Identifying marks on euro coins
Encyclopedia
Before the introduction of the euro, the current eurozone
members issued their own individual national coinage, most of which featured mint mark
s, privy marks and/or mint master marks. These marks have been continued as a part of the national designs of the euro coins, as well. This article serves to list the information about the various types of identifying marks on euro coins, including engraver and designer initials and the unique edge inscriptions found on the €2 coins.
Luxembourg has no domestic mint, so their coins are minted elsewhere. Regardless of the mintage location of these coins, the issue date stipulation in their coinage act must be followed by whichever country mints their coins and the date stamp is therefore applied accordingly.
Since Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City do not have their own coinage acts, the date stamp is applied in accordance with the coinage act of whichever country mints these coins. France produces the euro coins for Monaco and follows the mintage date stipulation; it began minting Monégasque Euro coins only in 2001, since the mintage quantities were so low. Sammarinese and Vatican euro coins are minted in Italy and follow the issue date stipulation.
, the national designs of each member's euro coin should contain a national identification in the form of spelling or abbreviation of the country's name. Of the fifteen members of the Eurozone at the time these recommendations were made, five national designs — those of Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany and Greece — did not meet the criteria outlined. Of these five, two (Finland in 2007 and Belgium in 2008) have changed or amended their design to follow these recommendations, and the other three are expected to follow suit in the coming years.
and on all Belgian euro coins with a datestamp from 2008 onwards minted at this location.
Coins dated 2003–2004 bear the mint master mark of Maarten Brouwer, director of the Utrecht mint from 2003–present.
Luxembourgian euro coins dated 2005–2006 were produced at Rahapaja Oy, in Helsinki-Vantaa, Finland. Since the mint director does not affix a mint master mark to coins in production at this location, these coins do not bear a mint master mark.
Luxembourgian euro coins dated 2007-2008 were produced at Monnaie de Paris, in Pessac, France and bear the mint master mark of Hubert Larivière, director of the Paris mint.
As of 2009, coins are again minted at the Royal Dutch Mint in Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Luxembourg is the only member of the Eurozone
to have all of their coins produced at three different foreign mints.
.
does not change from the standard issue counterpart. There are a few exceptions.
Eurozone
The eurozone , officially called the euro area, is an economic and monetary union of seventeen European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their common currency and sole legal tender...
members issued their own individual national coinage, most of which featured mint mark
Mint mark
A mint mark is an inscription on a coin indicating the mint where the coin was produced.-History:Mint marks were first developed to locate a problem. If a coin was underweight, or overweight, the mint mark would immediately tell where the coin was minted, and the problem could be located and fixed...
s, privy marks and/or mint master marks. These marks have been continued as a part of the national designs of the euro coins, as well. This article serves to list the information about the various types of identifying marks on euro coins, including engraver and designer initials and the unique edge inscriptions found on the €2 coins.
Date stamps on euro coins
Since the euro was officially introduced in 1999, most of the EMU member countries began producing their coins ahead of the 2002 introduction date. There is individual national legislation in place which governs the mintage of coins issued from each country. These coinage acts regulate the coin production parameters for each country.Mintage date
The coinage acts of countries with a mintage date stipulation specifies that the year the coin is minted, regardless of when the coins are issued, should appear on each coin. Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands and Spain have mintage date stipulations.Issue date
The coinage acts of countries with an issue date stipulation specifies that the year the coin is issued, regardless of when the coins are minted, should appear on each coin. Austria, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, San Marino and the Vatican City have issue date stipulations.Conclusion
Since the euro was first issued in 2002, the countries which have an issue date stipulation are all dated 2002 onward, even though these coins were minted in previous years to prepare for the adoption of the euro. As a result, there are no euro coins dated 1999, 2000 and 2001 issued from countries with an issue date stipulation.Luxembourg has no domestic mint, so their coins are minted elsewhere. Regardless of the mintage location of these coins, the issue date stipulation in their coinage act must be followed by whichever country mints their coins and the date stamp is therefore applied accordingly.
Since Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City do not have their own coinage acts, the date stamp is applied in accordance with the coinage act of whichever country mints these coins. France produces the euro coins for Monaco and follows the mintage date stipulation; it began minting Monégasque Euro coins only in 2001, since the mintage quantities were so low. Sammarinese and Vatican euro coins are minted in Italy and follow the issue date stipulation.
National identifying marks of euro coins
As per a recommendation defined by the Economic and Financial Affairs Council of the European UnionEconomic and Financial Affairs Council
The Economic and Financial Affairs Council is one of the oldest configurations of the Council of the European Union and is composed of the Economics and Finance Ministers of the 27 European Union member states, as well as Budget Ministers when budgetary issues are discussed.ECOFIN often works with...
, the national designs of each member's euro coin should contain a national identification in the form of spelling or abbreviation of the country's name. Of the fifteen members of the Eurozone at the time these recommendations were made, five national designs — those of Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany and Greece — did not meet the criteria outlined. Of these five, two (Finland in 2007 and Belgium in 2008) have changed or amended their design to follow these recommendations, and the other three are expected to follow suit in the coming years.
| Country | Type | Description | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria Austrian euro coins Austrian euro coins have a unique design for each denomination, with a common theme for each of the three series of coins. The minor coins feature Austrian flowers, the middle coins examples of architecture from Austria's capital, Vienna, and the two major coins famous Austrians... |
Symbol | Flag of Austria Flag of Austria The flag of Austria has three equal horizontal bands of red , white, and red.The Austrian triband is the second-oldest flag in use at least since 1230, after the Danish flag .- Origins :... |
 |
| Belgium Belgian euro coins Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins: the portrait or effigy of King Albert II of the Belgians and his royal monogram... |
Symbol | Monogram of King Albert II |  |
| Abbreviation | BE (Belgium) | ||
| Cyprus Cypriot euro coins Cypriot euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins. Cyprus has been a member of the European Union since 1 May 2004, and is a member of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union... |
Text | KYΠPOΣ/KIBRIS (in both Greek Greek language Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;... and Turkish Turkish language Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,... ) |
|
| Estonia Estonian euro coins Estonian euro coins feature a single design for all eight coins. This is a design by Lembit Lõhmus and features a silhouette map of Estonia together with the word Eesti and twelve stars, symbolic of the European Union, surrounding the map... |
Text | EESTI (Estonia) | |
| Finland Finnish euro coins Finnish euro coins feature three separate designs. Heikki Häiväoja provided the design for the 1 cent – 50 cent coins, Pertti Mäkinen provided the design for the 1 euro coin, and Raimo Heino provided the design for the 2 euro coin, which shows cloudberry, the golden berry of northern Finland... |
Abbreviation | FI (Finland) | |
| France French euro coins French euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins. The minor series was designed by Fabienne Courtiade, the middle one by Laurent Jorio and the major two coins are by Joaquin Jimenez... |
Abbreviation | stylized RF (République française) | |
| Germany German euro coins German euro coins have three separate designs for the three series of coins. The 1, 2 and 5 cent coins were designed by Rolf Lederbogen, the design for the 10, 20 and 50 cent coins is by Reinhard Heinsdorff and the 1 and 2 euro coins were done by Heinz Hoyer and Sneschana Russewa-Hoyer... |
none | eagle | |
| Greece Greek euro coins Greek euro coins feature a unique design for each of the eight coins. They were all designed by Georgios Stamatopoulos with the minor coins depicting Greek ships, the middle ones portraying famous Greeks and the two large denominations showing images of Greek history and mythology. All designs... |
none | ||
| Ireland Irish euro coins Irish euro coins all share the same design by Jarlath Hayes, that of the harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian Boru harp, housed in Trinity College, Dublin. The same harp is used as the official seals of the Taoiseach, and government ministers and... |
Text | |
Harp |
| Italy Italian euro coins Italian euro coins have a design unique to each denomination, though there is a common theme of famous Italian works of art from one of Italy's renowned artists... |
Abbreviation | stylized RI (Repubblica Italiana) | |
| Luxembourg Luxembourgish euro coins Luxembourgish euro coins feature three different designs, though they all contain the portrait or effigy of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. The designs, by Yvette Gastauer-Claire, also contain the 12 stars of the EU flag, the year of imprint and the name of the country in the Luxembourgish... |
Text | LËTZEBUERG (Luxembourg written in the national Luxembourgian language) | |
| Malta Maltese euro coins Maltese euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins. Malta has been a member of the European Union since 1 May 2004, and is a member of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union. Malta adopted the euro as its official currency on 1 January 2008, replacing the... |
Text | MALTA | |
| Monaco | Text | MONACO | |
| Netherlands Dutch euro coins Dutch euro coins have two designs by Bruno Ninaber van Eyben, both of which feature a portrait or effigy of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. All coins share the 12 stars of the EU and the year of imprint in their design.... |
Text | BEATRIX KONINGIN DER NEDERLANDEN (Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands) | |
| Portugal Portuguese euro coins Portuguese euro coins show three different designs for each of the three series of coins. However, they are quite similar in that all contain old Portuguese royal mints and seals within a circle of seven castles and five escutcheona with silver bezants and the word "Portugal"... |
Text | PORTUGAL | |
| San Marino | Text | SAN MARINO | |
| Slovakia Slovak euro coins Slovak euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins. Slovakia has been a member of the European Union since May 2004, and is a member of the European Economic and Monetary Union... |
Text | SLOVENSKO | |
| Slovenia Slovenian euro coins Slovenian euro coins were first issued for circulation on 1 January 2007 and a unique feature is designed for each coin. The design of approximately 230 million Slovenian euro coins was unveiled on 7 October 2005. The designers were Miljenko Licul, Maja Licul and Janez Boljka... |
Text | SLOVENIJA | |
| Spain Spanish euro coins Spanish euro coins feature three different designs for each of the three series of coins. The minor series of 1, 2 and 5 cent coins were designed by Garcilaso Rollán, the middle series of 10, 20, and 50 cent coins by Begoña Castellanos and the two major coins feature the portrait or effigy of King... |
Text | ESPAÑA | |
| Vatican City Vatican euro coins Vatican euro coins are issued by the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State and minted by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato , in Rome, Italy... |
Text | CITTÀ DEL VATICANO (Vatican City) |
Mint marks
The use of mint marks on euro coins takes one of these three forms:- a single letter representing a city or country
- the abbreviation of the country's mint
- the symbol of the country's mint
| Country | Mint location | Mint mark | Mint mark description | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Brussels |  |
Head of archangel St. Michael, patron saint of Brussels Brussels Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union... . |
Prior to 2008, Belgian marks had only been used on commemorative issues. Since 2008, the marks are used on both standard issue and commemorative issue coins. |
| Finland | Vantaa |  |
logo of the Rahapaja Oy mint | |
| France | Pessac |  |
Cornucopia, Different of the Monnaie de Paris | |
| Germany | German Euro coins are minted at 5 locations in Germany | |
letters | A for Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... , D for Munich Munich Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat... , F for Stuttgart Stuttgart Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million .... , G for Karlsruhe Karlsruhe The City of Karlsruhe is a city in the southwest of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border.Karlsruhe was founded in 1715 as Karlsruhe Palace, when Germany was a series of principalities and city states... , J for Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... |
| Greece (2002) | Madrid, Spain Pessac, France Vantaa, Finland Athens |
F (1c, 2c, 5c, 10c and 50c), S (€1 and €2) |
letters | E for Spain (España), F for France, S for Finland (Suomi). The initial supply of Greek euro coins were produced at three locations, in addition to the Athens mint, due to their late entry into the European Monetary Union (EMU) just before the introduction date on 1 January 2002; only certain denominations of Greek coins with the date stamp of "2002" have these mint marks. Greek euro coins dated 2002 without these mint marks were produced in Athens, Greece. All Greek euro coins bear the standard Greek mint mark symbol of the Athens mint. |
| Greece (2002–present) | Athens |  |
stylized acanthus Acanthus (ornament) The acanthus is one of the most common plant forms to make foliage ornament and decoration.-Architecture:In architecture, an ornament is carved into stone or wood to resemble leaves from the Mediterranean species of the Acanthus genus of plants, which have deeply cut leaves with some similarity to... leaf |
|
| Italy | Rome | |
letter | |
| Lithuania | Vilnius |  |
Lietuvos monetų kalykla (Lithuanian Mint House, LMK) logo | Lithuania is not yet part of the Eurozone Eurozone The eurozone , officially called the euro area, is an economic and monetary union of seventeen European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their common currency and sole legal tender... . When the Euro is introduced, this is the mintmark which will be used. |
| Luxembourg (2002–2004) | Utrecht, Netherlands |  |
Mercury's wand, the logo of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Luxembourg (2005–2006) | Vantaa, Finland | |
letter, logo of the Rahapaja Oy mint | |
| Luxembourg (2007–2008) | Pessac, France | |
letter, Cornucopia, Different of the Monnaie de Paris | |
| Luxembourg (2009–present) | Utrecht, Netherlands | |
Mercury's wand, the logo of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Malta | Paris, France | |
letter | |
| Monaco | Pessac, France | |
Cornucopia, Different of the Monnaie de Paris (Paris Mint) | |
| Netherlands | Utrecht | |
Mercury's wand, the logo of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Poland Poland Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north... |
Warsaw |  |
Mennica Polska (Polish Mint) logo | Poland is not yet part of the Eurozone Eurozone The eurozone , officially called the euro area, is an economic and monetary union of seventeen European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their common currency and sole legal tender... . When the Euro is introduced, this is the mintmark which will be used. The Polish Mint logo is the letter M on top of the letter W and comes from Mennica Warszawa or Warsaw Mint |
| Portugal | Lisbon | |
Imprensa Nacional – Casa de Moeda (National Currency – Mint House) abbreviation | |
| San Marino | Rome, Italy | |
letter | |
| Slovakia | Kremnica |  |
Mincovňa Kremnica (Kremnican Mint, MK) logo | |
| Slovenia (2007) | Vantaa, Finland | |
abbreviation | |
| Slovenia (2008–present) | Utrecht, Netherlands | |
Mercury's wand, the logo of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Spain | Madrid |  |
Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre (National Factory of Currency and Stamps) logo | |
| Vatican | Rome, Italy | |
letter |
Mint master marks and privy marks
Mint master marks or privy marks are symbols representing directors, chief engravers or chief executive officers of mints.Belgium
The directors of the Monnaie Royale de Belgique/Koninklijke Munt van België (Royal Belgian Mint) in Brussels uses mint master's marks on all €2 commemorative coins€2 commemorative coins
€2 commemorative coins are special euro coins minted and issued by member states of the eurozone since 2004 as legal tender in all eurozone member states. The coins typically commemorate the anniversaries of historical events or draw attention to current events of special importance...
and on all Belgian euro coins with a datestamp from 2008 onwards minted at this location.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
scale | Romain Coenen | 1999–present (€2 commemorative coins €2 commemorative coins €2 commemorative coins are special euro coins minted and issued by member states of the eurozone since 2004 as legal tender in all eurozone member states. The coins typically commemorate the anniversaries of historical events or draw attention to current events of special importance... ) 2008–present (standard issue euro coins) |
Finland
The director of the Rahapaja Oy (Mint of Finland, LTD.) mint in Helsinki-Vantaa used a mint master's mark on Finnish euro coins minted at this location with the date stamp between 1999 and 2006.| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| |
letter | Raimo Makkonen | 1999–2006 |
France
The directors of Monnaie de Paris in Pessac use mint master's marks on all French euro coins minted at this location.| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
bee | Pierre Rodier | 1999–2000 |
 |
horseshoe | Gérard Buquoy | 2001–2002 |
 |
stylized heart with the initials of the mint master | Serge Levet | 2003 |
 |
hunting horn, a wave and a fish | Hubert Larivière | 2004–present |
Luxembourg
Luxembourgian euro coins dated 2002 were minted in the Netherlands in 2000 and thus bear the mint master mark of E. J. van Schauwenburg, temporary director of the Utrecht mint during the year of coin production. The coinage act of Luxembourg stipulates that national coins can not have a date stamp prior to the year of issue. Therefore, Luxembourgian euro coins bear the mint master mark of the temporary director at the time of minting, despite the date on the coins.Coins dated 2003–2004 bear the mint master mark of Maarten Brouwer, director of the Utrecht mint from 2003–present.
Luxembourgian euro coins dated 2005–2006 were produced at Rahapaja Oy, in Helsinki-Vantaa, Finland. Since the mint director does not affix a mint master mark to coins in production at this location, these coins do not bear a mint master mark.
Luxembourgian euro coins dated 2007-2008 were produced at Monnaie de Paris, in Pessac, France and bear the mint master mark of Hubert Larivière, director of the Paris mint.
As of 2009, coins are again minted at the Royal Dutch Mint in Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Luxembourg is the only member of the Eurozone
Eurozone
The eurozone , officially called the euro area, is an economic and monetary union of seventeen European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their common currency and sole legal tender...
to have all of their coins produced at three different foreign mints.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
bow and arrow with a star | E. J. van Schauwenburg | 2002 |
 |
sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2003–2004 |
| |
hunting horn, a wave and a fish | Hubert Larivière | 2007–2008 |
| |
sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2009–present |
Monaco
Monegasque euro coins are produced by Monnaie de Paris, in Pessac, France beginning in 2001 and thus bear the mint master mark of Gérard Buquoy, Serge Levet and Hubert Larivière, directors of the mint from 2001–2002, 2003 and 2004–present, respectively.| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| |
horseshoe | Gérard Buquoy | 2001–2002 |
| |
stylized heart with the initials of the mint master | Serge Levet | 2003 |
| |
hunting horn, a wave and a fish | Hubert Larivière | 2004–present |
Netherlands
The mint masters of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) in Utrecht use mint master's marks on all Dutch euro coins minted at this location.| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
bow and arrow | Drs. Chr. van Draanen | 1999 |
| |
bow and arrow with a star | E. J. van Schauwenburg | 2000 |
 |
vine branch and fruits | R. Bruens | 2001 |
 |
vine branch and fruits with a star | Maarten Brouwer | 2002 |
| |
sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2003–present |
Slovenia
Slovenian euro coins dated 2008–present were produced at Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and bear the mint master mark of Maarten Brouwer, director of the Royal Dutch Mint from 2003 onwards.| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| |
sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2008–present |
Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on euro coins
Each country had the opportunity to design their own national side of the euro coin. Most coins bear the initials or the name of the designer somewhere in the national design. For example, all eight motives of the common reverse sides of the euro coins bear the stylized initials "LL" for Luc LuycxLuc Luycx
Luc Luycx is the designer of the common side of the euro coins.Luycx is a computer engineer living in Dendermonde, Belgium and has worked for the Royal Belgian Mint for 15 years. He designed the euro coins in 1996.His signature on all euro coins is visible as two L letters connected together...
.
Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on standard euro coins
| Euro coin denomination | Inscription image | Inscription text | Name | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | ||||
| 1, 2, 5 cent |  |
F. COURTIADE | Fabienne Courtiade | designer |
| 10, 20, 50 cent |  |
L. JORIO d'ap. O.ROTY | Laurent Jorio, Oscar Roty Louis-Oscar Roty Louis-Oscar Roty usually known as Oscar Roty was one of the most celebrated medallists of the Art Nouveau period.-Biography:... |
designer |
| 1, 2 euro |  |
J. JIMENEZ | Joaquim Jimenez | designer |
| Greece | ||||
| All denominations |  |
ΓΣ (stylised) | Georges Stamatopoulos | designer |
| Italy | ||||
| 1 cent |  |
ED (stylised) | Eugenio Driutti | engraver |
| 2 cent |  |
LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 5 cent |  |
ELF | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 10 cent |  |
CM | Claudia Momoni | engraver |
| 20 cent |  |
M.A.C. | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 50 cent |  |
M (stylised) | Roberto Mauri | engraver |
| 1 euro |  |
LC (stylised) | Laura Cretara | engraver |
| 2 euro |  |
M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| Luxembourg | ||||
| All denominations |  |
YGC (stylised) | Yvette Gastauer-Claire | designer |
| Malta | ||||
| 1, 2 and 5 cent |  |
NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer |
| Portugal | ||||
| All denominations |  |
VS (stylised) | Vítor Manuel Fernandes dos Santos | designer |
| San Marino | ||||
| All denominations |  |
Ch (stylised) | Frantisek Chochola | sculptor |
| All denominations |  |
ELF INC. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| Slovakia | ||||
| 1, 2, 5 cent |  |
Z | Drahomír Zobek | designer |
| 10, 20, 50 cent |  |
JČ (stylised) and 'PK' (stylised) | Ján Černaj and Pavol Károly | designers |
| 1, 2 euro |  |
IŘ (stylised) | Ivan Řehák | designer |
| Vatican City (first series) | ||||
| 1, 2 and 5 cent |  |
GV • UP INC. | Guido Veroi (sculptor) Uliana Pernazza (engraver) |
|
| 10, 20 and 50 cent |  |
GV • UP INC. | Guido Veroi (sculptor) Uliana Pernazza (engraver) |
|
| 1 and 2 euro |  |
GV • UP INC. | Guido Veroi (sculptor) Uliana Pernazza (engraver) |
|
| Vatican City (second series) | ||||
| All denominations |  |
D. LONGO | Daniela Longo | sculptor |
| 1 cent |  |
M.A.C. INC. | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 2 cent |  |
LDS (stylized) INC. | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 5 cent |  |
ELF INC. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 10 cent |  |
M.C.C. INC. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| 20 cent |  |
M.A.C. INC. | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 50 cent |  |
LDS (stylised) INC. | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 1 euro |  |
ELF INC. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 2 euro |  |
M.C.C. INC. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| Vatican City (third series) | ||||
| All denominations |  |
D.L. | Daniela Longo | sculptor |
| 1 and 2 cent |  |
LDS INC. | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 5 cent |  |
ELF INC. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 10 cent |  |
M.C.C. INC. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| 20 and 50 cent |  |
M.A.C. INC. | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 1 euro |  |
ELF INC. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 2 euro |  |
M.C.C. INC. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on €2 commemorative coins
| Country | Inscription image | Inscription text | Name | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | ||||
| Finland |  |
M M | Pertti Mäkinen (designer) Raimo Makkonen (mint master) |
|
| Italy |  |
UP (stylised) | Uliana Pernazza | engraver |
| San Marino |  |
E.L.F. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| Vatican |   |
VEROI L.D.S. INC. |
Guido Veroi (designer) Luciana De Simoni (engraver) |
|
| 2005 | ||||
| Belgium |  |
LL (stylised) | Luc Luycx Luc Luycx Luc Luycx is the designer of the common side of the euro coins.Luycx is a computer engineer living in Dendermonde, Belgium and has worked for the Royal Belgian Mint for 15 years. He designed the euro coins in 1996.His signature on all euro coins is visible as two L letters connected together... |
designer |
| Finland |  |
K | Tapio Kettunen | designer |
| Italy |  |
M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| San Marino |  |
LDS (stylised) INC. | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| Vatican |   |
LONGO ELF INC. |
Daniela Longo (designer) Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini (engraver) |
|
| 2006 | ||||
| Finland |  |
M (the two marks reflect the mirror motif of the coin) | Raimo Makkonen | mint master |
| Germany |  |
HH | Heinz Hoyer | designer |
| Italy |  |
M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| San Marino |  |
LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| Vatican |   |
O.ROSSI MCC INC. |
Orietta Rossi (designer) Maria Carmela Colaneri (engraver) |
|
| 2007 | ||||
| Germany |  |
HH | Heinz Hoyer | designer |
| Monaco |  |
R.B.BARON | R. B. Baron | designer |
| Portugal |  |
I Vilar (signature) | Irene Vilar Irene Vilar Irene Vilar is an editor, a literary agent and an author of several books dealing with national and generational trauma and women's reproductive rights. Born in Puerto Rico, Vilar is the granddaughter of Puerto Rican nationalist Lolita Lebrón, who participated in an assault on the United States... |
designer |
| San Marino |  |
E.L.F. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| Vatican |   |
LONGO MCC INC. |
Daniela Longo (designer) Maria Carmela Colaneri (engraver) |
|
| 2008 | ||||
| Finland |  |
K | Tapio Kettunen | sculptor |
| Germany |  |
OE (stylised) | Erich Ott Erich Ott Erich Ott is a German sculptor, engraver, and designer.He is best known for his design of numerous German commemorative coins and designed*the German Deutsche Mark coins... |
designer |
| Italy |  |
MCC | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| San Marino |  |
E.L.F. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| Vatican |  |
VEROI | Guido Veroi | engraver |
€2 edge inscriptions
With each member of the Eurozone comes a set of individual coin designs. Included in the individuality of the national obverse face of the euro coins, whose design is left to the member states, is the edge of the €2 coin. Each member was allowed to design a unique inscription that would appear on the €2 coin's edge. Some of these edge inscriptions are carried over from the coins of the yielded currencies in circulation prior to the introduction of the euro.Commemorative issue €2 edge inscriptions
Generally the edge inscription of a €2 commemorative coin€2 commemorative coins
€2 commemorative coins are special euro coins minted and issued by member states of the eurozone since 2004 as legal tender in all eurozone member states. The coins typically commemorate the anniversaries of historical events or draw attention to current events of special importance...
does not change from the standard issue counterpart. There are a few exceptions.
| Year and Country | Edge inscription | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 2005, Finland | |
"YK 1945–2005 FN" ("UN 1945–2005 UN" in Finnish Finnish language Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland Primarily for use by restaurant menus and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. It is one of the two official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden. In Sweden, both standard Finnish and Meänkieli, a... and Swedish Swedish language Swedish is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along its coast and on the Åland islands. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish... , the official languages of Finland) followed by three lion's heads. "YK" stands for "Yhdistyneet Kansakunnat" and "FN" stands for "Förenta Nationerna". Issued to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations United Nations The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace... and Finland's 50 year membership in the UN. |
| 2007, Finland |  |
"ROMFÖRDRAGET 50 ÅR EUROPA" ("TREATY OF ROME 50 YEARS EUROPE" in Swedish Swedish language Swedish is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along its coast and on the Åland islands. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish... , one of the official languages of Finland. The same words in Finnish Finnish language Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland Primarily for use by restaurant menus and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. It is one of the two official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden. In Sweden, both standard Finnish and Meänkieli, a... - "ROOMAN SOPIMUS 50 V EUROOPPA" - appear on the face of this coin). Issued to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome Treaty of Rome The Treaty of Rome, officially the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, was an international agreement that led to the founding of the European Economic Community on 1 January 1958. It was signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany... . |