José Cos y Macho
Encyclopedia
José María Justo Cos y Macho (August 6, 1838 – December 17, 1919) was a Spanish
Cardinal
of the Roman Catholic Church
who served as Archbishop of Valladolid
from 1901 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate
in 1911.
, Cantabria
, and baptized
in the parish
of Santa Eulalia three days later, on August 9, 1838. He studied at the Jesuit
School in Segura
, Seminary
of Monte Corbán in Santander
, and the University of Salamanca
, where he obtained his doctorate in theology
. Cos was ordained
to the priesthood
in September 1862, and finished his studies in 1864. He taught at the Conciliar Seminary of Santander from 1862 to 1865, and became a canon
magister of the Cathedral of Oviedo
in 1865. He was named secretary
to Bishop Sebastián Espinosa de los Monteros in 1882, and archdeacon
of the cathedral
chapter
of Córdoba
in 1884, which he later exchanged for the post of canon maestreescuela of the cathedral chapter of Oviedo
.
On June 10, 1886, Cos was appointed Bishop of Mondoñedo by Pope Leo XIII
. He received his episcopal consecration
on the following September 12 from Archbishop Victoriano Guisasola y Rodríguez, with Bishops Ramón Martínez Vigil
, OP
, and José Mazarrasa y Rivas serving as co-consecrators
, in the Cathedral of Oviedo. Cos was promoted to Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba
on February 14, 1889, and served as a senator
of the Spanish Kingdom
from 1891 until his death. He was later named Bishop of Madrid-Alcalá
(with the personal title of "Archbishop") on June 11, 1892, and Archbishop of Valladolid
on April 18, 1901.
Pope Pius X
created him Cardinal Priest
of Santa Maria del Popolo
in the consistory
of November 27, 1911. Cos was one of the cardinal electors
who participated in the 1914 papal conclave
, which selected Pope Benedict XV
. Between the death of Joaquín Beltrán y Asensio on November 3, 1917 and the appointment of Enrique Pla y Deniel
on December 4, 1918, he served as Apostolic Administrator
of Ávila.
Cardinal Cos died from bronchopneumonia
in Valladolid
, at the age of 81. He is buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Valladolid
.
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
Cardinal
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
of the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
who served as Archbishop of Valladolid
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valladolid
The Archdiocese of Valladolid is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Spain. It was erected as the Diocese of Valladolid by Pope Clement VIII on September 25, 1595, and was elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Pius IX on July 4, 1857, with the...
from 1901 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
in 1911.
Biography
José Cos was born in Terán, CabuérnigaCabuérniga
Cabuérniga is a municipality located in the autonomous community of Cantabria, Spain. According to the 2007 census, the city has a population of 1.109 inhabitants. Its capital is Valle.-External links:* - Cantabria 102 Municipios...
, Cantabria
Cantabria
Cantabria is a Spanish historical region and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city. It is bordered on the east by the Basque Autonomous Community , on the south by Castile and León , on the west by the Principality of Asturias, and on the north by the Cantabrian Sea.Cantabria...
, and baptized
Baptism
In Christianity, baptism is for the majority the rite of admission , almost invariably with the use of water, into the Christian Church generally and also membership of a particular church tradition...
in the parish
Parish (Catholic Church)
In the Roman Catholic Church, a parish is the lowest ecclesiastical geographical subdivision: from ecclesiastical province to diocese to deanery to parish.-Requirements:A parish needs two things under common law to become a parish...
of Santa Eulalia three days later, on August 9, 1838. He studied at the Jesuit
Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus is a Catholic male religious order that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits, and are also known colloquially as "God's Army" and as "The Company," these being references to founder Ignatius of Loyola's military background and a...
School in Segura
Segura (Guipúzcoa)
Segura is a small town and municipality in the Goierri region of the province of Gipuzkoa in the autonomous community of the Basque Country in northern Spain.-External links:* *...
, Seminary
Seminary
A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is an institution of secondary or post-secondary education for educating students in theology, generally to prepare them for ordination as clergy or for other ministry...
of Monte Corbán in Santander
Santander, Cantabria
The port city of Santander is the capital of the autonomous community and historical region of Cantabria situated on the north coast of Spain. Located east of Gijón and west of Bilbao, the city has a population of 183,446 .-History:...
, and the University of Salamanca
University of Salamanca
The University of Salamanca is a Spanish higher education institution, located in the town of Salamanca, west of Madrid. It was founded in 1134 and given the Royal charter of foundation by King Alfonso IX in 1218. It is the oldest founded university in Spain and the third oldest European...
, where he obtained his doctorate in theology
Doctor of Theology
Doctor of Theology is a terminal academic degree in theology. It is a research degree that is considered by the U.S. National Science Foundation to be the equivalent of a Doctor of Philosophy....
. Cos was ordained
Holy Orders
The term Holy Orders is used by many Christian churches to refer to ordination or to those individuals ordained for a special role or ministry....
to the priesthood
Priesthood (Catholic Church)
The ministerial orders of the Catholic Church include the orders of bishops, deacons and presbyters, which in Latin is sacerdos. The ordained priesthood and common priesthood are different in function and essence....
in September 1862, and finished his studies in 1864. He taught at the Conciliar Seminary of Santander from 1862 to 1865, and became a canon
Canon (priest)
A canon is a priest or minister who is a member of certain bodies of the Christian clergy subject to an ecclesiastical rule ....
magister of the Cathedral of Oviedo
Cathedral of San Salvador (Oviedo)
The Metropolitan Cathedral Basilica of the Holy Saviour is a Roman Catholic cathedral and minor basilica in the centre of Oviedo, in the Asturias region of northern Spain....
in 1865. He was named secretary
Personal assistant
A personal assistant or personal aide is someone who assists in daily business or personal tasks. It is common in design to have a PDA, or personal design assistant....
to Bishop Sebastián Espinosa de los Monteros in 1882, and archdeacon
Archdeacon
An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in Anglicanism, Syrian Malabar Nasrani, Chaldean Catholic, and some other Christian denominations, above that of most clergy and below a bishop. In the High Middle Ages it was the most senior diocesan position below a bishop in the Roman Catholic Church...
of the cathedral
Cathedral
A cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop...
chapter
Chapter (religion)
Chapter designates certain corporate ecclesiastical bodies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Nordic Lutheran churches....
of Córdoba
Córdoba, Spain
-History:The first trace of human presence in the area are remains of a Neanderthal Man, dating to c. 32,000 BC. In the 8th century BC, during the ancient Tartessos period, a pre-urban settlement existed. The population gradually learned copper and silver metallurgy...
in 1884, which he later exchanged for the post of canon maestreescuela of the cathedral chapter of Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain. It is also the name of the municipality that contains the city....
.
On June 10, 1886, Cos was appointed Bishop of Mondoñedo by Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII , born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci to an Italian comital family, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903...
. He received his episcopal consecration
Bishop (Catholic Church)
In the Catholic Church, a bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the sacrament of Holy Orders and is responsible for teaching the Catholic faith and ruling the Church....
on the following September 12 from Archbishop Victoriano Guisasola y Rodríguez, with Bishops Ramón Martínez Vigil
Ramón Martínez Vigil
Ramón Martínez Vigil was a Spanish priest, bishop of Oviedo....
, OP
Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III on 22 December 1216 in France...
, and José Mazarrasa y Rivas serving as co-consecrators
Consecrator
Consecrator is a term used in the Roman Catholic Church to designate a bishop who ordains a priest to the episcopal state. The term is often used in Eastern Rite Churches and in Anglican communities. The term "Principal Consecrator" is used to designate the primary bishop who ordains a new bishop...
, in the Cathedral of Oviedo. Cos was promoted to Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Cuba
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Cuba is a Metropolitan Archdiocese, responsible for the dioceses of Guantánamo-Baracoa, Holguín and Santisimo Salvador de Bayamo y Manzanillo....
on February 14, 1889, and served as a senator
Spanish Senate
The Senate of Spain is the upper house of Spain's parliament, the . It is made up of 264 members: 208 elected by popular vote, and 56 appointed by the regional legislatures. All senators serve four-year terms, though regional legislatures may recall their appointees at any time.The last election...
of the Spanish Kingdom
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
from 1891 until his death. He was later named Bishop of Madrid-Alcalá
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid was founded on 7 March 1885 by Pope Leo XIII. Initially, the territory that now makes up the Archdiocese was part of the Archdiocese of Toledo. It was raised to the level of an Archdiocese on 25 March 1964 by Pope Paul VI. Pope John Paul II gave the...
(with the personal title of "Archbishop") on June 11, 1892, and Archbishop of Valladolid
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valladolid
The Archdiocese of Valladolid is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Spain. It was erected as the Diocese of Valladolid by Pope Clement VIII on September 25, 1595, and was elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Pius IX on July 4, 1857, with the...
on April 18, 1901.
Pope Pius X
Pope Pius X
Pope Saint Pius X , born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was the 257th Pope of the Catholic Church, serving from 1903 to 1914. He was the first pope since Pope Pius V to be canonized. Pius X rejected modernist interpretations of Catholic doctrine, promoting traditional devotional practices and orthodox...
created him Cardinal Priest
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
of Santa Maria del Popolo
Santa Maria del Popolo
Santa Maria del Popolo is an Augustinian church located in Rome, Italy.It stands to the north side of the Piazza del Popolo, one of the most famous squares in the city. The Piazza is situated between the ancient Porta Flaminia and the park of the Pincio...
in the consistory
Consistory
-Antiquity:Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together', just as the Greek synedrion ....
of November 27, 1911. Cos was one of the cardinal electors
Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 1914
The following were the cardinal electors in the 1914 papal conclave. Arranged by region , and within each alphabetically...
who participated in the 1914 papal conclave
Papal conclave, 1914
The Papal conclave of 1914 was held to choose a successor to Pope Pius X, who had died in the Vatican on 20 August 1914.-Political context:With Europe facing World War I, whoever was selected would face the difficulty of leading the Holy See through the war to end all wars, in which Catholic...
, which selected Pope Benedict XV
Pope Benedict XV
Pope Benedict XV , born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, reigned as Pope from 3 September 1914 to 22 January 1922...
. Between the death of Joaquín Beltrán y Asensio on November 3, 1917 and the appointment of Enrique Pla y Deniel
Enrique Pla y Deniel
Enrique Pla y Deniel was a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He came from a rich Barcelona family and trained at the local seminary and the Gregorian University in Rome before an early career in journalism and seminary teaching. He took possession of the Salamancan see in 1935...
on December 4, 1918, he served as Apostolic Administrator
Apostolic Administrator
An apostolic administrator in the Roman Catholic Church is a prelate appointed by the Pope to serve as the ordinary for an apostolic administration...
of Ávila.
Cardinal Cos died from bronchopneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Bronchopneumonia or bronchial pneumonia or "Bronchogenic pneumonia" is the acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles...
in Valladolid
Valladolid
Valladolid is a historic city and municipality in north-central Spain, situated at the confluence of the Pisuerga and Esgueva rivers, and located within three wine-making regions: Ribera del Duero, Rueda and Cigales...
, at the age of 81. He is buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Valladolid
Cathedral of Valladolid
The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Holy Assumption , better known as Valladolid Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Valladolid, Spain...
.