Harburg (quarter)
Encyclopedia
Harburg is a quarter in the homonymous borough (Bezirk) of Hamburg
, Germany. In 2006, the population was 21,193.
. After its dynastic partition in 1267 Harburg was part of the Brunswick-Lunenburgian Principality of Lunenburg (Celle). In 1288 the settlement outside the castle was granted municipal rights and in 1297 town privileges
. The town was then the centre of the Bailiwick of Harburg (Vogtei Harburg).
After Duke Otto
(1495–1549), who co-ruled Lunenburg-Celle with his brother Duke Ernest I the Confessor
, had married a woman unconformable to his rank, he was urged to retire from co-ruling the principality in 1527. Otto could reach an agreement, allowing him and his family to live in Harburg castle and to rule his own precinct, the Bailiwick of Harburg, however, as a fief of Lunenburg-Celle. Thus Harburg became the capital of the Principality of Harburg, which continued to exist under Otto's son, Duke Otto II of Harburg (1528–1603) and grandson Duke William Augustus (1564–1642). With the latter's death the Brunswick-Lunenburgian branch of Harburg was extinct in the male line and the area reunited with Lunenburg-Celle proper.
In 1705 the Lunenburg-Celle line was extinct and the principality inherited by Duke George Louis of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Calenberg)
, ruling the Principality of Calenberg, which managed to be upgraded as Electorate of Brunswick and Lunenburg, colloquially named after its capital Electorate of Hanover, in 1708. In 1714 Prince-Elector George Louis ascended the British throne as George I, ruling Hanover and Britain in personal union
.
During the Great French War
Harburg suffered changing conquests, liberations and occupations, until it was first annexed by Westphalia
(1807), only to be annexed by France
in 1810. Harburg then became the capital of the Canton d'Harbourg within the Arrondissement de Lunebourg of the Département des Bouches-de-l'Elbe
. After the French defeat in 1813 Harburg returned to Hanover, which was upgraded to the Kingdom of Hanover
in 1814. The Hanoveran-British personal union ended in 1837. Hanover, including Harburg, was defeated and annexed by Prussia
in 1866, joining united Germany
in 1871. Since the 19th c. the town was distinguished as Harburg upon Elbe (Harburg an der Elbe or Harburg/Elbe) from the homonymous town in Bavaria
.
With the defeat of Germany and the abdication of the monarchs in Germany in 1918, Prussia became a republic named Free State of Prussia. In 1927 Harburg/Elbe merged with Wilhelmsburg into Harburg-Wilhelmsburg
. On 1 April 1937 Harburg-Wilhelmsburg was disentangled from Prussia – according to the "Greater Hamburg Act" – and ceded to the state of Hamburg
, which on 1 April 1938 incorporated the city into a unitary city state municipality (Einheitsgemeinde), thus abolishing Harburg(-Wilhelmsburg)'s municipal independence dating back to 1288.
, borders with the quarters of Neuland, Gut Moor, Rönneburg
, Wilstorf, Eißendorf
, Heimfeld and Wilhelmsburg (in the district of Mitte
). From this one it is physically separated by the river Elbe
.
Population by year
In 2006 there were 6,738 criminal offences in the quarter (318 crimes per 1000 people).
The quarter is serviced by the rapid transit
system of the city train
with several stations. The Hamburg-Harburg railway station
is also a station for long-distance passenger trains for the German railway company
.
According to the Department of Motor Vehicles (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), 5,148 private cars were registered (246 cars/1000 people) in the quarter.
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
, Germany. In 2006, the population was 21,193.
History
A castle named Horeburg, meaning swamp castle, was probably erected by the counts of Stade, to secure the eastern border of the county. The oldest records mentioning the castle date back to 1133 and 1137. Outside the castle a settlement developed. As to religion Harburg belonged to the Diocese of Verden (till 1648). In 1257 the area became part of the Duchy of Brunswick and LunenburgBrunswick-Lüneburg
The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg , or more properly Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was an historical ducal state from the late Middle Ages until the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, in what is now northern Germany...
. After its dynastic partition in 1267 Harburg was part of the Brunswick-Lunenburgian Principality of Lunenburg (Celle). In 1288 the settlement outside the castle was granted municipal rights and in 1297 town privileges
Town privileges
Town privileges or city rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium.Judicially, a town was distinguished from the surrounding land by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws. Common privileges were related to trading...
. The town was then the centre of the Bailiwick of Harburg (Vogtei Harburg).
After Duke Otto
Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg
Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was the Prince of Lüneburg from 1520 to 1527 and Baron of Harburg from 1527 to 1549.- Life :Otto was born on 24 August 1495 as the eldest son of Henry the Middle and his wife, Margarete of Saxony...
(1495–1549), who co-ruled Lunenburg-Celle with his brother Duke Ernest I the Confessor
Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg , also frequently called Ernest the Confessor, was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and a champion of the protestant cause during the early years of the Protestant Reformation...
, had married a woman unconformable to his rank, he was urged to retire from co-ruling the principality in 1527. Otto could reach an agreement, allowing him and his family to live in Harburg castle and to rule his own precinct, the Bailiwick of Harburg, however, as a fief of Lunenburg-Celle. Thus Harburg became the capital of the Principality of Harburg, which continued to exist under Otto's son, Duke Otto II of Harburg (1528–1603) and grandson Duke William Augustus (1564–1642). With the latter's death the Brunswick-Lunenburgian branch of Harburg was extinct in the male line and the area reunited with Lunenburg-Celle proper.
In 1705 the Lunenburg-Celle line was extinct and the principality inherited by Duke George Louis of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Calenberg)
George I of Great Britain
George I was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 until his death, and ruler of the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698....
, ruling the Principality of Calenberg, which managed to be upgraded as Electorate of Brunswick and Lunenburg, colloquially named after its capital Electorate of Hanover, in 1708. In 1714 Prince-Elector George Louis ascended the British throne as George I, ruling Hanover and Britain in personal union
Personal union
A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states have the same monarch while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct. It should not be confused with a federation which is internationally considered a single state...
.
During the Great French War
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
Harburg suffered changing conquests, liberations and occupations, until it was first annexed by Westphalia
Kingdom of Westphalia
The Kingdom of Westphalia was a new country of 2.6 million Germans that existed from 1807-1813. It included of territory in Hesse and other parts of present-day Germany. While formally independent, it was a vassal state of the First French Empire, ruled by Napoleon's brother Jérôme Bonaparte...
(1807), only to be annexed by France
First French Empire
The First French Empire , also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France...
in 1810. Harburg then became the capital of the Canton d'Harbourg within the Arrondissement de Lunebourg of the Département des Bouches-de-l'Elbe
Bouches-de-l'Elbe
Bouches-de-l'Elbe is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present Germany that survived three years. It is named after the mouth of the river Elbe...
. After the French defeat in 1813 Harburg returned to Hanover, which was upgraded to the Kingdom of Hanover
Kingdom of Hanover
The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic era. It succeeded the former Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg , and joined with 38 other sovereign states in the German...
in 1814. The Hanoveran-British personal union ended in 1837. Hanover, including Harburg, was defeated and annexed by Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
in 1866, joining united Germany
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
in 1871. Since the 19th c. the town was distinguished as Harburg upon Elbe (Harburg an der Elbe or Harburg/Elbe) from the homonymous town in Bavaria
Harburg, Bavaria
Harburg is a town on Bavaria's romantic road with one of the most impressive remaining medieval castles in Germany. It is in the Donau-Ries district.The castle was first mentioned in 1150 and has never been seriously damaged by war...
.
With the defeat of Germany and the abdication of the monarchs in Germany in 1918, Prussia became a republic named Free State of Prussia. In 1927 Harburg/Elbe merged with Wilhelmsburg into Harburg-Wilhelmsburg
Harburg-Wilhelmsburg
Harburg-Wilhelmsburg was a city in the Prussian Province of Hanover briefly in existence from 1927 and 1937, resulting from the merger of the cities of Harburg and Wilhelmsburg. In 1937, Harburg-Wilhelmsburg, along with the cities from the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein, Altona and...
. On 1 April 1937 Harburg-Wilhelmsburg was disentangled from Prussia – according to the "Greater Hamburg Act" – and ceded to the state of Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
, which on 1 April 1938 incorporated the city into a unitary city state municipality (Einheitsgemeinde), thus abolishing Harburg(-Wilhelmsburg)'s municipal independence dating back to 1288.
Geography
In 2006 according to the statistical office of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, the quarter had an area of 3.9 square kilometre. Harburg, situated in the southern side of HamburgHamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
, borders with the quarters of Neuland, Gut Moor, Rönneburg
Ronneburg
Ronneburg may refer to:*Ronneburg, Hesse, a town in Germany*Ronneburg, Thuringia, a town in Germany*Rauna Castle, a former residence of the Archbishop of Riga in modern Latvia...
, Wilstorf, Eißendorf
Eisendorf
Eisendorf is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany....
, Heimfeld and Wilhelmsburg (in the district of Mitte
Hamburg-Mitte
Hamburg-Mitte located in the Free and Hanseatic city of Hamburg, Germany is one of the seven boroughs of Hamburg, covering mostly the urban center of the city of Hamburg. The quarters Hamburg-Altstadt and Neustadt are the historical origin of Hamburg...
). From this one it is physically separated by the river Elbe
Elbe
The Elbe is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It rises in the Krkonoše Mountains of the northwestern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia , then Germany and flowing into the North Sea at Cuxhaven, 110 km northwest of Hamburg...
.
Demographics
In 2006 in the quarter Harburg were living 21,193 people. The population density was . 14.3% were children under the age of 18, and 14.1% were 65 years of age or older. 31.3% were immigrants. 1,619 people were registered as unemployed. In 1999 there were 11,668 households out of which 16% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 55% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 1.76.Population by year
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 |
| 19,000 | 19,202 | 19,672 | 20,069 | 20,405 | 20,151 | 20,382 |
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |
| 20,430 | 20,513 | 20,373 | 20,282 | 20,126 | 19,988 | 20,085 |
| 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 |
| 20,195 | 20,241 | 20,550 | 20,852 | 20,899 | 21,193 |
In 2006 there were 6,738 criminal offences in the quarter (318 crimes per 1000 people).
Health systems
In 2006, 154 physicians in private practice and 16 pharmacies were counted in the Harburg quarter.Transportation
Rapid transit
A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway, metro or metropolitan railway system is an electric passenger railway in an urban area with a high capacity and frequency, and grade separation from other traffic. Rapid transit systems are typically located either in underground tunnels or on...
system of the city train
Hamburg S-Bahn
The Hamburg S-Bahn is a railway network for public rapid mass transit in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Together the S-Bahn, the Hamburg U-Bahn, the AKN railway and the regional railway form the backbone of railway public transport in the city and the surrounding area...
with several stations. The Hamburg-Harburg railway station
Hamburg-Harburg railway station
Hamburg-Harburg or Harburg is one of the four major Hamburg main line railway stations. It is on the main lines to Hanover and Bremen and the Harburg S-Bahn line. It is situated in the quarter Harburg in the Harburg borough in the city of Hamburg, Germany...
is also a station for long-distance passenger trains for the German railway company
Deutsche Bahn
Deutsche Bahn AG is the German national railway company, a private joint stock company . Headquartered in Berlin, it came into existence in 1994 as the successor to the former state railways of Germany, the Deutsche Bundesbahn of West Germany and the Deutsche Reichsbahn of East Germany...
.
According to the Department of Motor Vehicles (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), 5,148 private cars were registered (246 cars/1000 people) in the quarter.
See also
- Hamburg-Harburg station
- Harburg-WilhelmsburgHarburg-WilhelmsburgHarburg-Wilhelmsburg was a city in the Prussian Province of Hanover briefly in existence from 1927 and 1937, resulting from the merger of the cities of Harburg and Wilhelmsburg. In 1937, Harburg-Wilhelmsburg, along with the cities from the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein, Altona and...
- Technical University of Hamburg