Jules Léger
Encyclopedia
Jules Léger was a Canadian
diplomat and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada
, the 21st since Canadian Confederation
.
Léger was born and educated in Quebec
and France
prior to starting a career in the Canadian Department of External Affairs, and eventually served as ambassador
to a number of countries. He was in 1973 appointed as governor general by Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, on the recommendation of Prime Minister of Canada
Pierre Trudeau
, to replace Roland Michener
as viceroy
, and he occupied the post until succeeded by Edward Schreyer
in 1979. As the Queen's representative, Léger was credited for modernising the office and fostering Canadian unity.
On June 1, 1979, Léger was sworn into the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
, giving him the accordant style of The Honourable
. However, as a former governor general of Canada, Léger was entitled to be styled for life with the superior form of The Right Honourable
. He died on November 22, 1980.
, Quebec
, to Ernest and Alda (née Beauvais), Léger, along with his brother, Paul-Émile, was raised in a devoutly religious family. After completing high school, Léger went on to the Collège de Valleyfield and then the Université de Montréal
, where he completed a law degree. Léger subsequently enrolled at the Sorbonne
in Paris
, from which he was awarded a doctorate in 1938, the same year that, on August 13, he married Gabrielle Carmel
, whom he'd met at the University of Paris. The couple together had two daughters, Francine and Helene.
When Léger returned to Canada at the end of 1938, he was hired as an associate editor of Le Droit
in Ottawa
, but remained there for only one year before he went on to become a professor of diplomatic history at the University of Ottawa
until 1942. Simultaneously, Léger joined in 1940 the Department of External Affairs, and in just over 13 years received his first overseas diplomatic posting as Canada's ambassador to Mexico. After his retirement from that office on August 1, 1954, he returned to Ottawa to act as under-secretary of state for external affairs, until, on September 25, 1958, he was commissioned as ambassador and permanent representative to the North Atlantic Council
, occupying that post until 5 July 1962, as well as the Canadian representative to the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation
in Paris. Then, from 1962 to 1964, Léger held the commission of ambassador to Italy
, and, from 1964 to 1968 was the ambassador to France. It was during this time, in July 1967, that French president Charles de Gaulle
visited Canada to attend Expo 67
, and in Montreal
gave his infamous Vive le Québec libre speech. This intrusion of the President into Canadian affairs caused a diplomatic chill for decades thereafter between Canada and France; however, Léger attracted admiration for his sensitive handling of de Gaulle's policy towards Quebec.
By 1968, Léger had returned to Canada's capital and was appointed as under-secretary of state, providing the administrative basis for Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson
's foreign policy, and the policies on bilingualism and multiculturalism
developed by the Cabinet chaired by Pearson's successor, Pierre Trudeau
. Léger left that position in 1972, and briefly served as ambassador to Belgium
and Luxembourg
between March 1973 and January 1974.
that Queen Elizabeth II had, by commission under the royal sign-manual
and Great Seal of Canada
, approved Pierre Trudeau's choice of Léger to succeed Roland Michener
as the Queen's representative. He was subsequently sworn-in during a ceremony in the Senate chamber on January 14, of the following year.
Only six months later, just prior to a ceremony wherein he was to receive an honorary degree
from the Université de Sherbrooke
, Léger suffered a stroke
, leaving him with impeded speech and a paralysed
right arm. Though he returned to his viceregal duties not long after, presiding over an Order of Canada
investiture in December 1974, his wife assisted him on many occasions, even reading parts of the Speech from the Throne
in 1976 and 1978. Still, the Légers travelled across the country, encouraging Canadian unity at a time fraught with Quebec sovereignty disputes
and perceived alienation by other regions, as well promoting the fine arts and artistic endeavours, aided at such by their friendships with painters such as Jean Paul Lemieux
, Alfred Pellan
, and Jean Dallaire. In 1978 Léger established the Jules Léger Prize for New Chamber Music
. He also established an award for heritage conservation and the Jules Léger Scholarship to promote academic excellence in bilingual programs at the University of Regina
.
Léger was credited with greatly modernising the Office of the Governor General, having, among other things, eschewed the traditional court dress
of the Windsor uniform in favour of morning dress
at state functions, though he was also negatively criticised for the same, as well as for asking that decorations, particularly those from the Second World War
, not be worn at certain state events. He was further critiqued for remaining in such an important office despite his incapacitation. Still, he remained focused on the person and institution he represented, and was known to write to the Queen on a monthly basis. His official portrait was a first for including the viceregal consort
, done to recognise Gabrielle's contributions to her husband's service.
Léger's style and title as governor general was, in full, and in English
: His Excellency the Right Honourable Jules Léger, Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada, Chancellor and Commander of the Order of Military Merit, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada, and in French
: Son Excellence le très honorable Jules Léger, chancelièr et compagnon principal de l'ordre du Canada, chancelièr et commandant de l'ordre du mérite militaire, gouverneur générale et commandant en chef du Canada.
In his post-viceregal life, Léger's style and title is, in English: The Right Honourable Jules Léger, Companion of the Order of Canada, Commander of the Order of Military Merit, and in French: le très honorable Jules Léger, compagnon de l'ordre du Canada, commandant de l'ordre du mérite militaire.
Léger's post-nominal letters
are, in order according to the Oxford University Calendar Notes on Style: PC, CC, OMM, CD, LLB Mont, LLD Paris, LLD(hc) Ott
Appointments June 19, 1973 January 14, 1974: Companion of the Order of Canada
(CC)
Medals January 14, 1974: Canadian Forces Decoration
(CD) 1977: Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal
January 14, 1974 January 22, 1979: Colonel of the Regiment of the Governor General's Foot Guards
January 14, 1974 January 22, 1979: Colonel of the Regiment of the Canadian Grenadier Guards
, Doctor of Laws (LLD)
, Regina
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
diplomat and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada
Governor General of Canada
The Governor General of Canada is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II...
, the 21st since Canadian Confederation
Canadian Confederation
Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed on July 1, 1867. On that day, three British colonies were formed into four Canadian provinces...
.
Léger was born and educated in Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....
and France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
prior to starting a career in the Canadian Department of External Affairs, and eventually served as ambassador
Ambassador
An ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat who represents a nation and is usually accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization....
to a number of countries. He was in 1973 appointed as governor general by Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, on the recommendation of Prime Minister of Canada
Prime Minister of Canada
The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
Pierre Trudeau
Pierre Trudeau
Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, , usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals,...
, to replace Roland Michener
Roland Michener
Daniel Roland Michener , commonly known as Roland Michener, was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as Governor General of Canada, the 20th since Canadian Confederation....
as viceroy
Viceroy
A viceroy is a royal official who runs a country, colony, or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roi, meaning king. A viceroy's province or larger territory is called a viceroyalty...
, and he occupied the post until succeeded by Edward Schreyer
Edward Schreyer
Edward Richard Schreyer , commonly known as Ed Schreyer, is a Canadian politician, diplomat, and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 22nd since Canadian Confederation....
in 1979. As the Queen's representative, Léger was credited for modernising the office and fostering Canadian unity.
On June 1, 1979, Léger was sworn into the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
Queen's Privy Council for Canada
The Queen's Privy Council for Canada ), sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council, is the full group of personal consultants to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs, though responsible government requires the sovereign or her viceroy,...
, giving him the accordant style of The Honourable
The Honourable
The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable is a style used before the names of certain classes of persons. It is considered an honorific styling.-International diplomacy:...
. However, as a former governor general of Canada, Léger was entitled to be styled for life with the superior form of The Right Honourable
The Right Honourable
The Right Honourable is an honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain people in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Anglophone Caribbean and other Commonwealth Realms, and occasionally elsewhere...
. He died on November 22, 1980.
Youth and career
Born in Saint-AnicetSaint-Anicet, Quebec
Saint-Anicet is a parish municipality of Quebec, located within the Le Haut-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality in the Montérégie administrative region...
, Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....
, to Ernest and Alda (née Beauvais), Léger, along with his brother, Paul-Émile, was raised in a devoutly religious family. After completing high school, Léger went on to the Collège de Valleyfield and then the Université de Montréal
Université de Montréal
The Université de Montréal is a public francophone research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It comprises thirteen faculties, more than sixty departments and two affiliated schools: the École Polytechnique and HEC Montréal...
, where he completed a law degree. Léger subsequently enrolled at the Sorbonne
University of Paris
The University of Paris was a university located in Paris, France and one of the earliest to be established in Europe. It was founded in the mid 12th century, and officially recognized as a university probably between 1160 and 1250...
in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, from which he was awarded a doctorate in 1938, the same year that, on August 13, he married Gabrielle Carmel
Gabrielle Léger
Gabrielle Léger, CC was the wife of the 21st Governor General of Canada Jules Léger and was the Viceregal consort of Canada....
, whom he'd met at the University of Paris. The couple together had two daughters, Francine and Helene.
When Léger returned to Canada at the end of 1938, he was hired as an associate editor of Le Droit
Le Droit
Le Droit is a Canadian daily newspaper, published in Ottawa, Canada. Initially established and owned by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, the paper was has been published by Gesca since 2000.-History:...
in Ottawa
Ottawa
Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the second largest city in the Province of Ontario, and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario...
, but remained there for only one year before he went on to become a professor of diplomatic history at the University of Ottawa
University of Ottawa
The University of Ottawa is a bilingual, research-intensive, non-denominational, international university in Ottawa, Ontario. It is one of the oldest universities in Canada. It was originally established as the College of Bytown in 1848 by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate...
until 1942. Simultaneously, Léger joined in 1940 the Department of External Affairs, and in just over 13 years received his first overseas diplomatic posting as Canada's ambassador to Mexico. After his retirement from that office on August 1, 1954, he returned to Ottawa to act as under-secretary of state for external affairs, until, on September 25, 1958, he was commissioned as ambassador and permanent representative to the North Atlantic Council
North Atlantic Council
North Atlantic Council is the most senior political governing body of NATO established by Article 9 of the North Atlantic Treaty. The NAC can be held at the Permanent Representative Level , or can be composed of member states' Ministers of State, Defense, or Heads of Government. The NAC has the...
, occupying that post until 5 July 1962, as well as the Canadian representative to the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation
European Economic Community
The European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) The European Economic Community (EEC) (also known as the Common Market in the English-speaking world, renamed the European Community (EC) in 1993The information in this article primarily covers the EEC's time as an independent...
in Paris. Then, from 1962 to 1964, Léger held the commission of ambassador to Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, and, from 1964 to 1968 was the ambassador to France. It was during this time, in July 1967, that French president Charles de Gaulle
Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President from 1959 to 1969....
visited Canada to attend Expo 67
Expo 67
The 1967 International and Universal Exposition or Expo 67, as it was commonly known, was the general exhibition, Category One World's Fair held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from April 27 to October 29, 1967. It is considered to be the most successful World's Fair of the 20th century, with the...
, and in Montreal
Montreal
Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...
gave his infamous Vive le Québec libre speech. This intrusion of the President into Canadian affairs caused a diplomatic chill for decades thereafter between Canada and France; however, Léger attracted admiration for his sensitive handling of de Gaulle's policy towards Quebec.
By 1968, Léger had returned to Canada's capital and was appointed as under-secretary of state, providing the administrative basis for Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson
Lester B. Pearson
Lester Bowles "Mike" Pearson, PC, OM, CC, OBE was a Canadian professor, historian, civil servant, statesman, diplomat, and politician, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis...
's foreign policy, and the policies on bilingualism and multiculturalism
Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is the appreciation, acceptance or promotion of multiple cultures, applied to the demographic make-up of a specific place, usually at the organizational level, e.g...
developed by the Cabinet chaired by Pearson's successor, Pierre Trudeau
Pierre Trudeau
Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, , usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals,...
. Léger left that position in 1972, and briefly served as ambassador to Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
and Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
between March 1973 and January 1974.
Governorship general
It was on October 5, 1973 announced from the Office of the Prime Minister of CanadaOffice of the Prime Minister (Canada)
In Canada, the Office of the Prime Minister , located in the Langevin Block, on Parliament Hill, in Ottawa, is one of the most powerful parts of the government. It is made up of the prime minister and his or her top political staff, who are charged with advising the prime minister on decisions,...
that Queen Elizabeth II had, by commission under the royal sign-manual
Royal sign-manual
The royal sign manual is the formal name given in the Commonwealth realms to the autograph signature of the sovereign, by the affixing of which the monarch expresses his or her pleasure either by order, commission, or warrant. A sign-manual warrant may be either an executive actfor example, an...
and Great Seal of Canada
Great Seal of Canada
The Great Seal of Canada is a seal used for official purposes of state in Canada such as the certification of Acts of Parliament that have been granted Royal Assent....
, approved Pierre Trudeau's choice of Léger to succeed Roland Michener
Roland Michener
Daniel Roland Michener , commonly known as Roland Michener, was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as Governor General of Canada, the 20th since Canadian Confederation....
as the Queen's representative. He was subsequently sworn-in during a ceremony in the Senate chamber on January 14, of the following year.
Only six months later, just prior to a ceremony wherein he was to receive an honorary degree
Honorary degree
An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa is an academic degree for which a university has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, study, and the passing of examinations...
from the Université de Sherbrooke
Université de Sherbrooke
The Université de Sherbrooke is a large university with campuses located in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada and Longueuil, a suburb of Montreal approximately west of Sherbrooke. It is one of two universities, and the only French language university, in the Estrie region of Quebec.In 2007, the...
, Léger suffered a stroke
Stroke
A stroke, previously known medically as a cerebrovascular accident , is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia caused by blockage , or a hemorrhage...
, leaving him with impeded speech and a paralysed
Paralysis
Paralysis is loss of muscle function for one or more muscles. Paralysis can be accompanied by a loss of feeling in the affected area if there is sensory damage as well as motor. A study conducted by the Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation, suggests that about 1 in 50 people have been diagnosed...
right arm. Though he returned to his viceregal duties not long after, presiding over an Order of Canada
Order of Canada
The Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit...
investiture in December 1974, his wife assisted him on many occasions, even reading parts of the Speech from the Throne
Speech from the Throne
A speech from the throne is an event in certain monarchies in which the reigning sovereign reads a prepared speech to a complete session of parliament, outlining the government's agenda for the coming session...
in 1976 and 1978. Still, the Légers travelled across the country, encouraging Canadian unity at a time fraught with Quebec sovereignty disputes
Quebec sovereignty movement
The Quebec sovereignty movement refers to both the political movement and the ideology of values, concepts and ideas that promote the secession of the province of Quebec from the rest of Canada...
and perceived alienation by other regions, as well promoting the fine arts and artistic endeavours, aided at such by their friendships with painters such as Jean Paul Lemieux
Jean Paul Lemieux
Jean Paul Lemieux, was one of the foremost painters of twentieth century Quebec. He was born in Quebec City, where he also died . He was raised in Quebec City until 1916, when his family moved to Berkeley, California...
, Alfred Pellan
Alfred Pellan
For the federal district in Laval, Quebec, see Alfred-Pellan Alfred Pellan, was an important figure in twentieth-century Quebec painting. He was born in Quebec City in 1906. From the age of fourteen until his graduation in 1926 he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts de Québec...
, and Jean Dallaire. In 1978 Léger established the Jules Léger Prize for New Chamber Music
Jules Léger Prize for New Chamber Music
The Jules Léger Prize for New Chamber Music is a Canadian contemporary classical music award given to composers in recognition of quality new works of chamber music. Granted annually since 1978 , the prize is won through a competition administered by the Canadian Music Centre...
. He also established an award for heritage conservation and the Jules Léger Scholarship to promote academic excellence in bilingual programs at the University of Regina
University of Regina
The University of Regina is a public research university located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Founded in 1911 as a private denominational high school of the Methodist Church of Canada, it began an association with the University of Saskatchewan as a junior college in 1925, and was disaffiliated...
.
Léger was credited with greatly modernising the Office of the Governor General, having, among other things, eschewed the traditional court dress
Court uniform and dress
- Court dress :On formal royal occasions in monarchies the dress worn by those present is prescribed by official regulations.Court dress is worn by all men not entitled to court uniform or military uniform on all occasions of state where such are customarily worn...
of the Windsor uniform in favour of morning dress
Morning dress
Morning dress is the daytime formal dress code, consisting chiefly for men of a morning coat, waistcoat, and striped trousers, and an appropriate dress for women...
at state functions, though he was also negatively criticised for the same, as well as for asking that decorations, particularly those from the Second World War
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, not be worn at certain state events. He was further critiqued for remaining in such an important office despite his incapacitation. Still, he remained focused on the person and institution he represented, and was known to write to the Queen on a monthly basis. His official portrait was a first for including the viceregal consort
Viceregal consort of Canada
The viceregal consort of Canada is the spouse of the serving governor general of Canada, assisting the viceroy with ceremonial and charitable work, accompanying him or her to official state occasions, and occasionally undertaking philanthropic work of their own...
, done to recognise Gabrielle's contributions to her husband's service.
Post viceregal life
After leaving Rideau Hall, the Légers continued to live in Ottawa. Léger died on November 22, 1980, and was survived by his wife and daughter.Titles
- April 4, 1913 October 14, 1953: Mister Jules Léger
- October 14, 1953 8 July 1954: His Excellency Jules Léger, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Mexico for Her Majesty's Government in Canada
- 8 July 1954 28 May, 1962: Mister Jules Léger
- 28 May, 1962 February 20, 1964: His Excellency Jules Léger, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Italy for Her Majesty's Government in Canada
- February 20, 1964 April 17, 1964: His Excellency Jules Léger, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Italy and France for Her Majesty's Government in Canada
- April 17, 1964 October 31, 1968: His Excellency Jules Léger, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to France for Her Majesty's Government in Canada
- October 31, 1968 March 1, 1973: Mister Jules Léger
- March 1, 1973 January 8, 1974: His Excellency Jules Léger, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Belgium and Luxembourg for Her Majesty's Government in Canada
- January 8, 1974 January 14, 1974: Mister Jules Léger
- January 14, 1974 January 22, 1979: His Excellency the Right Honourable Jules Léger, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada
- January 22, 1979 November 22, 1980: The Right Honourable Jules Léger
Léger's style and title as governor general was, in full, and in English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
: His Excellency the Right Honourable Jules Léger, Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada, Chancellor and Commander of the Order of Military Merit, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada, and in French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
: Son Excellence le très honorable Jules Léger, chancelièr et compagnon principal de l'ordre du Canada, chancelièr et commandant de l'ordre du mérite militaire, gouverneur générale et commandant en chef du Canada.
In his post-viceregal life, Léger's style and title is, in English: The Right Honourable Jules Léger, Companion of the Order of Canada, Commander of the Order of Military Merit, and in French: le très honorable Jules Léger, compagnon de l'ordre du Canada, commandant de l'ordre du mérite militaire.
Léger's post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles or designatory letters, are letters placed after the name of a person to indicate that the individual holds a position, educational degree, accreditation, office, or honour. An individual may use several different sets of...
are, in order according to the Oxford University Calendar Notes on Style: PC, CC, OMM, CD, LLB Mont, LLD Paris, LLD(hc) Ott
Honours
| Ribbon bars of Jules Léger | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Appointments June 19, 1973 January 14, 1974: Companion of the Order of Canada
Order of Canada
The Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit...
(CC)
-
- January 14, 1974 January 22, 1979: Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of CanadaOrder of CanadaThe Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit...
(CC) - January 22, 1979 November 22, 1980: Companion of the Order of Canada (CC) January 14, 1974 January 22, 1979: Chancellor and Commander of the Order of Military MeritOrder of Military Merit (Canada)The Order of Military Merit is a military honour for merit that is, within the Canadian system of honours, the second highest order administered by the Governor General-in-Council, on behalf of the Queen of Canada...
(CMM) - January 22, 1979 November 22, 1980: Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM) January 14, 1974 January 22, 1979: Knight of Justice, Prior, and Chief Officer in Canada of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of JerusalemVenerable Order of Saint JohnThe Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem , is a royal order of chivalry established in 1831 and found today throughout the Commonwealth of Nations, Hong Kong, Ireland and the United States of America, with the world-wide mission "to prevent and relieve sickness and...
(KStJ) - January 22, 1979 November 22, 1980: Knight of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (KStJ) January 14, 1974 January 22, 1979: Chief Scout of Canada 1974 November 22, 1980: Honorary Member of the Royal Military College of Canada ClubRoyal Military College of CanadaThe Royal Military College of Canada, RMC, or RMCC , is the military academy of the Canadian Forces, and is a degree-granting university. RMC was established in 1876. RMC is the only federal institution in Canada with degree granting powers...
June 1, 1979 November 22, 1980: Member of the Queen's Privy Council for CanadaQueen's Privy Council for CanadaThe Queen's Privy Council for Canada ), sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council, is the full group of personal consultants to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs, though responsible government requires the sovereign or her viceroy,...
(PC)
- January 14, 1974 January 22, 1979: Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada
Medals January 14, 1974: Canadian Forces Decoration
Canadian Forces Decoration
The Canadian Forces Decoration is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to the Governor General of Canada upon his or her appointment as viceroy, which includes the...
(CD) 1977: Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal
The Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal was a commemorative medal created in 1977 to mark the 25th anniversary of the accession to the throne of Queen Elizabeth II...
Honorary military appointments
January 14, 1974 January 22, 1979: Colonel of the Regiment of the Governor General's Horse GuardsThe Governor General's Horse Guards
The Governor General's Horse Guards is an armoured reconnaissance regiment in the Primary Reserve of the Canadian Army, part of Land Force Central Area's 32 Canadian Brigade Group. Based in Toronto, it is the most senior reserve regiment in Canada, and the only Household Cavalry regiment of...
January 14, 1974 January 22, 1979: Colonel of the Regiment of the Governor General's Foot Guards
Governor General's Foot Guards
The Governor General's Foot Guards is one of three Household regiments in the Primary Reserve of the Canadian Army, along with The Governor General's Horse Guards and the Canadian Grenadier Guards. The GGFG is the most senior militia infantry regiment in Canada."Civitas et Princeps Cura Nostra" is...
January 14, 1974 January 22, 1979: Colonel of the Regiment of the Canadian Grenadier Guards
The Canadian Grenadier Guards
The Canadian Grenadier Guards is the second most senior and oldest infantry regiment in the Reserve Force of the Canadian Forces. Located in Montreal, its primary role is the provision of combat-ready troops in support of Canadian regular infantry...
Honorary degrees
: University of OttawaUniversity of Ottawa
The University of Ottawa is a bilingual, research-intensive, non-denominational, international university in Ottawa, Ontario. It is one of the oldest universities in Canada. It was originally established as the College of Bytown in 1848 by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate...
, Doctor of Laws (LLD)
Honorific eponyms
Awards: Jules and Gabrielle Léger Fellowship: Jules Léger Scholarship, University of ReginaUniversity of Regina
The University of Regina is a public research university located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Founded in 1911 as a private denominational high school of the Methodist Church of Canada, it began an association with the University of Saskatchewan as a junior college in 1925, and was disaffiliated...
, Regina
Regina, Saskatchewan
Regina is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The city is the second-largest in the province and a cultural and commercial centre for southern Saskatchewan. It is governed by Regina City Council. Regina is the cathedral city of the Roman Catholic and Romanian Orthodox...