Faheem Hussain
Encyclopedia
Faheem Hussain (D.Phil.
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...

), was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and a professor of physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...

 at the Lahore University of Management Sciences
Lahore University of Management Sciences
The Lahore University of Management Sciences, usually referred to by its acronym LUMS, is a university located in Lahore, Pakistan. LUMS was established in 1984 by a group of industrialists and people belonging to Pakistan's leading private and public sector corporations, to provide rigorous...

 (LUMS). A research scientist in the field of Superstring theory
Superstring theory
Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modelling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings...

 at the National Center for Physics, Hussain made contributions to the fields of Superstring theory
Superstring theory
Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modelling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings...

 and string theory
String theory
String theory is an active research framework in particle physics that attempts to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity. It is a contender for a theory of everything , a manner of describing the known fundamental forces and matter in a mathematically complete system...

. He was the first Pakistani physicist to be publish a research paper in the field of superstring theory. A prominent social activist and democratic activist, he has authored various scientific research papers in peer-reviewed journals.

Education and early life

Faheem Hussain was born in Yavatmal
Yavatmal
Yavatmal is a city and municipal council of the Yavatmal district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The name derives from the Marathi Yavat and mal .-Demographics:yavatmal ,district in Amravati administrative division....

, Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...

, British India in 1942. His family moved to West Pakistan
West Pakistan
West Pakistan , common name West-Pakistan , in the period between its establishment on 22 November 1955 to disintegration on December 16, 1971. This period, during which, Pakistan was divided, ended when East-Pakistan was disintegrated and succeeded to become which is now what is known as Bangladesh...

 shortly before Partition on 14 August 1947. He graduated from St. Anthony's High School, Lahore, in 1955 and then enrolled in Forman Christian College
Forman Christian College
Forman Christian College University, or FCCU, is a chartered university in Lahore, Pakistan, named after its American-born founder, Dr. Charles William Forman.- History :...

.
After receiving his double B.Sc.
Bachelor of Science
A Bachelor of Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years .-Australia:In Australia, the BSc is a 3 year degree, offered from 1st year on...

 with honors in Mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...

 and Physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...

 from Forman Christian College
Forman Christian College
Forman Christian College University, or FCCU, is a chartered university in Lahore, Pakistan, named after its American-born founder, Dr. Charles William Forman.- History :...

 in 1960, he moved to the Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...

. There, he attended Chelsea College
Chelsea College
Chelsea College may refer to :* Chelsea College * Chelsea College of Art and Design* Chelsea College of Science and Technology* Chelsea Independent College * Kensington and Chelsea College...

, London, and completed another B.S. (hons) in physics in 1963. He attended Imperial College, London where a prominent and illustrious physicist Abdus Salam was also teaching. He began working with Abdus Salam's group at the Imperial College. He completed his M.Sc.
Master of Science
A Master of Science is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.-Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay:...

 in physics from Imperial College, London under Abdus Salam, and followed by his Ph.D.
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...

 in Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics which employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena...

 under the supervision of noted theoretical particle physicist Paul Matthews in 1966.

Academic career

In 1966, at the age of 24, Hussain travelled to United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 and joined Enrico Fermi Institute
Enrico Fermi Institute
The Institute for Nuclear Studies was founded September, 1945 as part of the University of Chicago with Samuel King Allison as director. On November 20, 1955 it was renamed The Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies...

, nowadays known as The Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies. During that time, Hussain met with group of Pakistani physicist at the institute, there he founded "The Relativity Group", along with Fayyazuddin
Fayyazuddin
Dr. Prof. Fayyazuddin or , , , is a Pakistani theoretical physicist and an emeritus professor of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics at National Centre for Physics and Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad....

, Riazuddin, and Peter Rotteli. During his stay in the Institute, he served as a assistant professor at the University of Chicago
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1890...

, Illinois. In 1968, Faheem along with "The Relativity Group" scientists, came back to Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

 and joined Quaid-i-Azam University
Quaid-i-Azam University
The Quaid-i-Azam University is a public, research university in Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It was initially founded as the "University of Islamabad" in July 1967...

's Institute of Physics. From 1969 till 1975, Hussain joined the embarking "Theoretical Physics Group" (TPG) and did an extensive research at the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission. In 1976, he joined Quaid-e-Azam University's Physics faculty.

He taught at the Garyounis University
Garyounis University
University of Benghazi , formerly known as the Garyounis University, is a public university in Benghazi, Libya.- History :It is the oldest and first Libyan university. It was founded on 15 December 1955 as The Libyan University...

, Benghazi
Benghazi
Benghazi is the second largest city in Libya, the main city of the Cyrenaica region , and the former provisional capital of the National Transitional Council. The wider metropolitan area is also a district of Libya...

, Libya
Libya
Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....

, from 1977 to 1979. In 1985 Faheem left Pakistan and joined Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron or better known as DESY
DESY
The DESY is the biggest German research center for particle physics, with sites in Hamburg and Zeuthen....

. Prior to this, Faheem moved to Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...

, Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

 and joined European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN
CERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research , known as CERN , is an international organization whose purpose is to operate the world's largest particle physics laboratory, which is situated in the northwest suburbs of Geneva on the Franco–Swiss border...

). He had also been a visiting professor at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
The Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz is a university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg. With approximately 36,000 students in about 150 schools and clinics, it is among the ten largest universities in Germany...

, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

. There, with Juergen Koerner, George Thompson
George Thompson
George Thompson may refer to:*George Thompson , British anti-slavery lecturer and British MP for Tower Hamlets*George Thompson , one of Colorado's earliest aviators...

 and others, he calculated relativistic-wave functions
Relativistic wave equations
Before the creation of quantum field theory, physicists attempted to formulate versions of the Schrödinger equation which were compatible with special relativity...

 for hadrons and used Salam’s formalism to develop a variant of the effective heavy-quark theory. The Mainz group went on to make valuable contributions to the study of heavy baryon decays
Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory
Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory is an effective quantum field theory used to describe the interactions of pions and nucleons/baryons. It is somewhat an extension of Chiral perturbation theory which just describes the low-energy interactions of pions. In a richer theory one would also like...

.

ICTP career

Faheem joined ICTP on the request of Abdus Salam. He worked there as a senior staff scientist at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...

, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

. There, he was originally involved in developing the high energy physics diploma programme, which helps train young graduates from the developing countries to start research in physics. There he was the head of the office of external activities for six years. Of late, he was working in superstring theory
Superstring theory
Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modelling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings...

, the physics of extra dimensions
Extra dimensions
Several speculative physical theories have introduced extra dimensions of space for various reasons:*Kaluza-Klein theory introduces extra dimensions to explain the fundamental forces other than gravity ....

 and non-commutative geometry. Faheem published extensively in the field of theoretical elementary particle physics. He also published articles and papers to solve the science and technology
Science and technology
Science and technology is a term of art used to encompass the relationship between science and technology. It frequently appears within titles of academic disciplines and government offices.-See also:...

 problems in the under develop countries.

Politics

Faheem had deep interest in national and international politics
Politics
Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. The term is generally applied to the art or science of running governmental or state affairs, including behavior within civil governments, but also applies to institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the...

. He was a staunch anti-imperialist, and vociferously protested against the new wave of the savage neo-liberalism religion of the free market
Free market
A free market is a competitive market where prices are determined by supply and demand. However, the term is also commonly used for markets in which economic intervention and regulation by the state is limited to tax collection, and enforcement of private ownership and contracts...

. According to his close associates and friends, Faheem describes himself as "unreconstructed Marxist". During his stay in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. Faheem participated at the mass anti-war
Anti-war
An anti-war movement is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts. Many...

 demonstration at the University of Chicago
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1890...

. As he moved to Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

, Faheem began criticizing Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...

's role in the East Pakistan
East Pakistan
East Pakistan was a provincial state of Pakistan established in 14 August 1947. The provincial state existed until its declaration of independence on 26 March 1971 as the independent nation of Bangladesh. Pakistan recognized the new nation on 16 December 1971. East Pakistan was created from Bengal...

.

However, after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan. Indian, Bangladeshi and international sources consider the beginning of the war to be Operation Chengiz Khan, Pakistan's December 3, 1971 pre-emptive strike on 11 Indian airbases...

, Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto legalized the trade unions in 1970s. Faheem, together with Pervez Hoodbhoy
Pervez Hoodbhoy
Dr. Prof. Pervez Amirali Hoodbhoy , is a Pakistani nuclear physicist, essayist and political-defence analyst. He is the professor of nuclear and high-energy physics, and the head of the Physics Department at the Quaid-e-Azam University . He graduated and also received PhD from MIT and continues to...

, formed the student union
Students' union
A students' union, student government, student senate, students' association, guild of students or government of student body is a student organization present in many colleges and universities, and has started appearing in some high schools...

 movement, the "People Labour Federation" in 1973. The dream of the organization was to bring the "social revolution in Pakistan."

Support for democracy in Pakistan

After the Coup d'état
Coup d'état
A coup d'état state, literally: strike/blow of state)—also known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow—is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either...

 by General Zia, Faheem publicly opposed General Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
On December 2, 1978, General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq delivered a nationwide address on the occasion of the first day of the Hijra calendar. He did this in order to usher in an Islamic system to Pakistan...

 and supported democracy
Democracy
Democracy is generally defined as a form of government in which all adult citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law...

 in his country. Faheem left Pakistan in 1989 and joined ICTP at the request of Abdus Salam.

Return to Pakistan

Faheem Hussain, who was till working at ICTP from 1990, returned to Pakistan. Hussain, at the ICTP, was working as a senior staff scientist, took his retirement and came back to Pakistan in 2004. There, he joined the physics research institute, the National Center for Physics.

Research in physics

Hussain, along with Riazuddin, Fayyazuddin
Fayyazuddin
Dr. Prof. Fayyazuddin or , , , is a Pakistani theoretical physicist and an emeritus professor of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics at National Centre for Physics and Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad....

, and Hamid Saleem, carried out a research on the string theory and published extensively in the field of mathematical physics
Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics refers to development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines this area as: "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and...

. Later, he moved to Lahore and was offered a position at the Lahore University of Management Sciences
Lahore University of Management Sciences
The Lahore University of Management Sciences, usually referred to by its acronym LUMS, is a university located in Lahore, Pakistan. LUMS was established in 1984 by a group of industrialists and people belonging to Pakistan's leading private and public sector corporations, to provide rigorous...

 or LUMS
LUMS
LUMS or lums may refer to:*London Universities Mooting Shield*Lancaster University Management School*Lahore University of Management Sciences*Lum's - A defunct U.S. family restaurant chain*Plural of lum...

's science department. He eventually became a chairperson of the Physics Department at there. The LUMS is nationally and internationally known for its research in theoretical physics and numbers of prominent physicists also teaches there. At LUMS, Hussain began his research in noncommutative geometry and superstring theory. There, he formed a "Mathematical Physics Group" (MPG), the MPG group consists of Pakistan's noted physicists, Asad Naqvi
Asad Naqvi
Professor Asad Naqvi , is a Pakistani Mathematical physicist who specialized in theoretical physics, and superstring theory. He is an Associate Professor of Physics at the School of Science and Engineering of the Lahore University of Management Sciences . Before joining LUMS, he was a lecturer of...

, Tasneem Zehra Hussain, and Amer Iqbal
Amer Iqbal
Amer Iqbal, Ph.D., is a Pakistani theoretical physicist. He is primarily known for his work in string theory and mathematical physics. He is the associate professor of Physics at the School of Science and Engineering at the Lahore University of Management Sciences...

. He there began his work and published articles in the field of Extra dimensions
Extra dimensions
Several speculative physical theories have introduced extra dimensions of space for various reasons:*Kaluza-Klein theory introduces extra dimensions to explain the fundamental forces other than gravity ....

, Noncommutative geometry
Noncommutative geometry
Noncommutative geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with geometric approach to noncommutative algebras, and with construction of spaces which are locally presented by noncommutative algebras of functions...

, and the string theory.

Death

Faheem Hussain was suffering from Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing; however, there are cases of aggressive prostate cancers. The cancer cells may metastasize from the prostate to other parts of the body, particularly...

 in 2009. On the night of September 29, 2009, Hussain was announced dead. His work in physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...

 specially to string theory
String theory
String theory is an active research framework in particle physics that attempts to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity. It is a contender for a theory of everything , a manner of describing the known fundamental forces and matter in a mathematically complete system...

 is far reaching and influence. He made extraordinary contribution in the theoretical physics
Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics which employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena...

. He has been paid tribute by some of his close friends, associates and students.

Pervez Hoodbhoy
Pervez Hoodbhoy
Dr. Prof. Pervez Amirali Hoodbhoy , is a Pakistani nuclear physicist, essayist and political-defence analyst. He is the professor of nuclear and high-energy physics, and the head of the Physics Department at the Quaid-e-Azam University . He graduated and also received PhD from MIT and continues to...

, a professor of nuclear physics
Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those...

 at the Quaid-i-Azam University
Quaid-i-Azam University
The Quaid-i-Azam University is a public, research university in Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It was initially founded as the "University of Islamabad" in July 1967...

 paid a tribute to him and said:

"I think he belonged to the genre of academic intellectuals who believe in changing the world for the better. His research and teaching were instruments of change".

Abdul Hameed Nayyar
Abdul Hameed Nayyar
Abdul Hameed Nayyar is a Pakistani physicist and nuclear activist. He specialized in solid state physics and quantum physics, and quantum mechanics. He was a visiting research scientist at the Princeton University and worked on Renewable Energy and Clean Fuel Program at the Sustainable...

, a former professor of solid state physics at the Qaud-e-Azam University, recalled and said: "Dr. Faheem Hussain was a scholar, a scientist and a revolutionary at the same time". Masud Ahmad
Masud Ahmad
Muhammad Masud Ahmad, Born: 1942, known as Masood Ahmad, D.Phil, Sc.D, SI, HI , is a Pakistani theoretical physicist and ICTP laureate who is renowned for his work in Neutron t scattering...

, a theoretical physicists and PAEC
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, , is an administrative governmental and autonomous science and technology governmental department of Pakistan, responsible for development of nuclear energy and development of nuclear power sector in Pakistan...

 member and a close friend of his, said:

"Faheem Hussain was a multidimensional personality of being an accomplished scientist, an excellent teacher and an ideal role model for the young students who took great pains to direct the energy of the youth to intellectual pursuits".

Asad Naqvi
Asad Naqvi
Professor Asad Naqvi , is a Pakistani Mathematical physicist who specialized in theoretical physics, and superstring theory. He is an Associate Professor of Physics at the School of Science and Engineering of the Lahore University of Management Sciences . Before joining LUMS, he was a lecturer of...

, a professor of mathematical physics
Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics refers to development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines this area as: "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and...

 at the LUMS
LUMS
LUMS or lums may refer to:*London Universities Mooting Shield*Lancaster University Management School*Lahore University of Management Sciences*Lum's - A defunct U.S. family restaurant chain*Plural of lum...

, paid heavy tribute to him and commemorate in few words, and said:

"I am lost after hearing this. I only knew him for about five years, and in that short time, I had grown really fond of him. We are all poorer today, having lost such a lovely person who touched us so deeply".

Research papers

  • The Theoretical Physics Group at Quaid-e-Azam University
  • Hadrons of arbitrary spin and heavy quark symmetry by Faheem Hussain, Thompson, G ; Körner, J G
  • Interactions and dynamics of D-branes / Hussain, F ; Lengo, R ; Núñez, C ; Scrucca, C A
  • Black hole - D-brane correspondence : An example / Bertolini, M ; Fré, P ; Hussain, F ; Iengo, R ; Núñez, C ; Scrucca, Claudio A.
  • Interaction of D-branes on orbifolds and massless particle emission / Hussain, F ; Iengo, R ; Núñez, C ; Scrucca, Claudio A
  • Closed string radiation from moving D-branes / Hussain, F ; Iengo, R ; Núñez, C ; Scrucca, Claudio A
  • Aspects of D-brane dynamics on orbifolds / Hussain, F ; Iengo, R ; Núñez, C ; Scrucca, Claudio A
  • On the form factors of the Ds+ --> + decay / Hussain, F ; Ivanov, A N ; Troitskaya, N I
  • An introduction to the heavy quark effective theory / Hussain, F ; Thompson, G
  • Non-commutative geometry and supersymmetry, 2 / Hussain, F ; Thompson, G

External links

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