Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch
Encyclopedia
Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and 5th Duke of Queensberry KG
KT
FRSE (2 September 1746 – 11 January 1812) was a Scottish
nobleman
and long-time friend of the notable Sir Walter Scott
. He is the paternal 3rd great-grandfather of HRH Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
, and the maternal 4th great-grandfather of HRH Prince William of Gloucester
and HRH Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
. He is also the paternal 5th great-grandfather to Sarah, Duchess of York
, and a maternal 6th great-grandfather to HRH Princess Beatrice of York
and HRH Princess Eugenie of York
.
It was during Henry's tenure as Duke that much of the family's lands and wealth were accumulated. It was he, as well, who integrated the surnames "Montagu" and "Douglas" with the Scott family name to form the unhyphenated compound surname "Montagu Douglas Scott".
(son of Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch
) and his wife, Caroline Campbell
, and the third-born and only surviving male heir. He was baptised on September 29, 1746 at St. George's Church, St. George Street, Hanover Square, London, England. His father, Francis Scott
died with smallpox at the age of 29, just one year before the death of Henry's grandfather, the 2nd Duke of Buccleuch. It was young Henry who succeeded his grandfather as Duke of Buccleuch
on 22 April 1751, at the age of just four.
Educated at Eton College
, through his stepfather Charles Townshend
, Henry was given the opportunity to travel abroad with Adam Smith
as his tutor from 1764 to 1766. The Duke remained life-long friends with Adam Smith and is credited with bringing him out of his shell.
. The couple were married in Montagu House, Whitehall, London
. Elizabeth's grandparents were Sir John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu
and Lady Mary Churchill, and Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu
(first creation) and Elizabeth Wriothesley (daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton
). Her maternal great-grandparents were John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
and Lady Sarah Jenyns
.
Henry and Elizabeth bore seven children together:
died on 5 July 1749, his estate had been entailed to his daughter, Lady Mary Montagu, who was married to Sir George Brudenell, the 4th Earl of Cardigan
. The Montagu peerages, like most English peerages, were limited to heirs male, and became extinct with the 2nd Duke. However, within ten days after Montagu’s death, Cardigan adopted the Montagu name and coat of arms
for both himself and his two children, in order that the Montagu name should continue. Seventeen years later, in 1766, King George III
created him Duke of Montagu and Marquess of Monthermer.
The first Duke of the 1766 creation died 23 May 1790 — also survived only by a daughter, Elizabeth, now Duchess of Buccleuch. Once again the Montagu peerages became extinct. Elizabeth inherited only the unentailed Montagu assets, which included Boughton House
in Weekley
, Northamptonshire
. Like his father-in-law, Buccleuch wished to perpetuate the Montagu name, and adopted the unhyphenated surname Montagu Scott.
never married; when he died on 23 December 1810, his peerages and entailments passed to his 2nd cousin once removed, Sir Henry Montagu Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, through Sir Henry's grandmother, Lady Jane Douglas, Queensberry’s first cousin once removed. Buccleuch then added the surname to his own, forming the unhyphenated surname Montagu Douglas Scott which the family bears to this day.
from 1777 to 1812. He was President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
from 1783 to 1812. He was Lord-Lieutenant of Haddington from 1794 to 1812, and Lord-Lieutenant of Midlothian from 1794 to 1812. In 1778, he raised successfully a regiment of Fencibles
.
, Midlothian, Scotland, on 11 January 1812, aged 65. He was buried in the Buccleuch family crypt in St. Mary's Church, Dalkeith.
Order of the Garter
The Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry, or knighthood, existing in England. The order is dedicated to the image and arms of St...
KT
Order of the Thistle
The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The current version of the Order was founded in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland who asserted that he was reviving an earlier Order...
FRSE (2 September 1746 – 11 January 1812) was a Scottish
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
nobleman
Peerage of Scotland
The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. With that year's Act of Union, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England were combined into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was...
and long-time friend of the notable Sir Walter Scott
Walter Scott
Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet was a Scottish historical novelist, playwright, and poet, popular throughout much of the world during his time....
. He is the paternal 3rd great-grandfather of HRH Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester was a member of the British Royal Family, the wife and then widow of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the third son of George V and Queen Mary.The daughter of the 7th Duke of Buccleuch & Queensberry, Scotland’s largest landowner, her brothers Walter and...
, and the maternal 4th great-grandfather of HRH Prince William of Gloucester
Prince William of Gloucester
Prince William of Gloucester was a member of the British Royal Family, a grandson of George V.-Early life:...
and HRH Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester is a member of the British Royal Family. Prince Richard is the youngest grandchild of King George V and Queen Mary. He has been Duke of Gloucester since his father's death in 1974. He is currently 20th in the line of succession...
. He is also the paternal 5th great-grandfather to Sarah, Duchess of York
Sarah, Duchess of York
Sarah, Duchess of York is a British charity patron, spokesperson, writer, film producer, television personality and former member of the British Royal Family. She is the former wife of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, whom she married from 1986 to 1996...
, and a maternal 6th great-grandfather to HRH Princess Beatrice of York
Princess Beatrice of York
Princess Beatrice of York is the elder daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York...
and HRH Princess Eugenie of York
Princess Eugenie of York
Princess Eugenie of York Eugenie Victoria Helena; born 23 March 1990) is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York...
.
It was during Henry's tenure as Duke that much of the family's lands and wealth were accumulated. It was he, as well, who integrated the surnames "Montagu" and "Douglas" with the Scott family name to form the unhyphenated compound surname "Montagu Douglas Scott".
Early life
Henry Scott was the fourth child of five born to Francis Scott, Earl of DalkeithFrancis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith
Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith was a Scottish nobleman.He was the eldest child of Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith by his wife Jane, daughter of James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry. In 1732 his father succeeded as second Duke of Buccleuch and Francis assumed the courtesy title Earl of Dalkeith...
(son of Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch
Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch
Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch KT FRS was a Scottish nobleman.-Biography:He was the son of Sir James Scott, Earl of Dalkeith and Lady Henrietta Hyde, daughter of Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester. He was baptised on 20 January 1694/95 in St...
) and his wife, Caroline Campbell
Caroline Townshend, 1st Baroness Greenwich
Caroline Townshend, 1st Baroness Greenwich was a British peeress, a daughter of the John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll....
, and the third-born and only surviving male heir. He was baptised on September 29, 1746 at St. George's Church, St. George Street, Hanover Square, London, England. His father, Francis Scott
Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith
Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith was a Scottish nobleman.He was the eldest child of Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith by his wife Jane, daughter of James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry. In 1732 his father succeeded as second Duke of Buccleuch and Francis assumed the courtesy title Earl of Dalkeith...
died with smallpox at the age of 29, just one year before the death of Henry's grandfather, the 2nd Duke of Buccleuch. It was young Henry who succeeded his grandfather as Duke of Buccleuch
Duke of Buccleuch
The title Duke of Buccleuch , formerly also spelt Duke of Buccleugh, was created in the Peerage of Scotland on 20 April 1663 for the Duke of Monmouth, who was the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of Scotland, England, and Ireland and who had married Anne Scott, 4th Countess of Buccleuch.Anne...
on 22 April 1751, at the age of just four.
Educated at Eton College
Eton College
Eton College, often referred to simply as Eton, is a British independent school for boys aged 13 to 18. It was founded in 1440 by King Henry VI as "The King's College of Our Lady of Eton besides Wyndsor"....
, through his stepfather Charles Townshend
Charles Townshend
Charles Townshend was a British politician. He was born at his family's seat of Raynham Hall in Norfolk, England, the second son of Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend, and Audrey , daughter and heiress of Edward Harrison of Ball's Park, near Hertford, a lady who rivalled her son in...
, Henry was given the opportunity to travel abroad with Adam Smith
Adam Smith
Adam Smith was a Scottish social philosopher and a pioneer of political economy. One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment, Smith is the author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations...
as his tutor from 1764 to 1766. The Duke remained life-long friends with Adam Smith and is credited with bringing him out of his shell.
Marriage and family
On 2 May 1767, he married Lady Elizabeth Montagu, the eldest daughter of Lady Mary Montagu and George (Brudenell) Montagu, 1st Duke of MontaguGeorge Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu
George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, KG PC, FRS was a British peer.He was born George Brudenell in 1712 at Cardigan House, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in London, the son of the 3rd Earl of Cardigan and his wife, the former Lady Elizabeth Bruce...
. The couple were married in Montagu House, Whitehall, London
Montagu House, Whitehall
Montagu House was the name of two mansions in Whitehall in Westminster, Central London, England.In 1731, John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, abandoned the existing grand Montagu House in the socially declining district of Bloomsbury, which was later to become the premises of the British Museum, and...
. Elizabeth's grandparents were Sir John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu
John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu
John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, KG, KB, PC , styled Viscount Monthermer until 1705 and Marquess of Monthermer between 1705 and 1709, was a British peer...
and Lady Mary Churchill, and Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu
Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu
Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu was an English courtier and diplomat.-Life:He was the second son of Edward Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton and Anne Winwood, daughter of the Secretary of State Ralph Winwood...
(first creation) and Elizabeth Wriothesley (daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton
Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton
Sir Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton, KG , styled Lord Wriothesley before 1624, was a 17th century English statesman, a staunch supporter of Charles II who would rise to the position of Lord High Treasurer after the English Restoration...
). Her maternal great-grandparents were John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, Prince of Mindelheim, KG, PC , was an English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reigns of five monarchs through the late 17th and early 18th centuries...
and Lady Sarah Jenyns
Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough
Sarah Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough rose to be one of the most influential women in British history as a result of her close friendship with Queen Anne of Great Britain.Sarah's friendship and influence with Princess Anne was widely known, and leading public figures...
.
Henry and Elizabeth bore seven children together:
- Lady Elizabeth Scott (died 29 Jun 1837), married Alexander Home, 10th Earl of Home and had issue.
- George Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (25 March 1768 – 29 May 1768)
- Lady Mary Scott (21 May 1769 – 21 April 1823), married James Stopford, 3rd Earl of CourtownJames Stopford, 3rd Earl of CourtownJames George Stopford, 3rd Earl of Courtown KP, PC , known as Viscount Stopford from 1770 to 1810, was an Anglo-Irish peer and Tory politician....
and had issue. - Sir Charles William Henry Montagu Scott, 4th Duke of Buccleuch & 6th Duke of QueensberryCharles Montagu-Scott, 4th Duke of BuccleuchCharles William Henry Montagu-Scott, 4th Duke of Buccleuch & 6th Duke of Queensberry, KT was the son of Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and Lady Elizabeth Montagu...
(24 May 1772 – 20 April 1819) - Lady Caroline Scott (6 July 1774 – 29 April 1854), married Charles Douglas, 6th Marquess of QueensberryCharles Douglas, 6th Marquess of QueensberryCharles Douglas, 6th Marquess of Queensberry, KT was a Scottish peer.Douglas was the first son and heir of Sir William Douglas, Bt, and his wife, Grace, née Johnstone. He inherited his father's baronetcy in 1783...
and had issue. - Henry James Montagu-Scott, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton (16 December 1776 – 30 October 1845)
- Lady Harriet Scott (1 December 1780 – 18 April 1833), married William Kerr, 6th Marquess of LothianWilliam Kerr, 6th Marquess of LothianWilliam Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian KT was the son of William Kerr, 5th Marquess of Lothian.He married, firstly, Lady Harriet Hobart-Hampden, a younger daughter of 2nd Earl of Buckinghamshire , on 14 April 1793...
and had issue.
The Montagu line
When Sir John Montagu, 2nd Duke of MontaguJohn Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu
John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, KG, KB, PC , styled Viscount Monthermer until 1705 and Marquess of Monthermer between 1705 and 1709, was a British peer...
died on 5 July 1749, his estate had been entailed to his daughter, Lady Mary Montagu, who was married to Sir George Brudenell, the 4th Earl of Cardigan
George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu
George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, KG PC, FRS was a British peer.He was born George Brudenell in 1712 at Cardigan House, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in London, the son of the 3rd Earl of Cardigan and his wife, the former Lady Elizabeth Bruce...
. The Montagu peerages, like most English peerages, were limited to heirs male, and became extinct with the 2nd Duke. However, within ten days after Montagu’s death, Cardigan adopted the Montagu name and coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
for both himself and his two children, in order that the Montagu name should continue. Seventeen years later, in 1766, King George III
George III of the United Kingdom
George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
created him Duke of Montagu and Marquess of Monthermer.
The first Duke of the 1766 creation died 23 May 1790 — also survived only by a daughter, Elizabeth, now Duchess of Buccleuch. Once again the Montagu peerages became extinct. Elizabeth inherited only the unentailed Montagu assets, which included Boughton House
Boughton House
Boughton House is a country house about north-east of Kettering off the A43 road near Geddington in Northamptonshire, England, which belongs to the Duke of Buccleuch.-History:...
in Weekley
Weekley
Weekley is a small village and civil parish in the English county of Northamptonshire. At the time of the 2001 census, the parish's population was 242 people. Weekley is just off the A43 road north of Kettering. It is administered as part of the borough of Kettering. Of the 56 houses in the village...
, Northamptonshire
Northamptonshire
Northamptonshire is a landlocked county in the English East Midlands, with a population of 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with the ceremonial counties of Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east,...
. Like his father-in-law, Buccleuch wished to perpetuate the Montagu name, and adopted the unhyphenated surname Montagu Scott.
The Douglas line
William Douglas, 4th Duke of QueensberryWilliam Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry
William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry KT was a Scottish nobleman.Born in Peebles, Queensberry was the only son of William Douglas, 2nd Earl of March, and his wife, Lady Anne Hamilton....
never married; when he died on 23 December 1810, his peerages and entailments passed to his 2nd cousin once removed, Sir Henry Montagu Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, through Sir Henry's grandmother, Lady Jane Douglas, Queensberry’s first cousin once removed. Buccleuch then added the surname to his own, forming the unhyphenated surname Montagu Douglas Scott which the family bears to this day.
Career
Buccleuch was Governor of the Royal Bank of ScotlandRoyal Bank of Scotland
The Royal Bank of Scotland Group is a British banking and insurance holding company in which the UK Government holds an 84% stake. This stake is held and managed through UK Financial Investments Limited, whose voting rights are limited to 75% in order for the bank to retain its listing on the...
from 1777 to 1812. He was President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Royal Society of Edinburgh
The Royal Society of Edinburgh is Scotland's national academy of science and letters. It is a registered charity, operating on a wholly independent and non-party-political basis and providing public benefit throughout Scotland...
from 1783 to 1812. He was Lord-Lieutenant of Haddington from 1794 to 1812, and Lord-Lieutenant of Midlothian from 1794 to 1812. In 1778, he raised successfully a regiment of Fencibles
Fencibles
The Fencibles were army regiments raised in the United Kingdom and in the colonies for defence against the threat of invasion during the American War of Independence and French Revolutionary Wars in the late 18th century...
.
Death
Buccleuch died at Dalkeith PalaceDalkeith Palace
Dalkeith Palace in Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland, is the former seat of the Duke of Buccleuch.Dalkeith Castle was located to the north east of Dalkeith, and was originally in the hands of the Clan Graham in the 12th century and given to the Douglas family in the early 14th century. James Douglas...
, Midlothian, Scotland, on 11 January 1812, aged 65. He was buried in the Buccleuch family crypt in St. Mary's Church, Dalkeith.
Titles, honours and awards
- 31 January 1748 – 31 March 1750: Henry Scott, Lord Eskdaill
- 1 April 1750 – 21 April 1751: Henry Scott, Earl of Dalkeith
- 22 April 1751 – 22 December 1810: His Grace, Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch
- 1778 – 1812: Captain General of the Royal Company of ArchersRoyal Company of ArchersThe Royal Company of Archers is a ceremonial unit that serves as the Sovereign's Bodyguard in Scotland, a role it has performed since 1822 and the reign of King George IV, when the company provided a personal bodyguard to the King on his visit to Scotland. It is currently known as the Queen's...
- 1767: Appointed Knight of the ThistleOrder of the ThistleThe Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The current version of the Order was founded in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland who asserted that he was reviving an earlier Order...
(KT) - 1794: Appointed Knight of the GarterOrder of the GarterThe Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry, or knighthood, existing in England. The order is dedicated to the image and arms of St...
(KG) (resigning as Knight of the Thistle) - 1802: Inherited the Lordship of BowlandLordship of BowlandThe Lordship of Bowland, an ancient English title connected with the Forest of Bowland in the northwest of England, was once thought lost and was only recently rediscovered. It disappeared from sight in 1885 when the estates of the Towneleys, one of Lancashire’s great aristocratic families, were...
from his wife's brother-in-law, 1st Earl of Beaulieu - 23 December 1810 – 11 January 1812: His Grace, Sir Henry Montagu Douglas Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch & 5th Duke of Queensberry