Henry II the Pious
Encyclopedia
Henry II the Pious (ca. 1196/1207 – 9 April 1241), of the Silesian
line of the Piast dynasty
was Duke of Silesia
at Wrocław and Duke of Kraków
and thus High Duke of all Poland as well as Duke of Southern Greater Poland from 1238 until his death. During 1238–1239 he also served as a regent
of two other Piast duchies: Sandomierz
and Upper Silesian Opole
-Raciborz
.
, Duke of Silesia-Wrocław, by his wife (and later Saint) Hedwig of Andechs
, daughter of Duke Berthold IV of Merania
. He was the second son of the ducal couple, but soon he became the eldest child of the family when the first-born Bolesław died in 1206. Seven years later (1213) the death of his younger surviving brother Konrad the Curly
during a hunt left Henry as the sole heir of Lower Silesia
. Around 1218 his father arranged his marriage with Princess Anna, daughter of King Ottokar I of Bohemia
; this union with the royal Přemyslid dynasty
allowed Henry II to participate actively in international politics.
Henry I the Bearded quickly began his efforts to designate his sole surviving son as the universal heir of his patrimony, and from 1222, the young prince appears to have signed documents along with his father. Two years later, he had already a separate stamp and his own notary. In 1227 during a meeting of Piast Dukes in Gąsawa
, Henry the Bearded and the High Duke Leszek I the White
were trapped in an ambush, as a result of which Leszek was killed and the Silesian Duke was seriously wounded; this was the first time that the government rested on the shoulders of young Henry. The second time happened two years later, when Henry the Bearded was captured by Duke Konrad I of Masovia
. During these regencies Henry II's performance was perfect, thanks to the early years when his father entrusted him with this type of responsibility. During 1229–30, the regent led a military expedition in order to recover and secure the possession of Lubusz Land
, and in 1233–34 Henry actively supported his father's affairs in Prussia
and Greater Poland. The increasing and close cooperation with his father resulted in the official nomination of Henry as co-ruler with his father in 1234. After that came a formal separation of powers: Henry the Bearded was styled as Duke of Krakow and Silesia, and Henry as Duke of Silesia and Greater Poland. However, his sole reign had to wait until the death of Henry the Bearded on 19 March 1238.
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In the case of the Upper Silesia
n Duchy of Opole-Raciborz and the Duchy of Sandomierz, Henry could retain his authority as a regent during the minority of their rulers Mieszko II the Fat
and Bolesław V the Chaste. Nevertheless one year later (1239) Henry was compelled to resign the regency, although he remained on good terms with the Dukes of Opole and Sandomierz and also managed to retain Greater Polish Kalisz
and Wieluń
.
The situation in the northwest was more complicated: Margrave Otto III of Brandenburg
, using the death of Henry the Bearded as a pretext, took the important Greater Polish fortress at Santok
and besieged Lubusz
. As well as this, Henry II also inherited from his father the disputes with Konrad of Masovia and Władysław Odonic and with the Church, led by Pełka, Archbishop of Gniezno, who claimed the benefits promised by Henry I the Bearded. Fortunately for Henry II, the situation changed unexpectedly after the death of Władysław Odonic on 5 June 1239, leaving two minor sons, Przemysł I and Bolesław the Pious. Using these circumstances, the Silesian Duke took the majority of Odonic's possessions (including Gniezno
), leaving to Odonic's sons Nakło nad Notecią and Ujście
.
Henry's next moves, however, were dangerous: he abandoned the traditional alliance of his family with the Imperial House of Hohenstaufen and supported Pope Gregory IX
, which immediately finished his disputes with the Church. Then, to end his conflicts with Konrad of Masovia, Henry arranged the marriages of two of his daughters to two of Konrad's sons: the eldest, Gertrude, to Bolesław
, and the second, Constance
, to Casimir I of Kuyavia
. In 1239, Henry II finally lost the Santok fortress occupied by Brandenburg after his defeat in the Battle of Lubusz.
, under the leadership of Batu Khan
, who, after the invasion of Rus' chose as the next target the Kingdom of Hungary
. Batu Khan rightly recognized that in the event of war with Hungary firstly he had to take control over Poland. So he sent there an army of 10,000 men under the leadership of Lord Orda
. Already in January 1241 Batu had sent some reconnaissance troops to Lublin
and Zawichost
, but the real invasion was launched a month later. In Lesser Poland
the Mongols didn't have an equal opponent, defeating and killing almost all the Kraków and Sandomierz nobility in the Battle of Tursko (13 February) and the Battles of Tarczek and Chmielnik (18 March) where, among the casualties, were the voivode of Kraków, Włodzimierz and the castellan
Clement of Brzeźnica. After this all Lesser Poland, including Kraków and Sandomierz, was in the hands of the Mongols.
Henry didn't wait for the promised aid from Western rulers and began to concentrate the surviving Lesser Poland troops and his own Silesian and Greater Poland troops in Legnica
. Europe's rulers, more interested in the struggles between Empire and Papacy, ignored Henry's requests for help. The only foreign troops who joined him were of King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia and the combined forced of both Knights Templar
s and Hospitallers, but at the last moment they stopped their troops close to Legnica, probably fearing that the Christian Army would become an easy prey to the Mongolian troops. The battle took place on 9 April 1241; Henry was defeated and killed in action
.
The defeat was widely blamed on the European monarchs, especially Emperor Frederick II
and King Béla IV of Hungary
, who refused to help, and the unexpected and humiliating escape from the battle of Henry's Upper Silesian cousin Mieszko II the Fat. There are two descriptions of Henry's death, one submitted by Jan Długosz (today considered dubious), and the second by C. de Brigia in his Historii Tartatorum, which, based on reports of direct witnesses, is now considered more reliable. Fortunately for Poland, the Mongols didn't intend to occupy the country, since shortly afterward they went through Moravia
to Hungary, wanting to connect with the main army of Batu Khan. Henry's naked and decapitated body could only be identified by his wife, thanks to a unique anatomical defect: on his left foot, he had six toes (polydactyly
), which was confirmed at the opening of his tomb in 1832. Henry was buried in the crypt of the Franciscan Church of Sts. Vincent and Jacob in Wroclaw.
Despite ruling for only three years, Henry remained in the memories of Silesia, Greater Poland and Kraków as the perfect Christian knight and lord, whose brilliant career was stopped by his early death. Upon his death, the line of the Silesian Piasts fragmented into numerous Dukes of Silesia
, who (except for Henry's grandson Henry IV Probus) were no longer able to prevail as Polish High Dukes and subsequent came under the influence of the neighbouring Kingdom of Bohemia
.
. They had ten children:
Silesian Piasts
The Silesian Piasts were the oldest line of the Piast dynasty beginning with Władysław II the Exile, son of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland...
line of the Piast dynasty
Piast dynasty
The Piast dynasty was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. It began with the semi-legendary Piast Kołodziej . The first historical ruler was Duke Mieszko I . The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir the Great...
was Duke of Silesia
Dukes of Silesia
The Dukes of Silesia were the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into 4-5 hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the...
at Wrocław and Duke of Kraków
Seniorate Province
Seniorate Province, also known as the Senioral Province , Duchy of Kraków , Duchy of Cracow, Principality of Cracow, Principality of Kraków, was the superior among the five provinces established in 1138 according to the Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty...
and thus High Duke of all Poland as well as Duke of Southern Greater Poland from 1238 until his death. During 1238–1239 he also served as a regent
Regent
A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
of two other Piast duchies: Sandomierz
Sandomierz
Sandomierz is a city in south-eastern Poland with 25,714 inhabitants . Situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship , previously in Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship . It is the capital of Sandomierz County . Sandomierz is known for its Old Town, a major tourist attraction...
and Upper Silesian Opole
Opole
Opole is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River . It has a population of 125,992 and is the capital of the Upper Silesia, Opole Voivodeship and, also the seat of Opole County...
-Raciborz
Racibórz
Racibórz is a town in southern Poland with 60,218 inhabitants situated in the Silesian Voivodeship , previously in Katowice Voivodeship...
.
Heir of Wrocław. Co-Ruler of his father
Henry was a son of the Polish High Duke Henry I the BeardedHenry I the Bearded
Henry I the Bearded , of the Silesian line of the Piast dynasty, was Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1201 and Duke of Kraków and thus High Duke of all Poland - internally divided - from 1232 until his death.-Heir of Wroclaw:...
, Duke of Silesia-Wrocław, by his wife (and later Saint) Hedwig of Andechs
Hedwig of Andechs
Saint Hedwig of Silesia , also Saint Hedwig of Andechs from the comital House of Andechs was Duchess of Silesia from 1201 and of Greater Poland from 1231 as well as High Duchess consort of Poland from 1232 until 1238.-Life:...
, daughter of Duke Berthold IV of Merania
Berthold IV, Duke of Merania
Berthold IV was the Count of Andechs and first Duke of Merania , that is, the seacoast of Dalmatia and Istria of the House of Andechs...
. He was the second son of the ducal couple, but soon he became the eldest child of the family when the first-born Bolesław died in 1206. Seven years later (1213) the death of his younger surviving brother Konrad the Curly
Konrad the Curly
Konrad the Curly , was a Polish prince member of the Piast dinasty in his Silesian branch.He was the third son of Henry I the Bearded, Duke of Wroclaw, by his wife Hedwig, daughter of Berthold IV, Duke of Merania.-Life:...
during a hunt left Henry as the sole heir of Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia ; is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Upper Silesia is to the southeast.Throughout its history Lower Silesia has been under the control of the medieval Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy from 1526...
. Around 1218 his father arranged his marriage with Princess Anna, daughter of King Ottokar I of Bohemia
Ottokar I of Bohemia
-External links:...
; this union with the royal Přemyslid dynasty
Premyslid dynasty
The Přemyslids , were a Czech royal dynasty which reigned in Bohemia and Moravia , and partly also in Hungary, Silesia, Austria and Poland.-Legendary rulers:...
allowed Henry II to participate actively in international politics.
Henry I the Bearded quickly began his efforts to designate his sole surviving son as the universal heir of his patrimony, and from 1222, the young prince appears to have signed documents along with his father. Two years later, he had already a separate stamp and his own notary. In 1227 during a meeting of Piast Dukes in Gąsawa
Gasawa
thumb|left|100 px|Coat of arms of Gąsawa.thumb|left|St. Nicolas church in Gąsawa: main altarGąsawa called Gmina Gąsawa. It lies approximately south of Żnin and south-west of Bydgoszcz...
, Henry the Bearded and the High Duke Leszek I the White
Leszek I the White
Leszek I the White , also listed by some sources as Leszek II the White, was Prince of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland from 1194 until his death, except for the short periods following when he was deposed as Polish ruler...
were trapped in an ambush, as a result of which Leszek was killed and the Silesian Duke was seriously wounded; this was the first time that the government rested on the shoulders of young Henry. The second time happened two years later, when Henry the Bearded was captured by Duke Konrad I of Masovia
Konrad I of Masovia
Konrad I of Masovia , from the Polish Piast dynasty, was the sixth Duke of Masovia from 1194 until his death and High Duke of Poland from 1229 to 1232.-Life:...
. During these regencies Henry II's performance was perfect, thanks to the early years when his father entrusted him with this type of responsibility. During 1229–30, the regent led a military expedition in order to recover and secure the possession of Lubusz Land
Lubusz Land
Lubusz Land is a historical region and cultural landscape in Poland and Germany, on both sides of the Oder river.Originally the settlement area of the West Slavic Leubuzzi, a Veleti tribe, the swampy area was located east of Mark Brandenburg and west of Greater Poland, south of Pomerania and north...
, and in 1233–34 Henry actively supported his father's affairs in Prussia
Prussia (region)
Prussia is a historical region in Central Europe extending from the south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea to the Masurian Lake District. It is now divided between Poland, Russia, and Lithuania...
and Greater Poland. The increasing and close cooperation with his father resulted in the official nomination of Henry as co-ruler with his father in 1234. After that came a formal separation of powers: Henry the Bearded was styled as Duke of Krakow and Silesia, and Henry as Duke of Silesia and Greater Poland. However, his sole reign had to wait until the death of Henry the Bearded on 19 March 1238.
Reign Alone
Although at the time of his father's death Henry II was about forty-years-old, he took possession of his inheritance with some complications. Actually, the first problem was the issue of his succession. The strong authority of High Duke Henry I the Bearded could secure hereditary rule in his bloodline only over Lower Silesia. Southern Greater Poland and the Seniorate Province at Kraków were ruled by election among the Piast princes, although there existed a testament of the late Duke of Greater Poland and Kraków, Władysław III Spindleshanks, who had left all his lands to Henry I the Bearded. However, the will was ignored by Duke Konrad of Masovia and Władysław's III nephew Władysław Odonic.Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia. Since the 9th century, Upper Silesia has been part of Greater Moravia, the Duchy of Bohemia, the Piast Kingdom of Poland, again of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the Holy Roman Empire, as well as of...
n Duchy of Opole-Raciborz and the Duchy of Sandomierz, Henry could retain his authority as a regent during the minority of their rulers Mieszko II the Fat
Mieszko II the Fat
Mieszko II the Fat was a Duke of Opole-Racibórz since 1230 until his death, and Duke of Kalisz-Wieluń during 1234–1239 ....
and Bolesław V the Chaste. Nevertheless one year later (1239) Henry was compelled to resign the regency, although he remained on good terms with the Dukes of Opole and Sandomierz and also managed to retain Greater Polish Kalisz
Kalisz
Kalisz is a city in central Poland with 106,857 inhabitants , the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostrów Wielkopolski and Nowe Skalmierzyce...
and Wieluń
Wielun
Wieluń is a city in central Poland with 24,347 inhabitants . Situated in the Łódź Voivodeship , it was previously in Sieradz Voivodeship .- History :...
.
The situation in the northwest was more complicated: Margrave Otto III of Brandenburg
Margraviate of Brandenburg
The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg , it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe....
, using the death of Henry the Bearded as a pretext, took the important Greater Polish fortress at Santok
Santok
Santok is a village in Gorzów County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Santok. It is located at the confluence of the Noteć and Warta rivers, approximately east of Gorzów Wielkopolski...
and besieged Lubusz
Lebus
Lebus is a town in the southeast of the Märkisch-Oderland District in Brandenburg, Germany. It had a population of 3,375 as of 2005. It was the center of the historical region known as Lubusz Land.-Location:...
. As well as this, Henry II also inherited from his father the disputes with Konrad of Masovia and Władysław Odonic and with the Church, led by Pełka, Archbishop of Gniezno, who claimed the benefits promised by Henry I the Bearded. Fortunately for Henry II, the situation changed unexpectedly after the death of Władysław Odonic on 5 June 1239, leaving two minor sons, Przemysł I and Bolesław the Pious. Using these circumstances, the Silesian Duke took the majority of Odonic's possessions (including Gniezno
Gniezno
Gniezno is a city in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of Poznań, inhabited by about 70,000 people. One of the Piasts' chief cities, it was mentioned by 10th century A.D. sources as the capital of Piast Poland however the first capital of Piast realm was most likely Giecz built around...
), leaving to Odonic's sons Nakło nad Notecią and Ujście
Ujscie
Ujście is a town in Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,888 inhabitants ....
.
Henry's next moves, however, were dangerous: he abandoned the traditional alliance of his family with the Imperial House of Hohenstaufen and supported Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was pope from March 19, 1227 to August 22, 1241.The successor of Pope Honorius III , he fully inherited the traditions of Pope Gregory VII and of his uncle Pope Innocent III , and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy.-Early life:Ugolino was...
, which immediately finished his disputes with the Church. Then, to end his conflicts with Konrad of Masovia, Henry arranged the marriages of two of his daughters to two of Konrad's sons: the eldest, Gertrude, to Bolesław
Bolesław I of Masovia
Boleslaw I of Masovian was a member of the House of Piast. He was the eldest son of Konrad I of Masovia and his wife Agafia of Rus.He was the Duke of Sandomierz from 1229 to 1232...
, and the second, Constance
Constance of Wrocław
Constance of Wrocław was a Princess of Silesia and the Duchess of Kuyavia. She was a member of the House of Piast...
, to Casimir I of Kuyavia
Casimir I of Kuyavia
Casimir I of Kuyavia was Prince of Kujawy, Mazovia and Wielkopolska, from 1233 until his death. He was the son of Konrad I of Masovia, King of Poland, and his wife Agafia of Rus.- Life :...
. In 1239, Henry II finally lost the Santok fortress occupied by Brandenburg after his defeat in the Battle of Lubusz.
Mongol invasion. Battle of Legnica and Death
It seemed that the most difficult times for Henry were done - but the worst was yet to come. In the East, a new dangerous opponent appeared: the MongolsMongols
Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
, under the leadership of Batu Khan
Batu Khan
Batu Khan was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Ulus of Jochi , the sub-khanate of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. His ulus was the chief state of the Golden Horde , which ruled Rus and the Caucasus for around 250 years, after also destroying the armies...
, who, after the invasion of Rus' chose as the next target the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. Batu Khan rightly recognized that in the event of war with Hungary firstly he had to take control over Poland. So he sent there an army of 10,000 men under the leadership of Lord Orda
Orda Khan
Orda Ichen was a Mongol Khan and military strategist who ruled eastern part of the Ulus of Jochi during the 13th century.-First Khan of the Blue Horde:...
. Already in January 1241 Batu had sent some reconnaissance troops to Lublin
Lublin
Lublin is the ninth largest city in Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 350,392 . Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula river...
and Zawichost
Zawichost
Zawichost is a small town in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland. It is located by the Vistula River in southern Poland, near Sandomierz....
, but the real invasion was launched a month later. In Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland is one of the historical regions of Poland, with its capital in the city of Kraków. It forms the southeastern corner of the country, and should not be confused with the modern Lesser Poland Voivodeship, which covers only a small, southern part of Lesser Poland...
the Mongols didn't have an equal opponent, defeating and killing almost all the Kraków and Sandomierz nobility in the Battle of Tursko (13 February) and the Battles of Tarczek and Chmielnik (18 March) where, among the casualties, were the voivode of Kraków, Włodzimierz and the castellan
Castellan
A castellan was the governor or captain of a castle. The word stems from the Latin Castellanus, derived from castellum "castle". Also known as a constable.-Duties:...
Clement of Brzeźnica. After this all Lesser Poland, including Kraków and Sandomierz, was in the hands of the Mongols.
Henry didn't wait for the promised aid from Western rulers and began to concentrate the surviving Lesser Poland troops and his own Silesian and Greater Poland troops in Legnica
Legnica
Legnica is a town in south-western Poland, in Silesia, in the central part of Lower Silesia, on the plain of Legnica, riverside: Kaczawa and Czarna Woda. Between 1 June 1975 and 31 December 1998 Legnica was the capital of the Legnica Voivodeship. It is currently the seat of the county...
. Europe's rulers, more interested in the struggles between Empire and Papacy, ignored Henry's requests for help. The only foreign troops who joined him were of King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia and the combined forced of both Knights Templar
Knights Templar
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon , commonly known as the Knights Templar, the Order of the Temple or simply as Templars, were among the most famous of the Western Christian military orders...
s and Hospitallers, but at the last moment they stopped their troops close to Legnica, probably fearing that the Christian Army would become an easy prey to the Mongolian troops. The battle took place on 9 April 1241; Henry was defeated and killed in action
Killed in action
Killed in action is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own forces at the hands of hostile forces. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to...
.
The defeat was widely blamed on the European monarchs, especially Emperor Frederick II
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II , was one of the most powerful Holy Roman Emperors of the Middle Ages and head of the House of Hohenstaufen. His political and cultural ambitions, based in Sicily and stretching through Italy to Germany, and even to Jerusalem, were enormous...
and King Béla IV of Hungary
Béla IV of Hungary
Béla IV , King of Hungary and of Croatia , duke of Styria 1254–58. One of the most famous kings of Hungary, he distinguished himself through his policy of strengthening of the royal power following the example of his grandfather Bela III, and by the rebuilding Hungary after the catastrophe of the...
, who refused to help, and the unexpected and humiliating escape from the battle of Henry's Upper Silesian cousin Mieszko II the Fat. There are two descriptions of Henry's death, one submitted by Jan Długosz (today considered dubious), and the second by C. de Brigia in his Historii Tartatorum, which, based on reports of direct witnesses, is now considered more reliable. Fortunately for Poland, the Mongols didn't intend to occupy the country, since shortly afterward they went through Moravia
Moravia
Moravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region...
to Hungary, wanting to connect with the main army of Batu Khan. Henry's naked and decapitated body could only be identified by his wife, thanks to a unique anatomical defect: on his left foot, he had six toes (polydactyly
Polydactyly
Polydactyly or polydactylism , also known as hyperdactyly, is a congenital physical anomaly in humans, dogs, and cats having supernumerary fingers or toes....
), which was confirmed at the opening of his tomb in 1832. Henry was buried in the crypt of the Franciscan Church of Sts. Vincent and Jacob in Wroclaw.
Despite ruling for only three years, Henry remained in the memories of Silesia, Greater Poland and Kraków as the perfect Christian knight and lord, whose brilliant career was stopped by his early death. Upon his death, the line of the Silesian Piasts fragmented into numerous Dukes of Silesia
Duchies of Silesia
The Duchies of Silesia resulted from divisions of the original Duchy of Silesia after 1138.In accordance with the last will and testament of Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth, the Kingdom of Poland was, upon his death in 1138, divided into five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, including...
, who (except for Henry's grandson Henry IV Probus) were no longer able to prevail as Polish High Dukes and subsequent came under the influence of the neighbouring Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia was a country located in the region of Bohemia in Central Europe, most of whose territory is currently located in the modern-day Czech Republic. The King was Elector of Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, whereupon it became part of the Austrian Empire, and...
.
Marriage and issue
By 1218, Henry married Anna (ca. 1204 – 23 June 1265), daughter of King Ottokar I of BohemiaOttokar I of Bohemia
-External links:...
. They had ten children:
- Gertrude (ca. 1218/20 – 23/30 April 1247), married by 1232 to Bolesław I of MasoviaBolesław I of MasoviaBoleslaw I of Masovian was a member of the House of Piast. He was the eldest son of Konrad I of Masovia and his wife Agafia of Rus.He was the Duke of Sandomierz from 1229 to 1232...
. - ConstanceConstance of WrocławConstance of Wrocław was a Princess of Silesia and the Duchess of Kuyavia. She was a member of the House of Piast...
(ca. 1221 – ca. 21 February 1257), married by 1239 to Casimir I of KuyaviaCasimir I of KuyaviaCasimir I of Kuyavia was Prince of Kujawy, Mazovia and Wielkopolska, from 1233 until his death. He was the son of Konrad I of Masovia, King of Poland, and his wife Agafia of Rus.- Life :...
. - Bolesław II the Bald (ca. 1220/25 – 25/31 December 1278).
- MieszkoMieszko, Duke of LubuszMieszko of Lubusz was a Piast Duke of Lubusz during 1241–1242. He was the second son of the Silesian duke Henry II the Pious of Wrocław, by his wife Anne Přemysl, daughter of King Ottokar I of Bohemia.-Life:...
(ca. 1223/27 – 1242). - Henry III the White (1227/30 – 3 December 1266).
- KonradKonrad I, Duke of Silesia-GlogauKonrad I of Głogów was Duke of Głogów from 1251 until his death.He was the fourth son of Henry II the Pious, Duke of Wroclaw, by his wife Anna, daughter of King Ottokar I of Bohemia.-Life:...
(1228/31 – 6 August ca. 1274). - ElizabethElisabeth of WrocławElisabeth of Wrocław , also known as Elisabeth of Poland, was a daughter of Henry II the Pious and his wife Anna of Bohemia . She was a member of the House of Piast and was Duchess of Greater Poland by her marriage.- Family :Elisabeth was the seventh of ten children born to her parents...
(ca. 1232 – 16 January 1265), married in 1244 to Przemysł I of Greater Poland. - Agnes (ca. 1236 – 14 May aft. 1278), Abbess of St.Clara in Trebnitz (aft. 1277).
- Władysław (1237 – 27 April 1270), Chancellor of Bohemia (1256), Bishop of PassauPassauPassau is a town in Lower Bavaria, Germany. It is also known as the Dreiflüssestadt or "City of Three Rivers," because the Danube is joined at Passau by the Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north....
(1265) and Archbishop of SalzburgSalzburg-Population development:In 1935, the population significantly increased when Salzburg absorbed adjacent municipalities. After World War II, numerous refugees found a new home in the city. New residential space was created for American soldiers of the postwar Occupation, and could be used for...
(1265–70). - Hedwig (ca. 1238/41 – 3 April 1318), Abbess of St.Clara in Wrocław.
Ancestry
See also
- History of Poland (966-1385)
- Piast dynastyPiast dynastyThe Piast dynasty was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. It began with the semi-legendary Piast Kołodziej . The first historical ruler was Duke Mieszko I . The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir the Great...
- Dukes of SilesiaDukes of SilesiaThe Dukes of Silesia were the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into 4-5 hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the...
- History of SilesiaHistory of SilesiaSilesia has been inhabited from time immemorial by people of multiple ethnic groups. Germanic tribes were first recorded within Silesia in the 1st century. Slavic White Croats arrived in this territory about the 6th century establishing White Croatia. The first known states in Silesia were those of...