić and Kosača to each side. The inscription, originally written in Bosnian Cyrillic
., but in 1590 replaced with a Latin
one, reads:
The memory of Queen Catherine, who was beatified after her death, is still alive in Central Bosnia, where Catholics traditionally mark 25 October with a mass in Bobovac
'at the altar of the homeland'. Some of the artifacts belonging to the Queen and the Kotromanić family were taken in 1871 by Josip Juraj Strossmayer
from the Franciscan monastery in Kraljeva Sutjeska to Croatia
for safekeeping until 'Bosnia is liberated'. They have never been returned.
, where she would be queen. Apparently, Mary of Serbia did not object. Nevertheless, Mary of Serbia was the last Queen of Bosnia.
|-
Stjepan Vukcic Kosaca
Stjepan Vukčić Kosača was a Herzegovina nobleman. He was a member of the House of Kosača, a Grand Duke of Herzegovina, Lord of Zahumlje and Primorje and also Herzog of Serbian Saint Sava...
, Duke of Saint Sava. Born into the House of Kosača
House of Kosaca
The House of Kosača was a medieval Bosnian noble family which ruled over various parts of Bosnia, Croatia and Dalmatia between the 14th century and the 15th century. The land they controlled was mostly known as Hum or Zahumlje...
and married into the House of Kotromanić
House of Kotromanic
The Kotromanić dynasty was a ruling house that ruled in the medieval Bosnia and the surrounding lands, from the 13th century as Bans until the crowning with the Bosnian crowns in 1377 and then as kings until the Ottoman conquest conquest in 1463....
, her Bosnian
Bosnian language
Bosnian is a South Slavic language, spoken by Bosniaks. As a standardized form of the Shtokavian dialect, it is one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina....
, Croatian
Croatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
and Serbian
Serbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
name is often rendered Katarina Kosača or Kosača-Kotromanić; Bosnian and Serbian in Cyrillic: Катарина Косача Котроманић.
After her husband's death in 1461 she became the queen dowager
Queen Dowager
A queen dowager or dowager queen is a title or status generally held by the widow of a deceased king. In the case of the widow of a deceased emperor, the title of empress dowager is used...
of Bosnia, but had to flee the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
invasion in 1463. Although she is often called "the last Queen of Bosnia", scholars agree that the last Queen of Bosnia was actually Catherine's stepdaughter-in-law, Mary of Serbia
Mary of Serbia, Queen of Bosnia
Helena of Serbia, later known as Maria was the last Queen of Bosnia and Despoina of Serbia.-Background:...
.
Biography
She was born c. 1425 in BlagajBlagaj
Blagaj is a village-town in the south-eastern region of the Mostar basin, in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It stands at the edge of Bišće plain and is one of the most valuable mixed urban and rural structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, distinguished from other similar...
, the seat of her mighty father Stjepan Vukčić, most powerful amongst Bosnian nobility, and died on 25 November 1478 exiled in Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
. Her mother was Jelena Balšić, granddaughter of Prince Lazar of Serbia.
Growing up in Blagaj
Blagaj
Blagaj is a village-town in the south-eastern region of the Mostar basin, in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It stands at the edge of Bišće plain and is one of the most valuable mixed urban and rural structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, distinguished from other similar...
, Katarina was said to have spent her childhood reading poetry, playing the organ, and entertained by buffo performances of actor Mrvac and travelling actors from Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
and Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641...
on her father's court. Legend has it that Mrvac was Katarina's first love.
On 26 May 1446, she was given in marriage to the illegitimate son of King Stephen Ostoja of Bosnia, Stephen Thomas, to strengthen the ties between the Bosnian royal house and Bosnia's nobility at the time when Count Herman II of Celje and Zagorje, son of Herman I of Celje and Catherine of Bosnia, Countess of Cilli
Catherine of Bosnia, Countess of Cilli
Catherine of Bosnia was a Bosnian noblewoman. She was Countess of Cilli by her marriage to Hermann I, Count of Cilli, and a member of the House of Kotromanić by birth.- Family :...
(who, in turn, was a daughter of Vladislav Kotromanić
Vladislav Kotromanic
Vladislav Kotromanić was a 14th-century acting regent of medieval Bosnia, from September 1353 to his death in 1354. He was co-regent with his brother, Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia, 1326-1353....
), was poised to claim the Bosnian throne, and the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
threat to Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
was looming.
Stephen Thomas was in a difficult position. His own brother, Radivoj Ostojić, supported by the Ottomans
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
, was also claiming rights to the throne, referring to himself as king of Bosnia, while Bosnian nobility considered his origins and marriage to a commoner, Vojača
Vojača
Vojača was queen consort of Bosnia as the first wife of King Stephen Thomas of Bosnia.Vojača was a commoner and Patarene by religion. She married Stephen Thomas before his accession and gave birth to his eldest son and heir, Stephen Tomašević. When her husband was elected King of Bosnia, she became...
, unfit for a king. Stephen Thomas sought support from the Pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
, and in exchange for recognition of himself as a legitimate ruler of Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
and denunciation of the heretic Bosnian Church
Bosnian Church
The Bosnian Church is historically thought to be an indigenous branch of the Bogomils that existed in Bosnia during the Middle Ages. Adherents of the church called themselves simply Krstjani...
, he was crowned in 1445. In another political masterstroke, he married Catherine in a Catholic ceremony in May of 1446 ensuring, at least for a short while, the support of the most powerful nobleman in the kingdom and a staunch supporter of the Bosnian Church
Bosnian Church
The Bosnian Church is historically thought to be an indigenous branch of the Bogomils that existed in Bosnia during the Middle Ages. Adherents of the church called themselves simply Krstjani...
, Stjepan Kosača.
Having moved to Kraljeva Sutjeska
Kraljeva Sutjeska
Kraljeva Sutjeska is a Bosnian Franciscan monastery in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located near Kakanj, in the village of Kraljevska Sutjeska....
, the seat of Bosnian kings, Catherine gave birth to two children: son Sigismund
Ishak-bey Kraloglu
Ishak-bey Kraloglu or Sigismund of Bosnia was one of the last known members of the House of Kotromanić.- Childhood :...
, in 1449, and daughter Catherine in 1459. During this time, her husband, under pressure from the Catholic Church, embarked on widespread persecution of the followers of the Bosnian Church
Bosnian Church
The Bosnian Church is historically thought to be an indigenous branch of the Bogomils that existed in Bosnia during the Middle Ages. Adherents of the church called themselves simply Krstjani...
once again colliding with the Bosnian nobility and people. Some 40,000 followers of the Bosnian Church found refuge in the lands controlled by Catherine's father, who, having received the title of Herzeg from the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick the Peaceful KG was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452...
in 1448 and with the blessing of Sultan Mehmed II
Mehmed II
Mehmed II , was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to September 1446, and later from...
the Conqueror, once again found himself on the collision course with his son-in-law.
Tomaš died on 10 July 1461 and was succeeded by his son, Stephen Tomašević, who recognised Catherine as queen mother. Tomašević's wife, Mary of Serbia
Mary of Serbia, Queen of Bosnia
Helena of Serbia, later known as Maria was the last Queen of Bosnia and Despoina of Serbia.-Background:...
, replaced Catherine as Queen of Bosnia. Tomašević's reign was short, as he was beheaded on 5 June 1463.
Life in exile
In 1463, Queen Catherine escaped to Kozograd, and then to KonjicKonjic
Konjic is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in northern Herzegovina, around southwest of Sarajevo. It is a mountainous, heavily wooded area, and is above sea level. The municipality extends on both sides of the Neretva River. The town of Konjic, housed about a third...
, Ston
Ston
Ston is a village and municipality in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia, located at the south of isthmus of the Pelješac peninsula. The town of Ston is the center of the Ston municipality.- Demographics :...
and Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641...
, while her children were taken to Constantinople
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
, and were converted to Islam. It appears that she never heard from them again. Other sources claim it was her half-brother, Ahmed-pasha Hercegović
Hersekli Ahmed Paşa
Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha or Hersekli Ahmed Pasha or Ahmed Hercegović was a Bosnian/Croatian Ottoman general and statesman from Herzegovina.-Family connections:...
, son from Stjepan Vukčić's marriage to Cecilia and later son-in-law of Bayezid II
Bayezid II
Bayezid II or Sultân Bayezid-î Velî was the oldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512...
, who organised for the children to be taken to Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
and under whose patronage Catherine's son, now called Ishak-beg Kraloglu (Kraljević), became quite influential. Her daughter Catherine died in Skopje
Skopje
Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre...
, where Isa-beg Ishaković erected her a tombstone, the Kral Kızı Monument
Kral Kızı Monument
Kral Kızı Monument or Kral Kızı Mausoleum is a mausoleum dedicated to the daughter of the Bosnian queen Katarina Kosača located in the city of Skopje, Macedonia, near the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics of Ss...
.
The unfortunate Queen Catherine carried with her the symbols of the Bosnian
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
royal house, hoping her kingdom was eventually going to be restored. Having spent some time in Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641...
, she travelled back to her parental home in Blagaj
Blagaj
Blagaj is a village-town in the south-eastern region of the Mostar basin, in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It stands at the edge of Bišće plain and is one of the most valuable mixed urban and rural structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, distinguished from other similar...
, but found her ailing father feuding with her brothers Vlatko and Vladislav. With Herzeg Stjepan, she, once again, left for Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641...
. Herzeg Stjepan, however, died in 1466 in Novi (today Herceg Novi
Herceg Novi
Herceg Novi is a coastal town in Montenegro located at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor and at the foot of Mount Orjen. It is the administrative center of the Herceg Novi Municipality with around 33,000 inhabitants...
), and Katarina accepted the invitation of the Catholic Church to move to Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
. She was a respected among the Slavs in Rome at the time, but without much funds because her father had cut her out of his will.
In Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641...
, she is said to have left the sword of her late husband to be delivered to her son if he comes back from captivity. Her younger sister, again by Stjepan Vukčić's marriage to Cecilia, married the ruler of Zeta and Montenegrin epic hero Ivan Crnojević.
The Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
seems to have been the only institution that still recognised Catherine as the 'legitimate queen'. However, her influence through noble connections seems to have been wider, since she is noted to have attended the wedding of Sophia Palaiologina and Russian Duke Ivan III, also known as Ivan the Great, in 1472.
In Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, she lived in a house near the Church of St Mark, with her 'court' consisting of Radić Klešić, Juraj Ćubranić, Abraham Radić, Pavla Mirković, Jelena Semković and Marija Mišljenović. They served her until her death, on 25 October 1478. An edict was issued in Rome marking her death.
In her will she left all of the (non-existing) kingdom to the Holy See
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
but only should her children 'not return to the Christian faith'.
Legacy
Catholics from the region (mostly Bosnian Croats) often visit her tomb in the Roman church of Santa Maria in AracoeliSanta Maria in Aracoeli
The Basilica of St. Mary of the Altar of Heaven is a titular basilica in Rome, located on the highest summit of the Campidoglio. It is still the designated Church of the city council of Rome, which uses the ancient title of Senatus Populusque Romanus...
.
Her tombstone features a life-size portrait with the emblems of the houses of Kotromanić and Kosača to each side. The inscription, originally written in Bosnian Cyrillic
Bosnian Cyrillic
Bosnian Cyrillic or Croatian Cyrillic, widely known as Bosančica, is an extinct Cyrillic script, that originated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was widely used in Bosnia and Croatia . Its name in Bosnian and Croatian is bosančica or bosanica, which can literally be translated as Bosnian script...
., but in 1590 replaced with a Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
one, reads:
- Catharinae Reginae Bosnensi
- Stephani ducis santi sabbae sorori
- et genere Helene et domo principis
- Stephani natae Thomae regis Bosane
- vsori Qvanrum vixit annorum LIIII
- et obdormivit Romae anno Domini
- MCCCCLXXVIII dei XXV oteobris
- monumentum ipsus scriptis positiv.
The memory of Queen Catherine, who was beatified after her death, is still alive in Central Bosnia, where Catholics traditionally mark 25 October with a mass in Bobovac
Bobovac
Bobovac is a fortified city of medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located near today's Vareš.The city was built during the reign of Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia, and was first mentioned in a document dating from 1349...
'at the altar of the homeland'. Some of the artifacts belonging to the Queen and the Kotromanić family were taken in 1871 by Josip Juraj Strossmayer
Josip Juraj Strossmayer
Josip Juraj Strossmayer was a Croatian politician, Roman Catholic bishop and benefactor.-Early life and rise as a cleric:...
from the Franciscan monastery in Kraljeva Sutjeska to Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
for safekeeping until 'Bosnia is liberated'. They have never been returned.
Note
Various sources are giving similar reasons for referring to Catherine as the last queen of Bosnia. After the death of her stepson, King Stephen Tomašević, in 1463, Catherine tried to obtain help to restore the Kingdom of BosniaKingdom of Bosnia
The Kingdom of Bosnia or the Bosnian Kingdom was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Balkans, existing between 1377 and 1463.- Establishment :...
, where she would be queen. Apparently, Mary of Serbia did not object. Nevertheless, Mary of Serbia was the last Queen of Bosnia.
Ancestry
Sources
- Dubravka Nikolic, 'Čijom je naša kraljica?', SARTR, 2005
- Ibrahim Kajan, 'Katarina, kraljica bosanska', 2004
- Ibrahim Kajan, 'Tragom bosanskih kraljeva - putopis', 2003
- Mijo Šain, 'Katrina Vukčić Kosača Kotromanić: 1424-1478', Kraljeva Sutjeska Online, 2004, http://www.kraljeva-sutjeska.com/nasa_bastina.php?subaction=showfull&id=1101832538&archive=&start_from=&ucat=7&
- Bosnian Queen Katarina
See also
|-