Hubert Parker
Encyclopedia
Hubert Stanley Wyborn Parker DSO
Distinguished Service Order
The Distinguished Service Order is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other parts of the British Commonwealth and Empire, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat.Instituted on 6 September...

 VD
Volunteer Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration was created by Royal Warrant under command of Queen Victoria on 25 July 1892 to reward 'efficient and capable' officers of the Volunteer Force who had served for twenty years...

 (16 October 1883—26 July 1966) was an Australian politician who represented the Western Australia
Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east...

n Legislative Assembly
Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of parliament in the Australian state of Western Australia. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Perth....

 seat of North-East Fremantle
Electoral district of North-East Fremantle
North-East Fremantle was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1897 to 1911.Based in urban Fremantle, the district was first contested at the 1911 state election, being an amalgam of the former districts of North Fremantle and East...

 from 1930 until 1933, and one of the three Legislative Council
Western Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council, or upper house, is one of the two chambers of parliament in the Australian state of Western Australia. Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the lower house, the Legislative Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state...

 seats for Metropolitan-Suburban Province
Metropolitan-Suburban Province
The Metropolitan-Suburban Province was a three-member electoral province of the Western Australian Legislative Council, located in the metropolitan region of Perth. It was created by the Constitution Acts Amendment Act 1899, and became effective on 29 August 1900 following a special election to...

 (later known as Suburban Province) from 1934 until 1954. He was a member of the Nationalist Party
Nationalist Party of Australia
The Nationalist Party of Australia was an Australian political party. It was formed on 17 February 1917 from a merger between the conservative Commonwealth Liberal Party and the National Labor Party, the name given to the pro-conscription defectors from the Australian Labor Party led by Prime...

 until 1945, when the party merged into the Liberal Party
Liberal Party of Australia
The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party.Founded a year after the 1943 federal election to replace the United Australia Party, the centre-right Liberal Party typically competes with the centre-left Australian Labor Party for political office...

. He was also a qualified solicitor and distinguished military officer who served at Gallipoli and in France during World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

.

Biography

Parker was born in Perth
Perth, Western Australia
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia and the fourth most populous city in Australia. The Perth metropolitan area has an estimated population of almost 1,700,000....

, Western Australia
Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east...

. His father was Stephen Henry Parker
Stephen Henry Parker
Sir Stephen Henry Parker KCMG was a lawyer and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Western Australia from 1906 to 1914.-Early life:...

, a barrister and member of the Legislative Council, who later became the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Western Australia
Supreme Court of Western Australia
The Supreme Court of Western Australia is the highest state court in the Australian State of Western Australia. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters , and hears the most serious criminal matters.The Supreme Court consists of a General Division The Supreme Court of Western...

. His mother was Amy Leake, a member of the influential Leake family
Leake family tree
A number of members of the Leake family were prominent and notable individuals in the Swan River Colony and the history of Perth, Western Australia - and the History of Western Australia....

 which included, among others, George Leake
George Leake
George Leake CMG QC was Premier of Western Australia from 27 May 1901 to 21 November 1901, and again from 23 December 1901 until his death on 24 June 1902.-Early life:...

 (1856–1902), the third Premier of Western Australia
Premier of Western Australia
The Premier of Western Australia is the head of the executive government in the Australian State of Western Australia. The Premier has similar functions in Western Australia to those performed by the Prime Minister of Australia at the national level, subject to the different Constitutions...

. He was educated at Hale School
Hale School
Hale School is a selective, independent, Anglican day and boarding school for boys, located in Wembley Downs, a coastal suburb of Perth, Western Australia....

 before being sent to Malvern College
Malvern College
Malvern College is a coeducational independent school located on a 250 acre campus near the town centre of Malvern, Worcestershire in England. Founded on 25 January 1865, until 1992, the College was a secondary school for boys aged 13 to 18...

 in England.

In January 1900, he enlisted as a gunner in the West Australian Artillery, anticipating service in the Boer War
Second Boer War
The Second Boer War was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the British Empire and the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State...

, but was not called up. He was appointed a Second Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant
Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces.- United Kingdom and Commonwealth :The rank second lieutenant was introduced throughout the British Army in 1871 to replace the rank of ensign , although it had long been used in the Royal Artillery, Royal...

 in the Australian Field Artillery on 12 May 1903, and was promoted to Lieutenant
First Lieutenant
First lieutenant is a military rank and, in some forces, an appointment.The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations , but the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior and junior rank...

 on 20 September 1905. He remained on the active list but returned to civilian life. On 11 June 1906, Parker was called to the Bar and from then until 1914 practiced law in Northam
Northam, Western Australia
Northam is a town in Western Australia, situated at the confluence of the Avon and Mortlock Rivers, about north-east of Perth in the Avon Valley. At the 2006 census, Northam had a population of 6,009. Northam is the largest town in the Avon region...

 and Kalgoorlie
Kalgoorlie, Western Australia
Kalgoorlie, known as Kalgoorlie-Boulder, is a town in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, and is located east-northeast of state capital Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway...

.

At the outbreak of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

, he enlisted in the First Australian Imperial Force
First Australian Imperial Force
The First Australian Imperial Force was the main expeditionary force of the Australian Army during World War I. It was formed from 15 August 1914, following Britain's declaration of war on Germany. Generally known at the time as the AIF, it is today referred to as the 1st AIF to distinguish from...

 on 16 August 1914 as a Lieutenant, embarking for active service in the Middle East on 20 October. He was transferred to Gallipoli on 5 April 1915, where he was promoted to Captain on 4 September 1915. He returned to Egypt aboard the RMS Empress of Britain, where on 30 January 1916 he transferred to the Imperial Camel Corps
Imperial Camel Corps
The Imperial Camel Corps was a brigade-sized military formation which fought for the Allies in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in World War I. Its personnel were infantry mounted on camels for movement across desert....

 and ultimately to the 15th Field Artillery Brigade on 12 May 1916. He was promoted to Major on 5 June, and embarked for France with the 5th Division, commanding two batteries. On 29 September 1917, he was wounded and gassed in France, and was evacuated to the UK. While there, he married Helen Riall, the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel William Augustus Riall, on 29 December. He returned briefly to active service in January 1918 in France, and was Mentioned in Despatches. Upon the end of the war, he was removed with his wife to Adelaide
Adelaide
Adelaide is the capital city of South Australia and the fifth-largest city in Australia. Adelaide has an estimated population of more than 1.2 million...

 aboard HMS Kashmir, and was discharged in Perth on 9 July 1919. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order
Distinguished Service Order
The Distinguished Service Order is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other parts of the British Commonwealth and Empire, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat.Instituted on 6 September...

 and Volunteer Decoration
Volunteer Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration was created by Royal Warrant under command of Queen Victoria on 25 July 1892 to reward 'efficient and capable' officers of the Volunteer Force who had served for twenty years...

, as well as the 1914-15 Star
1914-15 Star
The 1914-15 Star was a campaign medal of the British Empire, for service in World War I.The 1914-15 Star was approved in 1918, for issue to officers and men of British and Imperial forces who served in any theatre of the War between 5 August 1914 and 31 December 1915 .Recipients of this medal also...

, British War Medal
British War Medal
The British War Medal was a campaign medal of the British Empire, for service in World War I.The medal was approved in 1919, for issue to officers and men of British and Imperial forces who had rendered service between 5 August 1914 and 11 November 1918...

 and Victory Medal
Victory Medal (United Kingdom)
The Victory Medal is a campaign medal - of which the basic design and ribbon was adopted by Belgium, Brazil, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Siam, Union of South Africa and the USA in accordance with decisions as taken at the Inter-Allied Peace Conference at...

, and was entitled to the Gallipoli Medallion and plaque.

He returned to his legal practice with Parker & Parker, while continuing his part-time involvement with the Citizen Forces. In 1921 he became a Crown Prosecutor with the Crown Law Department. In November 1923, having had no children, he and his wife Helen divorced. The following month at St Columba's Church, Cottesloe
Cottesloe, Western Australia
-Transport:Cottesloe is served by Swanbourne, Grant Street, Cottesloe, Mosman Park and Victoria Street railway stations on the Fremantle line. Various bus routes along Stirling Highway and through the suburb's western and eastern sections link Cottesloe to Perth and Fremantle. All services are...

, he married Ada Sholl, the daughter of Horace Sholl who had served as the member for Roebourne
Electoral district of Roebourne
The Electoral district of Roebourne was a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. It was named for the town of Roebourne and was created in 1890, being one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 state election....

 from 1891 to 1901. They settled in Mosman Terrace in the Perth suburb of Mosman Park
Mosman Park, Western Australia
The Town of Mosman Park is a Local Government Area of Western Australia. It covers an area of approximately 4.3 km² in western metropolitan Perth, the capital of Western Australia and lies about 14 km southwest of the Perth CBD and 5 km from Fremantle.-History:The Buckland Hill Road...

, and had two sons and a daughter. On 1 October 1926 he became a Legal Staff Officer to the Australian Army Legal Department, while practicing privately with Parker & Roe (later Parker & Byass). He maintained his practice for the entire duration of his time in Parliament.

Political life

In the 1927 election, Parker unsuccessfully contested the seat of Guildford
Electoral district of Guildford
Guildford was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1901 to 1962.Known as Guildford-Midland from 1930 onwards, the district was located in the north-eastern suburbs of Perth.-History:...

.

At the 1930 election, Parker contested the Labor
Australian Labor Party
The Australian Labor Party is an Australian political party. It has been the governing party of the Commonwealth of Australia since the 2007 federal election. Julia Gillard is the party's federal parliamentary leader and Prime Minister of Australia...

-held seat of North-East Fremantle
Electoral district of North-East Fremantle
North-East Fremantle was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1897 to 1911.Based in urban Fremantle, the district was first contested at the 1911 state election, being an amalgam of the former districts of North Fremantle and East...

 for the Nationalist Party
Nationalist Party of Australia
The Nationalist Party of Australia was an Australian political party. It was formed on 17 February 1917 from a merger between the conservative Commonwealth Liberal Party and the National Labor Party, the name given to the pro-conscription defectors from the Australian Labor Party led by Prime...

. The seat was normally a very safe Labor seat and had been held for many years by William Angwin
William Angwin
William C. "Bill" Angwin was an Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League . Angwin played three games for Melbourne early in the 1913 VFL season before switching to St Kilda later in the season, playing six games and kicking one goal in the year and a half he was at...

, who had left to become Agent-General for Western Australia in London in 1927. The seat had passed at that point to Francis Rowe, who had served for 25 years as secretary to the Fremantle Wharf Labourer's Union, and had reached the age of 70 by the time of the election. Additionally, there was considerable public frustration at the Collier Government
First Collier Ministry
The First Collier Ministry was the 16th Ministry of the Government of Western Australia and was led by Labor Premier Philip Collier. It succeeded the First Mitchell Ministry on 16 April 1924, following the defeat of the Nationalist government at the 1924 election on 22 March.The ministry was...

, who were viewed as having failed to deal with rising unemployment resulting from the Great Depression
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...

. Sir James Mitchell
James Mitchell (Australian politician)
Sir James Mitchell GCMG was the 13th Premier of Western Australia, serving on two occasions, the Lieutenant-Governor of Western Australia for 15 years and the 22nd Governor of Western Australia....

, the Nationalists' leader who had been premier from 1919 to 1924 during a period of growth, campaigned with a message of hope against the climate of mounting poverty and uncertainty. Parker's win by 13 votes was considered to be a major upset.

He served as a member of the Standing Orders Committee, and a Select Committee inquiring into the Prices of the Necessities of Life. On 22 February 1933, following the unexpected death of Thomas Davy, Parker was appointed by Premier Sir James Mitchell
James Mitchell (Australian politician)
Sir James Mitchell GCMG was the 13th Premier of Western Australia, serving on two occasions, the Lieutenant-Governor of Western Australia for 15 years and the 22nd Governor of Western Australia....

 to the Ministry
Second Mitchell Ministry
The Second Mitchell Ministry was the 17th Ministry of the Government of Western Australia and was led by Nationalist Premier Sir James Mitchell. It succeeded the First Collier Ministry on 23 April 1930, following the defeat of the Labor government at the 1930 election on 26 March.The ministry...

 as Attorney-General
Attorney-General of Western Australia
The Attorney-General of Western Australia is the member of the Government of Western Australia responsible for maintenance and improvement of Western Australia's system of law and justice. Before the advent of representative government in 1870, the title was Advocate-General of Western Australia...

 and Minister for Education
Minister for Education (Western Australia)
The Minister for Education of Western Australia is the member of the Government of Western Australia responsible for maintenance and improvement of Western Australia's system of education, and is answerable to the Parliament for all actions taken by the Department of Education and Training under...

. He therefore resigned his seat as was the constitutional requirement at the time, but did not have to contest a ministerial by-election due to the upcoming state election
Western Australian state election, 1933
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 8 April 1933 to elect all 50 members to the Legislative Assembly. The one-term Nationalist-Country coalition government, led by Premier Sir James Mitchell, was defeated by the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Philip Collier.The election...

. The election, held at the height of the Great Depression
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...

, was a disaster for Mitchell and the Nationalists—Parker, Mitchell and two other ministers lost their seats, and Labor's Philip Collier
Philip Collier
Philip Collier was Premier of Western Australia for nine years, the longest ever term for an Australian Labor Party premier....

 became premier again.

In May 1934, he contested the Metropolitan-Suburban
Metropolitan-Suburban Province
The Metropolitan-Suburban Province was a three-member electoral province of the Western Australian Legislative Council, located in the metropolitan region of Perth. It was created by the Constitution Acts Amendment Act 1899, and became effective on 29 August 1900 following a special election to...

 as the endorsed Nationalist candidate, and won the seat, which he went on to hold for 20 years. He served on various Select Committees into various Acts, and as an Honorary Royal Commissioner enquiring into the Electoral Act.

On 2 January 1940, after the commencement of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, he was appointed General Staff Officer Grade III in the Western Command headquarters of the Citizen Forces, working with the Intelligence Section. He travelled to the Middle East with the Sea Transport division of the AIF in 1941 as a "voyage only officer", but on 16 January 1942, he was retired from military service and promoted to Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel.

With the unexpected victory of the Liberal
Liberal Party of Australia
The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party.Founded a year after the 1943 federal election to replace the United Australia Party, the centre-right Liberal Party typically competes with the centre-left Australian Labor Party for political office...

-Country
National Party of Western Australia
The National Party of Western Australia is a political party in Western Australia. It is affiliated with the National Party of Australia but maintains a separate structure and identity....

 coalition under Ross McLarty
Ross McLarty
Sir Duncan Ross McLarty KBE MM was the 17th Premier of Western Australia.-Early life:McLarty was born in Pinjarra, Western Australia, the youngest of seven children of Edward McLarty, a farmer and grazier and member of the Western Australian Legislative Council, and his wife Mary Jane, née Campbell...

, Parker was appointed to the Ministry
McLarty-Watts Ministry
The McLarty-Watts Ministry was the 21st Ministry of the Government of Western Australia, led by Liberal Premier Sir Ross McLarty and his deputy, Country Party leader Arthur Watts. It succeeded the Wise Ministry on 1 April 1947, following the defeat of the Labor government at the 1947 election two...

, serving as Minister for Mines, Chief Secretary and Minister for Police in the first term of the Ministry, additionally serving brief terms in Health and Native Affairs. He became Deputy Chairman of Committees from 1951 until 1953.

Later life

At the conclusion of his third full term in 1954, at age 70, he was defeated in his Suburban Province
Metropolitan-Suburban Province
The Metropolitan-Suburban Province was a three-member electoral province of the Western Australian Legislative Council, located in the metropolitan region of Perth. It was created by the Constitution Acts Amendment Act 1899, and became effective on 29 August 1900 following a special election to...

 seat by Ruby Hutchinson, the first woman ever elected to the Legislative Council. He continued his commitments as an active member of the Returned Services League
Returned and Services League of Australia
The Returned and Services League of Australia is a support organisation for men and women who have served or are serving in the Australian Defence Force ....

 (RSL), vice-commodore of the Mosman Bay Yacht Club, and as committee member of several exclusive clubs, namely the Western Australian Turf Club (WATC), Western Australian Cricket Association
Western Australian Cricket Association
The Western Australian Cricket Association is the governing body for cricket in Western Australia.-History:The WACA was formed on 5 November 1885...

 (WACA), Weld Club
Weld Club
The Weld Club is a gentlemen's club in Perth, Western Australia, founded in 1871 by members of the establishment of Perth. It was named after the then Governor of Western Australia, Sir Frederick Weld with the club building designed by Talbot Hobbs and constructed in 1892.-External links:*...

, and Tattersall's Club. He died at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital is one of Australia's leading teaching hospitals, and is located in Nedlands, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia...

 on 26 July 1966 and was cremated at Karrakatta Cemetery
Karrakatta Cemetery
Karrakatta Cemetery is a metropolitan cemetery in the suburb of Karrakatta in Perth, Western Australia. Karrakatta Cemetery first opened for burials in 1899, with Robert Creighton. Currently managed by the Metropolitan Cemeteries Board, the cemetery attracts more than one million visitors each...

.
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