James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick
Encyclopedia
James Francis Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, (Saint-Germain-en-Laye
, France
, 21 October 1696 – Naples
, Italy
, 2 June 1738) was a Jacobite and Spanish nobleman. He inherited titles in the Jacobite and Spanish nobility on the death of his father in battle in 1734 at Philippsburg
, (near Karlsruhe
, presently located in the German "Bundesland" of Baden-Württemberg
), during the War of the Polish Succession
. He was also Consort Duke of Veragua and of la Vega and a Consort-Marquis of four further titles by his Spanish marriage in 1716. His full title was 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Earl of Tinmouth, 2nd Baron Bosworth, 2nd Duke of Liria and Xerica, Grandee of Spain 1st class (from 1716), Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
(from 29 September 1714), as well as the holder of several earldoms.
, (d. 1687), the seventh Earl of Clanricarde
(Honora was a common female name in the Burke and Walshingam families). Her first marriage had been to the 2nd Earl of Lucan
, the son of the Irish Jacobite nobleman Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan
, (c 1650 - 1693). After having one child with Sarsfield, he died and Honora re-married to James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
on 26 March 1695 in the Royal Chapel at Saint-Germain-en-Laye
, France
.
Unfortunately, she died at Pezenas
, in the Languedoc
, South of France, on the 16 January 1698 when her new baby was less than 18 months old. The 1st Duke of Berwick was an illegitimate son of King James II of England
by Arabella Churchill
, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough
. His father later re-married and so the 2nd Duke of Berwick had 12 younger step brothers and stepsisters, the eldest stepbrother being the origin of the line of French Dukes of Fitzjames (a title extinguished in 1967).
y de la Cueva, (25 December 1651 - 9 September 1710). She was thus the sister of Pedro Nuño Colón de Portugal y Ayala-Toledo, (17 October 1676-4 July 1733), 8th Duke of Veragua and Marquis of Jamaica. In 1733 she inherited her brother's title of Duke of Veragua since his two sons and one daughter all predeceased him, all dying by the end of 1714. This made the 2nd Duke of Berwick also duke-consort of Veragua and of la Vega. However, court disputes meant that many of her family titles, including the Dukedom "de la Vega de Santo Domingo", (now known as the Dominican Republic
), passed to the Colón de Larreategui family in 1787.
Their second son was James Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick
(28 December 1718 - 30 September 1785), who in 1726 married Maria Teresa De Silva y Haro, born after 1712. Of their other children, only Pedro de Alcántara, (1720–1790), Ventura or Buenaventura (1724 - ????)) and Maria Guadalupe (1725–1744, married but no issue) survived to adulthood.
. He fought as colonel of the Irish Regiments of Spain and Lieutenant General of the Spanish Royal Armies, being promoted to Field Marshal in February 1724.
He then served as Spanish ambassador to Russia under Emperor Peter II
(December 1726 to 1730), taking with him Richard Wall
(1694–1778), later a minister in the Spanish government. During his time in Russia he was made a Knight of the Russian Order of Saint Andrew (28 March 1728), a Knight of the Russian Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky and a Knight of the Garter (by the pretender James Stuart
on 3 April 1727). From 1730 to 1733 Stuart was ambassador in Vienna, then from 1733 to his death in 1738 ambassador to the "recovered" Kingdom of Naples (taking Wall with him again on both missions).
by his illegitimate son James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
whom he fathered with his mistress Arabella Churchill
.
Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris from the centre.Inhabitants are called Saint-Germanois...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, 21 October 1696 – Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, 2 June 1738) was a Jacobite and Spanish nobleman. He inherited titles in the Jacobite and Spanish nobility on the death of his father in battle in 1734 at Philippsburg
Philippsburg
Philippsburg is a town in Germany, in the district of Karlsruhe in Baden-Württemberg.-History:Before 1632, Philippsburg was known as "Udenheim".The city was a possession of the Bishop of Speyer from 1371–1718...
, (near Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe
The City of Karlsruhe is a city in the southwest of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border.Karlsruhe was founded in 1715 as Karlsruhe Palace, when Germany was a series of principalities and city states...
, presently located in the German "Bundesland" of Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...
), during the War of the Polish Succession
War of the Polish Succession
The War of the Polish Succession was a major European war for princes' possessions sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II, King of Poland that other European powers widened in pursuit of their own national interests...
. He was also Consort Duke of Veragua and of la Vega and a Consort-Marquis of four further titles by his Spanish marriage in 1716. His full title was 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Earl of Tinmouth, 2nd Baron Bosworth, 2nd Duke of Liria and Xerica, Grandee of Spain 1st class (from 1716), Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
Order of the Golden Fleece
The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Infanta Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King John I of Portugal. It evolved as one of the most prestigious orders in Europe...
(from 29 September 1714), as well as the holder of several earldoms.
Family
His mother was Lady Honora Burke (1675–1698), second daughter of the Irishman William BurkeWilliam Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde
William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde, Irish peer, died 1687.Burke had served with his brother under their cousin, the 5th Earl of Clanricarde, during the Irish Confederate Wars and was their heir. he became Lieutenant of County Galway in 1680 and its Chief Governor in 1687.His first wife was...
, (d. 1687), the seventh Earl of Clanricarde
Earl of Clanricarde
Earl of Clanricarde is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of Ireland, first in 1543 and again in 1800. The former creation became extinct in 1916 while the 1800 creation is still extant and held by the Marquess of Sligo since 1916....
(Honora was a common female name in the Burke and Walshingam families). Her first marriage had been to the 2nd Earl of Lucan
Earl of Lucan
Earl of Lucan was a title in the Peerage of Ireland which has been possessed by two related Irish families in creations of 1691 and 1795. The current holder is presumed to be Richard Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan, who vanished in 1974....
, the son of the Irish Jacobite nobleman Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan
Earl of Lucan
Earl of Lucan was a title in the Peerage of Ireland which has been possessed by two related Irish families in creations of 1691 and 1795. The current holder is presumed to be Richard Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan, who vanished in 1974....
, (c 1650 - 1693). After having one child with Sarsfield, he died and Honora re-married to James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, 1st Duke of Fitz-James, 1st Duke of Liria and Jérica was an Anglo-French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough...
on 26 March 1695 in the Royal Chapel at Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris from the centre.Inhabitants are called Saint-Germanois...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
Unfortunately, she died at Pezenas
Pézenas
Pézenas is a commune in the Hérault département in Languedoc-Roussillon, southern France. At the 1999 census, its population was 7443.-Name:...
, in the Languedoc
Languedoc
Languedoc is a former province of France, now continued in the modern-day régions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées in the south of France, and whose capital city was Toulouse, now in Midi-Pyrénées. It had an area of approximately 42,700 km² .-Geographical Extent:The traditional...
, South of France, on the 16 January 1698 when her new baby was less than 18 months old. The 1st Duke of Berwick was an illegitimate son of King James II of England
James II of England
James II & VII was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland...
by Arabella Churchill
Arabella Churchill (royal mistress)
Arabella Churchill was the mistress of King James II, and the mother of four of his children...
, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough
John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, Prince of Mindelheim, KG, PC , was an English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reigns of five monarchs through the late 17th and early 18th centuries...
. His father later re-married and so the 2nd Duke of Berwick had 12 younger step brothers and stepsisters, the eldest stepbrother being the origin of the line of French Dukes of Fitzjames (a title extinguished in 1967).
Marriage and descent
On 31 December 1716, the 2nd Duke of Berwick became the second husband of the dowager Catalina Ventura Colón de Portugal y Ayala-Toledo, 9th Duchess of Veragua (14 July 1690-3 October 1739). Catalina Ventura was by then the orphaned daughter of Pedro Manuel Colon de PortugalPedro Manuel Colón de Portugal
Pedro Manuel Colón de Portugal, 7th Duke of Veragua, , , was a Spanish noble....
y de la Cueva, (25 December 1651 - 9 September 1710). She was thus the sister of Pedro Nuño Colón de Portugal y Ayala-Toledo, (17 October 1676-4 July 1733), 8th Duke of Veragua and Marquis of Jamaica. In 1733 she inherited her brother's title of Duke of Veragua since his two sons and one daughter all predeceased him, all dying by the end of 1714. This made the 2nd Duke of Berwick also duke-consort of Veragua and of la Vega. However, court disputes meant that many of her family titles, including the Dukedom "de la Vega de Santo Domingo", (now known as the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
), passed to the Colón de Larreategui family in 1787.
Their second son was James Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick
James Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick
Don Jacobo Francisco Eduardo Fitz-James Stuart y Colón de Portugal, 3rd Duke of Berwick was a Jacobite. On the death of his father, James Fitz-James Stuart, in 1738, he inherited his titles of Duke of Berwick and Duke of Liria and Xerica...
(28 December 1718 - 30 September 1785), who in 1726 married Maria Teresa De Silva y Haro, born after 1712. Of their other children, only Pedro de Alcántara, (1720–1790), Ventura or Buenaventura (1724 - ????)) and Maria Guadalupe (1725–1744, married but no issue) survived to adulthood.
Career
The Anglo-Franco-Spanish James Fitz-James Stuart was used by Elizabeth of Parma to achieve her military purposes, being involved in the battles on land and sea from 1717 to 1719 to regain Naples from its Austrian rulers and Sicily from the Duchy of Savoy, thus creating the Kingdom of the Two SiciliesKingdom of the Two Sicilies
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, commonly known as the Two Sicilies even before formally coming into being, was the largest and wealthiest of the Italian states before Italian unification...
. He fought as colonel of the Irish Regiments of Spain and Lieutenant General of the Spanish Royal Armies, being promoted to Field Marshal in February 1724.
He then served as Spanish ambassador to Russia under Emperor Peter II
Peter II of Russia
Pyotr II Alekseyevich was Emperor of Russia from 1727 until his death. He was the only son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, son of Peter I of Russia by his first wife Eudoxia Lopukhina, and Princess Charlotte, daughter of Duke Louis Rudolph of Brunswick-Lüneburg and sister-in-law of Charles VI,...
(December 1726 to 1730), taking with him Richard Wall
Richard Wall
Richard Wall was an Irish-born soldier, diplomat and minister who rose in the Spanish service to become Chief Minister. He is commonly referred to as Ricardo Wall.-Early life:...
(1694–1778), later a minister in the Spanish government. During his time in Russia he was made a Knight of the Russian Order of Saint Andrew (28 March 1728), a Knight of the Russian Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky and a Knight of the Garter (by the pretender James Stuart
James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales was the son of the deposed James II of England...
on 3 April 1727). From 1730 to 1733 Stuart was ambassador in Vienna, then from 1733 to his death in 1738 ambassador to the "recovered" Kingdom of Naples (taking Wall with him again on both missions).
Ancestry
James Fitz-James Stuart was a grandson of King James II of EnglandJames II of England
James II & VII was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland...
by his illegitimate son James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, 1st Duke of Fitz-James, 1st Duke of Liria and Jérica was an Anglo-French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough...
whom he fathered with his mistress Arabella Churchill
Arabella Churchill (royal mistress)
Arabella Churchill was the mistress of King James II, and the mother of four of his children...
.