Fyodor Dubasov
Encyclopedia
Admiral
Fyodor Vasilyevich Dubasov (July 3 (O.S. June 21), 1845 – July 2 (O.S. June 19), 1912, Saint Petersburg
) was the governor general of Moscow
from November 24, 1905 to July 5, 1906.
Fyodor Dubasov was born into a noble family in Tver
guberniya
. his family had long been associated with the Imperial Russian Navy
. One of his ancestors, Avtonom Dubasov, participated in the capture of a Swedish galley in 1709.
, today’s Naval Academy named after Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
. Fyodor Dubasov participated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 as a minelayer
commander with the Danube Military Flotilla. After the war, he commanded different types of vessels. In 1883-85 he commanded the cruiser Afrika. In 1889 he commanded the cruiser Vladimir Monomakh
and accompanied future Czar Nicholas II on his Asian Voyage
. In 1891 he commanded the battleship Petr Velikyy. he was promoted to rear Admiral in 1893 and Vice Admiral in 1889
In 1897-1899, Fyodor Dubasov was put in charge of the Pacific Ocean Squadron. Under his leadership, the squadron took control over Port Arthur
and Dalny as a result of the Triple Intervention
. In 1901-1905, Fyodor Dubasov was appointed chairman of the Naval Technical Committee of the Russian Admiralty
. In June 1905, he was elected a permanent member of the State Defense Council. In 1905 he was the Russian representative on the international committee investigating the Dogger Bank incident
rebellions in Chernigov, Poltava
, and Kursk
guberniyas. Upon becoming the governor general of Moscow, Dubasov openly characterized himself as the "barnburner". Aspiring to set up rigid administrative control at all levels, Fyodor Dubasov submitted memos to the tsar
with suggestions to broaden the powers of governor general and transfer the metropolitan garrison under his control (was refused). On December 6, 1905, Dubasov placed the garrison troops, the police, and gendarmerie
on instant alert. On December 7, he sanctioned the declaration of a state of emergency in Moscow and organized mass arrests. On December 8, Fyodor Dubasov ordered the dispersion of a rally in the Aquarium Garden. On December 9, he sanctioned active involvement of the army, which he had concentrated in the center of Moscow for dynamic response to the unrest. A major part of the army was divided into two units (positioned at the Theatre Square
and the Manege Square
). The reserve echelon was located in the Kremlin
barracks. The government troops occupied the railway stations, State Bank, telegraph, post office, telephone exchange
, and water supply
. Dubasov called upon the city fire brigades and armed night watchmen to assist the army. On December 11, Fyodor Dubasov issued a decree, which made homeowners personally liable for "letting" the insurgents shoot at the government troops from roofs and windows of their houses. With the increase of the number of the arrested, Dubasov ordered to transfer some of the convicts to Petersburg. On December 12–13, he organized large-scale punitive actions against the rioters. As a result, the government troops got the upper hand on December 14. The authorities introduced the curfew
from 21:00 to 7:00 and published a decree forbidding all kinds of meetings. Upon the arrival of the Leib Guards of the Semyonovsky Regiment to Moscow on December 15, Fyodor Dubasov ordered his troops to take control over all the railway stations in the capital (except for the Kursky Rail Terminal
). He sanctioned the use of artillery
for the suppression of the unrest in the Presnya
district. Dubasov turned to the citizens of Moscow with an appeal to seize armed resistance, assist the police, and hand over the rebels. Those involved in the revolt "by deceit or by force" were offered to disarm the militants and take the side of the government troops. On December 19, the insurgency was crushed. On December 20, the Cabinet of Ministers issued funds in the amount of 100,000 ruble
s for Dubasov to distribute among the suffering population. On December 21, Fyodor Dubasov ordered the elimination of the remaining hotbeds of tension. Subsequently, Dubasov introduced a plan for the reorganization of military and civil administration of Moscow and Moscow guberniya. On April 23, 1906, a member of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party
Boris Vnorovsky-Mishchenko attempted the life of Fyodor Dubasov by throwing a bomb under his carriage. The explosion killed Dubasov’s adjutant
and the terrorist himself and wounded the governor general and his coachman.
In July 1906, Fyodor Dubasov was dismissed from the post of the Moscow governor general and appointed a member of the State Council
.
. He died in 1912 and was buried in Alexander Nevsky Lavra
Admiral
Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet . It is usually abbreviated to "Adm" or "ADM"...
Fyodor Vasilyevich Dubasov (July 3 (O.S. June 21), 1845 – July 2 (O.S. June 19), 1912, Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
) was the governor general of Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
from November 24, 1905 to July 5, 1906.
Fyodor Dubasov was born into a noble family in Tver
Tver
Tver is a city and the administrative center of Tver Oblast, Russia. Population: 403,726 ; 408,903 ;...
guberniya
Guberniya
A guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire usually translated as government, governorate, or province. Such administrative division was preserved for sometime upon the collapse of the empire in 1917. A guberniya was ruled by a governor , a word borrowed from Latin ,...
. his family had long been associated with the Imperial Russian Navy
Imperial Russian Navy
The Imperial Russian Navy refers to the Tsarist fleets prior to the February Revolution.-First Romanovs:Under Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich, construction of the first three-masted ship, actually built within Russia, was completed in 1636. It was built in Balakhna by Danish shipbuilders from Holstein...
. One of his ancestors, Avtonom Dubasov, participated in the capture of a Swedish galley in 1709.
Naval Service
In 1870, he graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps in PetersburgSea Cadet Corps (Russia)
The Sea Cadet Corps , occasionally translated as the Marine Cadet Corps or the Naval Cadet Corps, is an educational establishment for training Naval officers for the Russian Navy in Saint Petersburg.It is the oldest existing high school in Russia.-History:...
, today’s Naval Academy named after Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov was a Soviet naval officer who achieved the rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union and served as People's Commissar of the Navy during The Second World War....
. Fyodor Dubasov participated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 as a minelayer
Minelayer
Minelaying is the act of deploying explosive mines. Historically this has been carried out by ships, submarines and aircraft. Additionally, since World War I the term minelayer refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines...
commander with the Danube Military Flotilla. After the war, he commanded different types of vessels. In 1883-85 he commanded the cruiser Afrika. In 1889 he commanded the cruiser Vladimir Monomakh
Russian armoured cruiser Vladimir Monomakh
Vladimir Monomakh was an armoured cruiser built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the 1880s. The vessel was named after Vladimir II Monomakh, Grand Prince of Kiev. She spent most of her career in the Far East, although the ship was in the Baltic Sea when the Russo-Japanese War began in 1904...
and accompanied future Czar Nicholas II on his Asian Voyage
Eastern journey of Nicholas II
The eastern journey of Nicholas II in 1890–1891 was a trip of His Imperial Highness Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich, the future Tsar Nicholas II, around the greater part of the continent of Eurasia....
. In 1891 he commanded the battleship Petr Velikyy. he was promoted to rear Admiral in 1893 and Vice Admiral in 1889
In 1897-1899, Fyodor Dubasov was put in charge of the Pacific Ocean Squadron. Under his leadership, the squadron took control over Port Arthur
Lüshunkou
Lüshunkou is a district in the municipality of Dalian, Liaoning province, China. Also called Lüshun City or Lüshun Port, it was formerly known as both Port Arthur and Ryojun....
and Dalny as a result of the Triple Intervention
Triple Intervention
The was a diplomatic intervention by Russia, Germany, and France on 23 April 1895 over the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki signed between Japan and Qing dynasty China that ended the First Sino-Japanese War.-Treaty of Shimonoseki:...
. In 1901-1905, Fyodor Dubasov was appointed chairman of the Naval Technical Committee of the Russian Admiralty
Russian Admiralty
Admiralty Board was a supreme body for the administration of the Imperial Russian Navy in the Russian Empire, established by Peter the Great on December 12, 1718, and headquartered in the Admiralty building, Saint Petersburg....
. In June 1905, he was elected a permanent member of the State Defense Council. In 1905 he was the Russian representative on the international committee investigating the Dogger Bank incident
Dogger Bank incident
The Dogger Bank incident occurred when the Russian Baltic Fleet mistook some British trawlers at Dogger Bank for an Imperial Japanese Navy force....
Dubasov's role in the Moscow Uprising of 1905
In 1905, Fyodor Dubasov was put in charge of crushing peasantPeasant
A peasant is an agricultural worker who generally tend to be poor and homeless-Etymology:The word is derived from 15th century French païsant meaning one from the pays, or countryside, ultimately from the Latin pagus, or outlying administrative district.- Position in society :Peasants typically...
rebellions in Chernigov, Poltava
Poltava
Poltava is a city in located on the Vorskla River in central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Poltava Oblast , as well as the surrounding Poltava Raion of the oblast. Poltava's estimated population is 298,652 ....
, and Kursk
Kursk
Kursk is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym Rivers. The area around Kursk was site of a turning point in the Russian-German struggle during World War II and the site of the largest tank battle in history...
guberniyas. Upon becoming the governor general of Moscow, Dubasov openly characterized himself as the "barnburner". Aspiring to set up rigid administrative control at all levels, Fyodor Dubasov submitted memos to the tsar
Tsar
Tsar is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism...
with suggestions to broaden the powers of governor general and transfer the metropolitan garrison under his control (was refused). On December 6, 1905, Dubasov placed the garrison troops, the police, and gendarmerie
Gendarmerie
A gendarmerie or gendarmery is a military force charged with police duties among civilian populations. Members of such a force are typically called "gendarmes". The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary describes a gendarme as "a soldier who is employed on police duties" and a "gendarmery, -erie" as...
on instant alert. On December 7, he sanctioned the declaration of a state of emergency in Moscow and organized mass arrests. On December 8, Fyodor Dubasov ordered the dispersion of a rally in the Aquarium Garden. On December 9, he sanctioned active involvement of the army, which he had concentrated in the center of Moscow for dynamic response to the unrest. A major part of the army was divided into two units (positioned at the Theatre Square
Theatre Square
Theatre Square , known as Sverdlov Square between 1919 and 1991, is a city square in Tverskoy District of Moscow, Russia. It's located at the junction of Kuznetsky Bridge Street, Petrovka Street and Theatre Drive .The square is named after the three theatres situated there —...
and the Manege Square
Manege Square
Manezhnaya or Manege Square is a large pedestrian open space at the heart of Moscow bound by the Hotel Moskva to the east, the State Historical Museum and the Alexander Garden to the south, the Moscow Manege to the west, and the 18th-century headquarters of the Moscow State University to the...
). The reserve echelon was located in the Kremlin
Kremlin
A kremlin , same root as in kremen is a major fortified central complex found in historic Russian cities. This word is often used to refer to the best-known one, the Moscow Kremlin, or metonymically to the government that is based there...
barracks. The government troops occupied the railway stations, State Bank, telegraph, post office, telephone exchange
Telephone exchange
In the field of telecommunications, a telephone exchange or telephone switch is a system of electronic components that connects telephone calls...
, and water supply
Water supply
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavours or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes...
. Dubasov called upon the city fire brigades and armed night watchmen to assist the army. On December 11, Fyodor Dubasov issued a decree, which made homeowners personally liable for "letting" the insurgents shoot at the government troops from roofs and windows of their houses. With the increase of the number of the arrested, Dubasov ordered to transfer some of the convicts to Petersburg. On December 12–13, he organized large-scale punitive actions against the rioters. As a result, the government troops got the upper hand on December 14. The authorities introduced the curfew
Curfew
A curfew is an order specifying a time after which certain regulations apply. Examples:# An order by a government for certain persons to return home daily before a certain time...
from 21:00 to 7:00 and published a decree forbidding all kinds of meetings. Upon the arrival of the Leib Guards of the Semyonovsky Regiment to Moscow on December 15, Fyodor Dubasov ordered his troops to take control over all the railway stations in the capital (except for the Kursky Rail Terminal
Kursky Rail Terminal
Kursky Rail Terminal is one of the nine rail terminals in Moscow. It was built in 1896.There are currently plans in the pipeline to completely rebuild or refurbish the Kursky Rail Terminal.-Long distance from Moscow:-Long distance via Moscow:...
). He sanctioned the use of artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
for the suppression of the unrest in the Presnya
Presnya
Presnensky District , commonly called Presnya , is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of Moscow, Russia. Population: The district is home to the Moscow Zoo, White House of Russia, Kudrinskaya Square Skyscraper, Patriarshy Ponds, Vagankovo Cemetery, and Moscow-City financial district...
district. Dubasov turned to the citizens of Moscow with an appeal to seize armed resistance, assist the police, and hand over the rebels. Those involved in the revolt "by deceit or by force" were offered to disarm the militants and take the side of the government troops. On December 19, the insurgency was crushed. On December 20, the Cabinet of Ministers issued funds in the amount of 100,000 ruble
Ruble
The ruble or rouble is a unit of currency. Currently, the currency units of Belarus, Russia, Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria, and, in the past, the currency units of several other countries, notably countries influenced by Russia and the Soviet Union, are named rubles, though they all are...
s for Dubasov to distribute among the suffering population. On December 21, Fyodor Dubasov ordered the elimination of the remaining hotbeds of tension. Subsequently, Dubasov introduced a plan for the reorganization of military and civil administration of Moscow and Moscow guberniya. On April 23, 1906, a member of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party
Socialist-Revolutionary Party
thumb|right|200px|Socialist-Revolutionary election poster, 1917. The caption in red reads "партия соц-рев" , short for Party of the Socialist Revolutionaries...
Boris Vnorovsky-Mishchenko attempted the life of Fyodor Dubasov by throwing a bomb under his carriage. The explosion killed Dubasov’s adjutant
Adjutant
Adjutant is a military rank or appointment. In some armies, including most English-speaking ones, it is an officer who assists a more senior officer, while in other armies, especially Francophone ones, it is an NCO , normally corresponding roughly to a Staff Sergeant or Warrant Officer.An Adjutant...
and the terrorist himself and wounded the governor general and his coachman.
In July 1906, Fyodor Dubasov was dismissed from the post of the Moscow governor general and appointed a member of the State Council
State Council of Imperial Russia
The State Council was the supreme state advisory body to the Tsar in Imperial Russia.-18th century:Early Tsars' Councils were small and dealt primarily with the external politics....
.
Later life
Dubasov retired to Saint Petersburg in poor health as a result of his injuries. He was involved in building the Church of the Saviour on the Waters in St Petersburg in memory of the Russian sailors killed in the Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was "the first great war of the 20th century." It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea...
. He died in 1912 and was buried in Alexander Nevsky Lavra
Alexander Nevsky Lavra
Saint Alexander Nevsky Lavra or Saint Alexander Nevsky Monastery was founded by Peter I of Russia in 1710 at the eastern end of the Nevsky Prospekt in St. Petersburg supposing that that was the site of the Neva Battle in 1240 when Alexander Nevsky, a prince, defeated the Swedes; however, the battle...