Fredrikstad
Encyclopedia
Municipalities of Norway
Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties , and 430 municipalities...
in Østfold
Østfold
is a county in southeastern Norway, bordering Akershus and southwestern Sweden , while Buskerud and Vestfold is on the other side of the bay. The seat of the county administration is Sarpsborg, and Fredrikstad is the largest city.Many manufacturing facilities are situated here. Moss and...
county
Counties of Norway
Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties . The counties form the primary first-level subdivisions of Norway and are further divided into 430 municipalities...
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad.
The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by King Frederik II
Frederick II of Denmark
Frederick II was King of Denmark and Norway and duke of Schleswig from 1559 until his death.-King of Denmark:Frederick II was the son of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. Frederick II stands as the typical renaissance ruler of Denmark. Unlike his father, he...
, and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt
Formannskapsdistrikt
Formannskapsdistrikt was the name for a Norwegian local self-government districts put into force in 1838. This system of municipality was created in a bill approved by the Storting and signed into law by King Carl Johan on 14 January 1837...
). The rural municipality of Glemmen
Glemmen
Glemmen is a parish and former municipality with the city of Fredrikstad, Østfold county, Norway.-History:The parish of Glemminge was established as a municipality 1 January 1838 . A part of Glemmen with 2,013 inhabitants was moved to Fredrikstad 1 January 1867...
was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities of Borge
Borge, Østfold
Borge is a parish and former municipality in Østfold county, Norway.-History:The parish of Borge was established as a municipality January 1, 1838 . The district of Torsnes was separated from Borge as a municipality of its own January 1, 1910. The split left Borge with a population of 6,466...
, Onsøy
Onsøy
Onsøy is a peninsula and a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre was Gressvik.-History:The parish of Onsø was established as a municipality January 1, 1838...
, Kråkerøy
Kråkerøy
Kråkerøy is an island and a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway.The island of Kråkerøy was separated from Glemmen as a municipality of its own January 1, 1908. At that time Kråkerøy had a population of 3,311. The rural municipality was merged with the city of Fredrikstad January 1, 1994...
, and Rolvsøy
Rolvsøy
Rolvsøy is an island and a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway.It was created by a split from Tune on 1 January 1911. At that time Rolvsøy had a population of 2,381. On 1 January 1994 Rolvsøy was incorporated into the municipality of Fredrikstad, the neighboring municipality to the south...
were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994.
The city straddles the river
River
A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water. Small rivers may also be called by several other names, including...
Glomma
Glomma
The Glomma or Glåma is the longest and largest river in Norway. The long river has a drainage basin that covers a full 13% of Norway's area, all in the southern part of Norway.-Geography:...
where it meets the Skagerrak
Skagerrak
The Skagerrak is a strait running between Norway and the southwest coast of Sweden and the Jutland peninsula of Denmark, connecting the North Sea and the Kattegat sea area, which leads to the Baltic Sea.-Name:...
. Along with neighboring Sarpsborg
Sarpsborg
is a city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg.Sarpsborg is part of the fifth largest urban area in Norway when paired with neighbouring Fredrikstad...
, Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway: Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg
Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg
Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg is an urban area consisting of the twin cities Sarpsborg and Fredrikstad, in addition to several smaller towns in between and on the outside of the core of the cities....
. As of 1 January 2008, according to Statistics Norway
Statistics Norway
Statistics Norway is the Norwegian statistics bureau. It was established in 1876.Relying on a staff of about 1,000, Statistics Norway publish about 1,000 new statistical releases every year on its web site. All releases are published both in Norwegian and English...
, these two municipalities have a total population of 123,029 with 71,976 in Fredrikstad and 51,053 in Sarpsborg.
Fredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement after Sarpsborg (15 km upstream) was burned down by the Swedes. Almost half the population of Sarpsborg stayed behind, and rebuilt their old town at its original site.
The city centre is on the west bank of the Glomma, while the old town on the east bank is Northern Europe
Northern Europe
Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Northern Europe typically refers to the seven countries in the northern part of the European subcontinent which includes Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland and Sweden...
's best preserved fortified town
Fredrikstad Fortress
Fredrikstad fortress was a fortification in Fredrikstad, Norway. It was the base of the Østfold Regiment, with defence related responsibilities for the east side of Oslo Fjord.-History:...
.
Fredrikstad used to have a large sawmill industry and was an important harbour for timber
Timber
Timber may refer to:* Timber, a term common in the United Kingdom and Australia for wood materials * Timber, Oregon, an unincorporated community in the U.S...
export, then later on shipbuilding
Shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and floating vessels. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to before recorded history.Shipbuilding and ship repairs, both...
, until the main yard was closed in the 1980s. The main industries
Industry
Industry refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy.-Industrial sectors:There are four key industrial economic sectors: the primary sector, largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector, involving refining, construction,...
are currently various chemical
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
plants and other light industry.
In 2005, Fredrikstad was the final host port for the Tall Ships' Race, attracting thousands to the city.
Name
The city was named after the DanishDenmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
king Frederik II in 1569. The last element stad means "city
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
".
Prior to 1877, the name was spelled Frederiksstad, then from 1877-1888 it was written as Fredriksstad, and finally since 1889 it has been spelled in its current form: Fredrikstad.
Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-armsCoat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
is from modern times. They were granted on 21 April 1967. The old arms are based on the oldest known seal of the city, which dates from 1610. They showed a fortress being guarded by a bear
Bear
Bears are mammals of the family Ursidae. Bears are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans, with the pinnipeds being their closest living relatives. Although there are only eight living species of bear, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Northern...
. Strangely, Fredrikstad had no fortifications in 1610 (it received some at the end of the 17th century). Fredrikstad was founded by citizens of Sarpsborg and both the fortress and the bear are taken from the old arms of Sarpsborg. The composition of the seal was also used as arms since the beginning of the 19th century. The new arms were granted at the 400th anniversary of the city in 1967 and show a more modern variation on the fortress and bear.
History
After SarpsborgSarpsborg
is a city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg.Sarpsborg is part of the fifth largest urban area in Norway when paired with neighbouring Fredrikstad...
was burned to the ground during the Northern Seven Years' War
Northern Seven Years' War
The Northern Seven Years' War was the war between Kingdom of Sweden and a coalition of Denmark–Norway, Lübeck and the Polish–Lithuanian union, fought between 1563 and 1570...
, the ruling king, Frederik II of Denmark, decided by royal decree to rebuild the city 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of the original location. This new site's proximity to the sea and the accessible open land surrounding it made it a better location than the old one. The name Fredrikstad was first used in a letter from the King dated 6 February 1569. The temporary fortification built during the Hannibal War
Hannibal War
The Torstenson war, Hannibal controversy or Hannibal War was a short period of conflict between Sweden and Denmark–Norway which occurred in 1643 to 1645 during the waning days of the Thirty Years' War...
(1644–1645) between Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
and Denmark-Norway, became permanent in the 1660s.
The work on the fortifications was first led by William de Coucheron and later Johan Caspar von Cicignon
Johan Caspar von Cicignon
Johan Caspar von Cicignon was a Luxembourg born soldier and military engineer who spent most of his career in the service of Denmark–Norway...
. During the next 60 years, several fortifications at the Fredrikstad Fortress
Fredrikstad Fortress
Fredrikstad fortress was a fortification in Fredrikstad, Norway. It was the base of the Østfold Regiment, with defence related responsibilities for the east side of Oslo Fjord.-History:...
were built, including Isegran, Kongsten, and Cicignon. In 1735, a suburb
Suburb
The word suburb mostly refers to a residential area, either existing as part of a city or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city . Some suburbs have a degree of administrative autonomy, and most have lower population density than inner city neighborhoods...
on the western side of Glomma, Vestsiden, was founded. This part later grew faster than
the old city, and became the dominant city centre. Most of the buildings in the old city burned down during a fire in 1764.
In the 1840s, timber exporting from Fredrikstad started to gain momentum. In the 1860s, several steam powered saws were built along the river, and in 1879 the railway reached Fredrikstad, leading to further growth. With the decline of the timber exports as a result of the modernization of wood-processing industries in the early 1900s, Fredrikstad's production changed to other types of products. It later became one of Norway's most important industrial centres, famous for its large shipyard
Shipyard
Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance and basing activities than shipyards, which are sometimes associated more with initial...
, Fredrikstad Mekaniske Verksted.
Administrative divisions
Fredrikstad has five official administrative regions: SentrumSentrum (borough, Fredrikstad)
Sentrum is an administrative region in the city of Fredrikstad, Norway. The name "Sentrum" means central, but the region itself includes several areas far away from the city centre itself. Neighbourhoods in Sentrum are: The city centre, Trosvik, Trara, Cicignon, Lisleby and Ambjørnrød....
, Borge
Borge (borough)
Borge is an administrative region in the city of Fredrikstad, Norway. Selbak, Torp, Gamlebyen and Begby are neighbourhoods in the region....
, Rolvsøy
Rolvsøy
Rolvsøy is an island and a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway.It was created by a split from Tune on 1 January 1911. At that time Rolvsøy had a population of 2,381. On 1 January 1994 Rolvsøy was incorporated into the municipality of Fredrikstad, the neighboring municipality to the south...
, Kråkerøy
Kråkerøy (borough)
The borough of Kråkerøy is an administrative region in Fredrikstad, Norway....
, and Onsøy
Onsøy
Onsøy is a peninsula and a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre was Gressvik.-History:The parish of Onsø was established as a municipality January 1, 1838...
.
Fredrikstad Museum
Fredrikstad Museum is located in Old Fredrikstad. The museum shows the history of the city and the surrounding region. The museum also manages Elingaard Manor in Onsøy and Torgauten Fort. Fredrikstad Museum was founded in 1903. Since 2003, the museum's management has been located in Tøihuset in Old Town.Sport
Fredrikstad is home to nine time Norwegian football champions Fredrikstad FK who play at the Nye Fredrikstad Stadion.Notable residents
- Waldemar AgerWaldemar AgerWaldemar Ager , was a Norwegian-American newspaperman and author.-Early life:...
, Norwegian-American writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images.... - Roald AmundsenRoald AmundsenRoald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led the first Antarctic expedition to reach the South Pole between 1910 and 1912 and he was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. He is also known as the first to traverse the Northwest Passage....
, explorer of polar regionPolar regionEarth's polar regions are the areas of the globe surrounding the poles also known as frigid zones. The North Pole and South Pole being the centers, these regions are dominated by the polar ice caps, resting respectively on the Arctic Ocean and the continent of Antarctica...
s - Petronella BarkerPetronella BarkerPetronella Barker is a British-born Norwegian actress. She was born in Colchester, England, but grew up in Fredrikstad, Norway. While still studying at the Theatre Academy in Oslo , she had her debut in the Russian-Norwegian co-production Dragens fange...
, Norwegian actress - Rebecca Birget Certa, International Academic and Member of United States CongressUnited States CongressThe United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C....
- Jørn ChristensenJørn ChristensenJørn Christensen is a Norwegian artist, actor, and record producer. He is known as a prominent and original guitarist of many leading Norwegian bands. Some of the more important projects have been those in conjunction with Ola Snortheim, the force behind Langsomt Mot Nord, which Christensen came...
, Norwegian artistArtistAn artist is a person engaged in one or more of any of a broad spectrum of activities related to creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse is a practitioner in the visual arts only...
and producer. - Colin CoatesColin CoatesColin Victor Coates is a former ice speed skater from Australia, who represented his native country in – a record – six consecutive Winter Olympics, starting in 1968 in Grenoble, France....
, International Speed Skating Olympian Speed SkatingSpeed skatingSpeed skating, or speedskating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in traveling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating...
. - Johan Caspar von CicignonJohan Caspar von CicignonJohan Caspar von Cicignon was a Luxembourg born soldier and military engineer who spent most of his career in the service of Denmark–Norway...
, General, engineer and city planner - Johannes Wilhelm Christian DietrichsonJohannes Wilhelm Christian DietrichsonJohannes Wilhelm Christian Dietrichson was a Norwegian Lutheran minister who played an important role in the initial establishment of the Lutheran Church in Wisconsin.-Personal life:...
, Lutheran Minister - Tarik ElyounoussiTarik ElyounoussiTarik Elyounoussi is a Norwegian footballer playing for Norwegian Tippeligaen club Fredrikstad .-Career:...
, male footballer (soccer), playing for Fredrikstad FK and the Norwegian national team - Albert Andriessen BradtAlbert Andriessen BradtAlbert Andriessen Bradt was one of the earliest Norwegian settlers in New Netherland. In the early records he is often referred to as Albert Noorman .-Biography:...
, Norwegian-American settler in New NetherlandNew NetherlandNew Netherland, or Nieuw-Nederland in Dutch, was the 17th-century colonial province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands on the East Coast of North America. The claimed territories were the lands from the Delmarva Peninsula to extreme southwestern Cape Cod... - Stephan GrothStephan GrothStephan Groth is the man behind Apoptygma Berzerk, an electronic dance music act that plays in styles such as synthpop, ebm, and futurepop...
, lead singer and founder of Apoptygma Berzerk singer - Ragnvald Marensius GundersenRagnvald Marensius GundersenRagnvald Marensius Gundersen was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.He was born in Glemminge....
, member of Parliament and mayor of Fredrikstad 1945-1965 - Hans Nielsen HaugeHans Nielsen HaugeHans Nielsen Hauge was a noted revivalist Norwegian lay minister who spoke up against the Church establishment in Norway. Hauge is considered an influential personality in the industrialization of Norway...
, revivalist Norwegian preacher for the Hauge SynodHauge SynodThe Hauge Synod, was the name of a Norwegian Lutheran church body in the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century.-Background:... - Herman HeblerHerman HeblerHerman Hebler was a Norwegian printer] and graphic artist who lived in Fredrikstad. Hebler's works were displayed on many important graphic biennials and triennials. He won a number of awards in Norway and abroad....
, Norwegian printmakerPrintmakingPrintmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper. Printmaking normally covers only the process of creating prints with an element of originality, rather than just being a photographic reproduction of a painting. Except in the case of monotyping, the process is capable...
and graphic artist - Herman Mikkelsen
- Isabell HerlovsenIsabell HerlovsenIsabell Lehn Herlovsen is a German-born Norwegian football player who is currently playing for LSK Kvinner FK after being released from her contract with French club Olympique Lyonnais of the Division 1 Féminine...
, female footballer(soccer) in the Norway national team. - Andy LaPleguaAndy LaPleguaAndy LaPleguaa, born September 15, 1975 in Fredrikstad, Norway, is a musician originally known for being founder and lead vocalist of the futurepop band Icon of Coil...
, Industrial Artist, CombichristCombiChristCombichrist is a Norwegian Aggrotech band formed in 2003 by Norwegian Andy LaPlegua based in Atlanta.-Formation:The first material LaPlegua wrote was a few powernoise/techno crossover tracks under the moniker DRIVE...
, Icon of CoilIcon of CoilIcon of Coil is a Norwegian electronic music band. The band was established as a solo project in 1997 by Andy LaPlegua who was joined by former Sector 9 bandmate Sebastian Komor to perform live. With the release of Shallow Nation, the band's first single, Komor joined full-time. In 2000, Christian...
, Panzer AGPanzer AGPanzer AG is the name of an aggrotech/industrial rock side-project by Norwegian Andy LaPlegua, the founder of futurepop band Icon of Coil. Formed in 2004, Panzer AG's sound combines Power noise, Industrial, Trance, Rock and other genres to create a caustic but danceable form of music.-History:After...
, DJ Scandy, Thorvald Brudvik - Katti Anker MøllerKatti Anker MøllerKatti Anker Møller was a Norwegian feminist, children's rights advocate, and a pioneer of reproductive rights. She is known to posterity as the "advocate of mothers."...
, feminist and advocate for reproductive rights - Egil «Drillo» OlsenEgil OlsenEgil Roger Olsen , nicknamed Drillo, is a Norwegian association football manager and former Norwegian football player. He is best known as a highly successful coach of the Norwegian national football team. He has since been coach of the Iraqi national football team, his departure from which caused...
, successful manager of Norwegian national football team. - Ole Peter PetersenOle Peter PetersenOle Peter Petersen is credited as the founder of Methodism in Norway and co-founder of Norwegian and Danish Methodism in the United States....
, founder of MethodismMethodismMethodism is a movement of Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations, claiming a total of approximately seventy million adherents worldwide. The movement traces its roots to John Wesley's evangelistic revival movement within Anglicanism. His younger brother...
in Norway - Johan Oscar SmithJohan Oscar SmithJohan Oscar Smith was a Norwegian Christian leader who founded the evangelical non-denominational fellowship now known as Brunstad Christian Church.-Early life and career:...
, Norwegian Christian leader and founder of Brunstad Christian Church - Dennis StorhøiDennis StorhøiJahn Dennis Storhøi is a Norwegian actor.-Biography:He is an acclaimed theatre actor in Norway, having won several awards. However, he is best known for his role as Herger the Joyous in John McTiernan's The 13th Warrior...
, Norwegian actor - Harald ZwartHarald ZwartHarald Zwart is a Norwegian film director.Although born in the Netherlands, Zwart was raised in Fredrikstad in Norway. As early as age eight, he started making short films. He attended the Dutch Film Academy in Amsterdam where he received great acclaim for his student film Gabriel's Surprise...
, Norwegian film directorFilm directorA film director is a person who directs the actors and film crew in filmmaking. They control a film's artistic and dramatic nathan roach, while guiding the technical crew and actors.-Responsibilities:... - Bernt Karsten Øksendal, Norwegian mathematicianMathematicianA mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
- Jon MostadJon MostadJon Mostad is a composer from Fredrikstad, Norway. He received the Norwegian state three year scholarship for artists from 1982 until 1984.-Musical style:...
, norwegian composerComposerA composer is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media...
Twin towns — sister cities
The following cities are twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with Fredrikstad:
| City | Region | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Aalborg Aalborg -Transport:On the north side of the Limfjord is Nørresundby, which is connected to Aalborg by a road bridge Limfjordsbroen, an iron railway bridge Jernbanebroen over Limfjorden, as well as a motorway tunnel running under the Limfjord Limfjordstunnelen.... |
 North Denmark Region |
 Denmark |
| Húsavík Húsavík Húsavík is a town in Norðurþing municipality on the north coast of Iceland on the shores of Skjálfandi bay with 2,237 inhabitants.-Overview:The income of the inhabitants is derived from tourism and fishing, as well as retail and small industry... |
 Suður-ÞingeyjarsýslaSuður-Þingeyjarsýsla Suður-Þingeyjarsýsla is a county of Iceland. It is located in the Norðurland eystra region of the country.... |
Iceland |
| Kotka Kotka Kotka is a town and municipality of Finland. Its former name is Rochensalm.Kotka is located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland at the mouth of Kymi River and it is part of the Kymenlaakso region in southern Finland. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is water.... |
 KymenlaaksoKymenlaakso Kymenlaakso is a region in Finland. It borders to the regions Uusimaa, Päijänne Tavastia, Southern Savonia, and South Karelia.- Historical provinces :For history, geography and culture see: Uusimaa , Karelia- Municipalities :... |
 Finland |
| Karlskoga Karlskoga Municipality Karlskoga Municipality is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Karlskoga.... |
Örebro Örebro County Örebro County is a county or län in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Västra Götaland, Värmland, Dalarna, Västmanland, Södermanland and Östergötland.- Province :... |
 Sweden |
| Patzún Patzún Patzún is a municipality in the Chimaltenango department of Guatemala.-External links:*http://www.patzun.gob.gt/portal/... |
 Chimaltenango |
Guatemala |
| San Martín Jilotepeque San Martín Jilotepeque San Martín Jilotepeque is a municipality in the Chimaltenango department of Guatemala.-See also:Chajoma... |
Chimaltenango |
Guatemala |
| Zhuzhou Zhuzhou Zhuzhou , formerly Jianning, is a city in Hunan Province, China, southeast of Changsha beside the Xiangjiang River. It is part of the "ChangZhuTan Golden Triangle"... |
 HunanHunan ' is a province of South-Central China, located to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting... |
Mainland China |
Literature
- Aschehougs Konversasjonsleksikon, Bind 7. H. Aschehoug & Co, Oslo, 1969.
External links
- Municipal fact sheet from Statistics NorwayStatistics NorwayStatistics Norway is the Norwegian statistics bureau. It was established in 1876.Relying on a staff of about 1,000, Statistics Norway publish about 1,000 new statistical releases every year on its web site. All releases are published both in Norwegian and English...