Darrell A. Posey
Encyclopedia
Darrell Addison Posey was an American anthropologist and biologist
who vitalized the study of traditional knowledge
of indigenous and folk populations in Brazil and other countries. He called his approach ethnobiology
and combined research with respect for other cultures, especially indigenous intellectual property
rights.
An obituary described him as an "anthropologist who gave up scholarly detachment to fight for the rights of native peoples." He never married and was survived by his parents and brother. He died of a brain tumor, at 53 years of age, in Oxford
, England, where he made his home after 1992.
. From an early age he was a member of the Anglican Church. Educated at Henderson County High School
, he had a biology teacher, Mr. Ned Barra, who encouraged his interest in insects.
, by the Louisiana State University
, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
. He obtained a M.A. in Anthropology
, in 1974, also at the Louisiana State University, with the thesis The Fifth Ward Settlement: A Tri Racial Marginal Group. He obtained a Ph.D. in Anthropology, in 1979, at the University of Georgia
, Athens, Georgia
, with the thesis Ethnoentomology of the Gorotire Kayapó of Central Brazil.
Posey's switch from entomology to anthropology was due to his friendship with anthropology professor William G. Haag at Louisiana State University. This is explained in a memorial by Posey.
Even after his move to anthropology, Posey did not cut his ties with entomology. At the University of Georgia, he was a close associate of entomology professor Murray S. Blum
. Years afterward, he continued to research the ethnobiology of insects, a field he termed "ethnoentomology
" in his 1979 doctoral thesis.
, in Belém
, and the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, in Manaus
.
After his graduate studies, Posey returned to Brazil in 1982, as a professor in the Department of Biology at the Federal University of Maranhão in São Luís, then reorganized under the chairmanship of geneticist
Dr. Warwick E. Kerr. He mounted an interdisciplinary ethnobiological research project, called the Kayapó Project, that would eventually involve over 30 specialists in fields such as agronomy
, botany
, entomology
, plant genetics
, astronomy
, soil sciences, human geography
, anthropology
, and linguistics
. To document the extensive traditional biological knowledge of the Kayapó Indians, Posey and collaborators spent months in the field with Kayapó specialists such as chiefs Uté, Toto-i, Kanhunk, and Paiakan. Pajés Beptopup and Kwyre-ka also offered their experience. Many conferences with scientific and indigenous project participants served to disseminate project results, especially at Brazilian scientific conclaves.
The Kayapó Project continued when Posey relocated in 1986 to the Goeldi Museum
in Belém, Brazil, at the invitation of museum director Dr. Guilherme M. de La Penha. In 1988 he organized the First International Congress of Ethnobiology, in Belém, during which the Kayapó Project and its results were highlighted.
" can be used in an analogous manner.
In the past, anthropology
had been wed to biology in the unholy union of biological determinism
, in which Man
is treated wholly without culture or the ability to learn. Posey reputiated this view and dared to see indigenous and folk societies as the inheritors of a vast corpus of useful knowledge for the sustainable utilization and management of natural resources. As can be seen in his review of Diamond's best-seller Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies in 1999, Posey would have biological determinism laid to rest. After all, where can one find human groups without culture?
, testable hypotheses are generated from information offered by indigenous and folk informants. The emic-etic filter has to be respected, and a decoding of traditional knowledge
is necessary to bridge the two cultures.
Interviews with informants were always unstructured and conducted according to the generative method, specifically designed not to elicit information offered in support of researchers' perceived biases.
rights. One Brazilian weekly news magazine, Veja, referred to him as a "gigolo of the Indians" for his defense of Indians' human and civil rights.
officials of a planned hydro-electric dam on the Xingu River
that would flood Indian lands. The threat of criminal prosecution from the federal government against Posey and the Kayapó chiefs, for interfering in Brazilian foreign affairs, caused a public outcry both in Brazil and abroad.
In February 1989, Darrell helped organize the "First Meeting of the Indigenous Peoples of the Xingu", the first joint meeting of Amazonian tribes to protest the destruction of the forest, in Altamira
, Pará
. This event focussed on hydro-electric dams on the Xingu River and caused these ecologically disastrous projects to be cancelled or at least reformulated. In 2008, however, these once-discarded projects are again being proposed by the Brazilian government, with slightly different packaging.
In 1992, Posey was the main organizer of the Earth Parliament, a parallel event at the United Nations
' Rio de Janeiro
Conference on the Environment (Rio Earth Summit), aimed at valuing indigenous knowledge and rights. The Earth Parliament was a 15-day assembly of indigenous and minority groups held during the 1992 Earth Summit.
major
, the following document was adopted.
, Belém
, Brazil. He was Director of the Programme for Traditional Resource Rights of the Oxford Centre for the Environment, Ethics and Society and a Fellow of Linacre College, at the University of Oxford
. He was Founding President of the International Society for Ethnobiology and was President of the Global Coalition for Bio-Cultural Diversity, under whose auspices he founded the Working Group on Traditional Resource Rights which he coordinated. He was the first recipient of the Sierra Club
's "Chico Mendes
Award for Outstanding Bravery in Defense of the Environment", and in 1993 he received the United Nations
Global 500
Award for "Outstanding Achievement in Service to the Environment."
He had few formal students in Brazil or elsewhere, but his impact as a teacher is remembered by many who later became ethnobiologists. He presented many talks in Brazil and other countries, and his work was featured in several films and videos.
The International Society of Ethnobiology (ISEB) created the "Darrel Posey Fellowship" in order to "promote understanding of peoples' complex and dynamic relationship with their environment, and supports indigenous peoples and local communities working to sustainably manage, and security rights to, their environments and resources. The Darrell Posey fellowship for ethnoecology and traditional resource rights was launched in 2004 with a grant from the Christensen Fund, and is administrated by the International Society of Ethnobiology, of which Darrell Posey was a founder.".
The June 2008 11th International Congress of Ethnobiology in Cusco
, Peru
, will explicitly explore the Darrell A. Posey legacy in a session titled "Ethnobiology and Traditional Resource Rights: Darrell Posey's Legacy." This session will celebrate Darrell Posey's many contributions and influences in the field of ethnobiology over the past several decades, both direct and indirect.
When Western scientists and other academics listen respectfully and learn at the feet of indigenous and traditional leaders, Posey's legacy will become reality.
Biologist
A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work...
who vitalized the study of traditional knowledge
Traditional knowledge
Traditional knowledge , indigenous knowledge , traditional environmental knowledge and local knowledge generally refer to the long-standing traditions and practices of certain regional, indigenous, or local communities. Traditional knowledge also encompasses the wisdom, knowledge, and teachings...
of indigenous and folk populations in Brazil and other countries. He called his approach ethnobiology
Ethnobiology
]Ethnobiology is the scientific study of dynamic relationships between peoples, biota, and environments, from the distant past to the immediate present....
and combined research with respect for other cultures, especially indigenous intellectual property
Indigenous intellectual property
Indigenous intellectual property is an umbrella legal term used in national and international forums to identify indigenous peoples' special rights to claim all that their indigenous groups know now, have known, or will know....
rights.
An obituary described him as an "anthropologist who gave up scholarly detachment to fight for the rights of native peoples." He never married and was survived by his parents and brother. He died of a brain tumor, at 53 years of age, in Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
, England, where he made his home after 1992.
Early life
Darrell A. Posey was born on March 14, 1947, son of Henry and Pearl Posey, in rural Henderson, KentuckyHenderson, Kentucky
Henderson is a city in Henderson County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River in the western part of the state. The population was 27,952 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Evansville Metropolitan Area often referred to as "Kentuckiana", although "Tri-State Area" or "Tri-State" are more...
. From an early age he was a member of the Anglican Church. Educated at Henderson County High School
Henderson County High School
Henderson County High School is the only high school in Henderson County, Kentucky and is among the largest high schools in Kentucky, with more than 2000 students attending grades 9 - 12 each year. More than 100 teachers are employed by the school...
, he had a biology teacher, Mr. Ned Barra, who encouraged his interest in insects.
University studies
In 1970, Posey was graduated with a B.Sc. in EntomologyEntomology
Entomology is the scientific study of insects, a branch of arthropodology...
, by the Louisiana State University
Louisiana State University
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, most often referred to as Louisiana State University, or LSU, is a public coeducational university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The University was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville, Louisiana, under the name...
, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Baton Rouge is the capital of the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is located in East Baton Rouge Parish and is the second-largest city in the state.Baton Rouge is a major industrial, petrochemical, medical, and research center of the American South...
. He obtained a M.A. in Anthropology
Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humanity. It has origins in the humanities, the natural sciences, and the social sciences. The term "anthropology" is from the Greek anthrōpos , "man", understood to mean mankind or humanity, and -logia , "discourse" or "study", and was first used in 1501 by German...
, in 1974, also at the Louisiana State University, with the thesis The Fifth Ward Settlement: A Tri Racial Marginal Group. He obtained a Ph.D. in Anthropology, in 1979, at the University of Georgia
University of Georgia
The University of Georgia is a public research university located in Athens, Georgia, United States. Founded in 1785, it is the oldest and largest of the state's institutions of higher learning and is one of multiple schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States...
, Athens, Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Athens-Clarke County is a consolidated city–county in U.S. state of Georgia, in the northeastern part of the state, comprising the former City of Athens proper and Clarke County. The University of Georgia is located in this college town and is responsible for the initial growth of the city...
, with the thesis Ethnoentomology of the Gorotire Kayapó of Central Brazil.
Posey's switch from entomology to anthropology was due to his friendship with anthropology professor William G. Haag at Louisiana State University. This is explained in a memorial by Posey.
Even after his move to anthropology, Posey did not cut his ties with entomology. At the University of Georgia, he was a close associate of entomology professor Murray S. Blum
Murray S. Blum
Murray S. Blum is an American research entomologist and a noted authority in the field of chemical ecology.- Early life and education :Born in 1929 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Blum grew up in that city and in Chicago, Illinois. He earned his Ph.D. in entomology from the University of Illinois....
. Years afterward, he continued to research the ethnobiology of insects, a field he termed "ethnoentomology
Ethnoentomology
Ethnoentomology is the study of the relationship between insects and people. The name is derived from "ethno" - study of people and "entomology" - study of insects. The focus of ethnoentomology is on how insects have been or are being used in human societies around the world...
" in his 1979 doctoral thesis.
Kayapó studies
Arriving in Brazil in 1976, Posey made lasting friendships with researchers at the Museu Paraense Emílio GoeldiMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
The Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi is a Brazilian research institution and museum located in the city of Belém, state of Pará. It was founded in 1866 by Domingos Soares Ferreira Penna as the Pará Museum of Natural History and Ethnography, and was later named in honor of Swiss naturalist Émil August...
, in Belém
Belém
Belém is a Brazilian city, the capital and largest city of state of Pará, in the country's north region. It is the entrance gate to the Amazon with a busy port, airport and bus/coach station...
, and the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, in Manaus
Manaus
Manaus is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of Amazonas. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. It is the most populous city of Amazonas, according to the statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and is a popular ecotourist destination....
.
After his graduate studies, Posey returned to Brazil in 1982, as a professor in the Department of Biology at the Federal University of Maranhão in São Luís, then reorganized under the chairmanship of geneticist
Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a researcher or lecturer. Some geneticists perform experiments and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of skills. A geneticist is also a Consultant or...
Dr. Warwick E. Kerr. He mounted an interdisciplinary ethnobiological research project, called the Kayapó Project, that would eventually involve over 30 specialists in fields such as agronomy
Agronomy
Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, feed, fiber, and reclamation. Agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. Agronomy is the application of a combination of sciences like biology,...
, botany
Botany
Botany, plant science, or plant biology is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Traditionally, botany also included the study of fungi, algae and viruses...
, entomology
Entomology
Entomology is the scientific study of insects, a branch of arthropodology...
, plant genetics
Plant genetics
Plant genetics is a very broad term. There are many facets of genetics in general, and of course there are many facets to plants.The definition of genetics is the branch of biology that deals with heredity, especially the mechanisms of hereditary transmission and the variation of inherited...
, astronomy
Astronomy
Astronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth...
, soil sciences, human geography
Human geography
Human geography is one of the two major sub-fields of the discipline of geography. Human geography is the study of the world, its people, communities, and cultures. Human geography differs from physical geography mainly in that it has a greater focus on studying human activities and is more...
, anthropology
Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humanity. It has origins in the humanities, the natural sciences, and the social sciences. The term "anthropology" is from the Greek anthrōpos , "man", understood to mean mankind or humanity, and -logia , "discourse" or "study", and was first used in 1501 by German...
, and linguistics
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
. To document the extensive traditional biological knowledge of the Kayapó Indians, Posey and collaborators spent months in the field with Kayapó specialists such as chiefs Uté, Toto-i, Kanhunk, and Paiakan. Pajés Beptopup and Kwyre-ka also offered their experience. Many conferences with scientific and indigenous project participants served to disseminate project results, especially at Brazilian scientific conclaves.
The Kayapó Project continued when Posey relocated in 1986 to the Goeldi Museum
Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
The Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi is a Brazilian research institution and museum located in the city of Belém, state of Pará. It was founded in 1866 by Domingos Soares Ferreira Penna as the Pará Museum of Natural History and Ethnography, and was later named in honor of Swiss naturalist Émil August...
in Belém, Brazil, at the invitation of museum director Dr. Guilherme M. de La Penha. In 1988 he organized the First International Congress of Ethnobiology, in Belém, during which the Kayapó Project and its results were highlighted.
Ethnobiological research
Although the term "ethnobiology" had been used in the past for a different idea, Posey adopted this for his study of indigenous and folk knowledge about plants, animals, and ecosystems. To designate other areas of indigenous and folk knowledge, the term "ethnoscienceEthnoscience
Ethnoscience has been defined as an attempt "to reconstitute what serves as science for others, their practices of looking after themselves and their bodies, their botanical knowledge, but also their forms of classification, of making connections, etc." .-Origins of Ethnoscience:Ethnoscience’s...
" can be used in an analogous manner.
In the past, anthropology
Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humanity. It has origins in the humanities, the natural sciences, and the social sciences. The term "anthropology" is from the Greek anthrōpos , "man", understood to mean mankind or humanity, and -logia , "discourse" or "study", and was first used in 1501 by German...
had been wed to biology in the unholy union of biological determinism
Biological determinism
Biological determination is the interpretation of humans and human life from a strictly biological point of view, and it is closely related to genetic determinism...
, in which Man
Man
The term man is used for an adult human male . However, man is sometimes used to refer to humanity as a whole...
is treated wholly without culture or the ability to learn. Posey reputiated this view and dared to see indigenous and folk societies as the inheritors of a vast corpus of useful knowledge for the sustainable utilization and management of natural resources. As can be seen in his review of Diamond's best-seller Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies in 1999, Posey would have biological determinism laid to rest. After all, where can one find human groups without culture?
Posey's concept
For ethnobiology to be scientificScientific method
Scientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of...
, testable hypotheses are generated from information offered by indigenous and folk informants. The emic-etic filter has to be respected, and a decoding of traditional knowledge
Traditional knowledge
Traditional knowledge , indigenous knowledge , traditional environmental knowledge and local knowledge generally refer to the long-standing traditions and practices of certain regional, indigenous, or local communities. Traditional knowledge also encompasses the wisdom, knowledge, and teachings...
is necessary to bridge the two cultures.
Field research methods
Participant-observation in the field with indigenous and traditional communities was always part of Posey's work plan.Interviews with informants were always unstructured and conducted according to the generative method, specifically designed not to elicit information offered in support of researchers' perceived biases.
Examples from Posey's work
Do the Kayapó Indians manage their natural resources? Do they plant forest islands in the savanna? Do they recognize eco-zones and know what resources are to be found in each? Is their agriculture sustainable? Their hunting? What about their medicine? Does what they know constitute a science?Activism
In his activism, Posey incurred opposition not only from those who would exploit natural resources belonging to Indians but also from scientists and academics who were callous in their disregard for indigenous intellectual propertyIndigenous intellectual property
Indigenous intellectual property is an umbrella legal term used in national and international forums to identify indigenous peoples' special rights to claim all that their indigenous groups know now, have known, or will know....
rights. One Brazilian weekly news magazine, Veja, referred to him as a "gigolo of the Indians" for his defense of Indians' human and civil rights.
Indian lands
Posey's support for indigenous peoples brought him into conflict with the Brazilian government in 1987, when Paiakan and Kube-l, two young Kayapó leaders he was accompanying in Washington, D.C., complained to World BankWorld Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes.The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty...
officials of a planned hydro-electric dam on the Xingu River
Xingu River
The Xingu River , also called Rio Xingu, is a 1,230-mile long, river in north Brazil; it is a southeast tributary of the Amazon River.-Description and history:...
that would flood Indian lands. The threat of criminal prosecution from the federal government against Posey and the Kayapó chiefs, for interfering in Brazilian foreign affairs, caused a public outcry both in Brazil and abroad.
In February 1989, Darrell helped organize the "First Meeting of the Indigenous Peoples of the Xingu", the first joint meeting of Amazonian tribes to protest the destruction of the forest, in Altamira
Altamira
-Places:*Cave of Altamira, a cave in Cantabria, Spain famous for its paintings and carving*Altamira, Brazil, a city in the state of Pará*Altamira, Huila, a town and municipality in Colombia*Altamira, Puerto Plata, a town in the Dominican Republic...
, Pará
Pará
Pará is a state in the north of Brazil. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Roraima. To the northwest it also borders Guyana and Suriname, and to the northeast it borders the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is Belém.Pará is the most populous state...
. This event focussed on hydro-electric dams on the Xingu River and caused these ecologically disastrous projects to be cancelled or at least reformulated. In 2008, however, these once-discarded projects are again being proposed by the Brazilian government, with slightly different packaging.
In 1992, Posey was the main organizer of the Earth Parliament, a parallel event at the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
' Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
Conference on the Environment (Rio Earth Summit), aimed at valuing indigenous knowledge and rights. The Earth Parliament was a 15-day assembly of indigenous and minority groups held during the 1992 Earth Summit.
Biodiversity conservation
For Posey, indigenous knowledge was a key to the sustainable use of natural biotic resources.major
Indigenous intellectual property rights
Like collective rights to land, Indians and other traditional societies have collective intellectual property rights (IPR) to their knowledge. Posey championed the cause of indigenous and folk intellectual property rights during the last decade of his life.Bioethics of ethnobiology
Western society has appropriated indigenous and traditional knowledge without recompensation or even recognition. Posey questioned whether scientific research, even of the most disinterested sort, might not lead to the violation of indigenous intellectual property rights or bio-piracy.Declaration of Belém
During the July 19–24, 1988 International Congress of Ethnobiology, organized by Posey in BelémBelém
Belém is a Brazilian city, the capital and largest city of state of Pará, in the country's north region. It is the entrance gate to the Amazon with a busy port, airport and bus/coach station...
, the following document was adopted.
"Declaration of Belém"
Leading anthropologists, biologists, chemists, sociologists and representatives of several indigenous populations met in to discuss common concerns at the First International Congress of Ethnobiology and to found International Society of ethnobiology. Major concerns outlined by conference contributors were the study of the ways that indigenous and rural populations uniquely perceive, utilize, and manage their natural resources and the development of programs that will guarantee the preservation of vital biological and cultural diversity. This declaration was articulated.
As ethnobiologists, we are alarmed that: SINCE
- Tropical forests and other fragile ecosystems are disappearing;
- Many species, both plant and animal, are threatened with extinction;
- Indigenous cultures around the world are being disrupted and destroyed.
AND GIVEN
- That economic, agricultural and health conditions of people are dependent on these resources;
- That native people have been stewards of 95% of the world's genetic resources, and
- That there is an inextricable link between cultural and biological diversity.
WE, MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ETHNOBIOLOGY STRONGLY URGE ACTIONS AS FOLLOWS:
- Henceforth, a substantial proportion of development aid must be covered to efforts aimed at ehnobiological inventory, conservation, and management programs;
- Mechanisms be established by which indigenous specialists are recognized as proper Authorities and are consulted in all programs affecting them, their resources, and their environments;
- All other inalienable human rights be recognized and guaranteed, including cultural and linguistic identity;
- Procedures must be developed to compensate native peoples for the utilization of their knowledge and their biological resources;
- Educational programs must be implemented to alert the global community to the value of ethnobiological knowledge for human well-being;
- All medical programs include the recognition of and respect for traditional healers and the incorporation of traditional health practices that enhance the health status of these populations;
- Ethnobiologists make available the results of their research to the native peoples with whom they have worked, especially including dissemination in the native language;
- Exchange of information should be promoted among indigenous and rural peoples regarding conservation, management, and sustainable utilization of resources."
Belém, Brazil, July 1988
Legacy
Posey was a full researcher ("Pesquisador Titular") for the Brazilian National Council for Science and Technology at the Goeldi MuseumMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
The Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi is a Brazilian research institution and museum located in the city of Belém, state of Pará. It was founded in 1866 by Domingos Soares Ferreira Penna as the Pará Museum of Natural History and Ethnography, and was later named in honor of Swiss naturalist Émil August...
, Belém
Belém
Belém is a Brazilian city, the capital and largest city of state of Pará, in the country's north region. It is the entrance gate to the Amazon with a busy port, airport and bus/coach station...
, Brazil. He was Director of the Programme for Traditional Resource Rights of the Oxford Centre for the Environment, Ethics and Society and a Fellow of Linacre College, at the University of Oxford
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...
. He was Founding President of the International Society for Ethnobiology and was President of the Global Coalition for Bio-Cultural Diversity, under whose auspices he founded the Working Group on Traditional Resource Rights which he coordinated. He was the first recipient of the Sierra Club
Sierra Club
The Sierra Club is the oldest, largest, and most influential grassroots environmental organization in the United States. It was founded on May 28, 1892, in San Francisco, California, by the conservationist and preservationist John Muir, who became its first president...
's "Chico Mendes
Chico Mendes
Francisco Alves Mendes Filho, better known as Chico Mendes , was a Brazilian rubber tapper, trade union leader and environmentalist. He fought to preserve the Amazon rainforest, and advocated for the human rights of Brazilian peasants and indigenous peoples...
Award for Outstanding Bravery in Defense of the Environment", and in 1993 he received the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Global 500
Global 500
Global 500 may refer to:* Fortune Global 500, a list of the largest companies published by Fortune.* Global 500 Roll of Honour, an award given by the United Nations Environment Program....
Award for "Outstanding Achievement in Service to the Environment."
He had few formal students in Brazil or elsewhere, but his impact as a teacher is remembered by many who later became ethnobiologists. He presented many talks in Brazil and other countries, and his work was featured in several films and videos.
The International Society of Ethnobiology (ISEB) created the "Darrel Posey Fellowship" in order to "promote understanding of peoples' complex and dynamic relationship with their environment, and supports indigenous peoples and local communities working to sustainably manage, and security rights to, their environments and resources. The Darrell Posey fellowship for ethnoecology and traditional resource rights was launched in 2004 with a grant from the Christensen Fund, and is administrated by the International Society of Ethnobiology, of which Darrell Posey was a founder.".
The June 2008 11th International Congress of Ethnobiology in Cusco
Cusco
Cusco , often spelled Cuzco , is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region as well as the Cuzco Province. In 2007, the city had a population of 358,935 which was triple the figure of 20 years ago...
, Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
, will explicitly explore the Darrell A. Posey legacy in a session titled "Ethnobiology and Traditional Resource Rights: Darrell Posey's Legacy." This session will celebrate Darrell Posey's many contributions and influences in the field of ethnobiology over the past several decades, both direct and indirect.
When Western scientists and other academics listen respectfully and learn at the feet of indigenous and traditional leaders, Posey's legacy will become reality.
Films and videos
- 1986. Special segment, Today Show/ NBC (USA) on Kayapó Indian Natural Resource Management; Lisa Freed, producer.
- 1987. Ciência dos Mebengokre, 2 - part video on ethnobiological knowledge of Kayapó Indians; made with TV GLOBO for "Globo Ciência" (Brazil); Marcia Sanchez, producer.
- 1988. Alternativos contra Destruição, 2 - part series for TV Manchete (Brazil) on Kayapó natural resource management; made for "Estação Ciência"; Ricardo Monte Rosa, producer.
- 1988. Without Borders, documentary film made for the United Nations on native peoples; CNN Productions (USA); Barbara Pyle, producer.
- 1988. Jungle Pharmacy, documentary film made for TV Trust for the Environment, Central TV (Britain) on medicinal plants used by native peoples; Herbert Girardet, producer.
- 1989. Xingú Encounter, a documentary film about the First Encounter of Indian Peoples in the Amazon, Floresta Films. Neville d'Almeida Director; D. A. Posey, text & narration.
- 1990. Kayapó Knowledge and the Future of the Amazon, a documentary film about the educational activities and aspects of the ethnobiological research project with the Kayapó Indians, De Campos Produçóes, Belém, Pará; text, narration, editing assistant and co-direction/ production.
- 1990. Altamira and After, a documentary of the Altamira Encounter and the subsequent activities of the indigenous groups of the Amazon in defense of their native lands and resources, De Campos Produções, Belém, Pará; text, narration, assistant editing and co-production.
- 1990. Will the Yanomami Survive?, De Campos Produções, Belém, Pará; text, narration, assistant editing and co-production.
- 1991. The Institute for Ethnobiology of the Amazon—INEA, a documentary about applied ethnobiological research in the Belém-based institute; De Campos Produções, Belém, Pará; text, narration, assistant editing and co-production.
- 1991. Natural Products and Green Consumerism, a film about "selling the tropical forest" and the problems that result; De Campos Produções, Belém, Pará; text, narration, assistant editing and co-production.
- 1991. Letter to the Kayapó, a film about the dangers of logging to indigenous peoples, and especially the Kayapó; Footprint Films, London; technical advisor.
- 1992. Earth Parliament, promotional film about the indigenous gathering for UNCED ‘92 in Rio de Janeiro; Foot Print Films, London; co-production.
- 1992. Amazon Knowledge, a documentary of the importance of traditional indigenous knowledge of Amazonian Indians, EMA Produções, Brasília, DF, Brazil; text, narration and assistant direction and editing.
- 1997. The Kayapo: 5 Years after the Earth Summit, CNN Documentary Productions (as scientific advisor & technical assistant).
Books and edited volumes
- Posey, D. A. (1974). The Fifth Ward Settlement: a tri-racial marginal group. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
- Posey, D. A. (1979). Ethnoentomology of the Gorotire Kayapó of central Brazil. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
- Posey, D. A., et al. (1987). Alternativas à destruicão: ciência dos Mebengokre [Kayapó] . Belém, Brazil: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. [Museum exhibit catalog]
- Posey, D. A., & Balée, W. L. (Eds.). (1989). Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies. (Advances in Economic Botany, 7). New York: New York Botanical Garden Press. ISBN 978-0893273408 ; ISBN 0893273406
- Posey, D. A., & Overal, W. L. (Eds.). (1990). Ethnobiology: Implications and Applications. Proceedings of the First International Congress of Ethnobiology, 1988. Belém, Brazil: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. ISBN 8570980205 ; ISBN 978-8570980205
- Posey, D. A. (1995). Indigenous peoples and traditional resource rights: a basis for equitable relationships? . Oxford: Green College Centre for Environmental Policy and Understanding.
- Posey, D. A., Argumedo, A., da Costa e Silva, E., Dutfield, G., & Plenderleith, K. (1995). Indigenous peoples, traditional technologies and equitable sharing: international instruments for the protection of community intellectual property and traditional resource rights . Gland, Switzerland: International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Equitable Sharing of Benefits: International Instruments for the Protection of Community Intellectual Property and Traditional Resource Rights . The Hague: International Union for the Conservation of Nature/UNA, International Books.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Provisions and mechanisms of the Convention on Biological Diversity for Access to Traditional Technologies and Benefit Sharing for Indigenous and Local Communities Embodying Traditional Lifestyles. (OCEES Research Paper, 6) . Oxford: Oxford Centre for the Environment, Ethics & Society. ISBN 1900316056
- Martin, G. A., Hoare, A. L., & Posey, D. A. (Eds.). (1996 ). Sources for Applying Ethnobotany to Conservation and Community Development: People and Plants Handbook. Paris: UNESCO, WWF & Kew Botanical Gardens.
- Pei Shengji, Su Yong-ge, Long Chun-lin, Marr, K., & Posey, D. A. (Eds.). (1996). The Challenges of Ethnobiology in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Ethnobiology. Kunming, China: Yunnan Science and Technology Press.
- Posey, D. A., Dutfield, G., Plenderleith, K., da Costa e Silva, E., & Argumedo, A. (1996). Traditional Resource Rights: International Instruments for Protection and Compensation for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities . Gland: International Union for the Conservation of Nature. ISBN 2831703557
- Posey, D. A., & Dutfield, G. (1996). Beyond Intellectual Property: Toward Traditional Resource Rights for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities . Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. ISBN 088936799X ; ISBN 978-0889367999
- Posey, D. A., & Dutfield, G. (1997). Indigenous peoples and sustainability: cases and actions . Utrecht: International Union for the Conservation of Nature and International Books.
- Posey, D. A. (Ed.). (1999). Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity. London: United Nations Environmental Programme & Intermediate Technology Publications. ISBN 1853393975 ; ISBN 1853393940
- Posey, D. A. (2002). Kayapo Ethnoecology and Culture . New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415277914
- Posey, D. A., & Vertovec, S. A. (Eds.). (2003). Globalization, Globalism, Environments, and Environmentalism: Consciousness of Connections (The Linacre Lectures). Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199264520 ; ISBN 019926452X
- Posey, D. A. (2004). Indigenous Knowledge and Ethics: A Darrell Posey Reader . New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415323635 ; ISBN 0415323630
- Posey, D. A., & Balick, M. J. (Eds.). (2006). Human Impacts on Amazonia: The Role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Conservation and Development. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231105880
Papers and book chapters
- Posey, D. A. (1976). Entomological considerations in Southeastern aboriginal demography. Ethnohistory, 23(2), 147-160.
- Posey, D. A. (1977). An ethnoentomological perspective of the Southeastern Indian belief system. Human Mosaic, 11(1), 1-10.
- Posey, D. A. (1978). Ethnoentomological survey of Amerind groups in lowland Latin America. The Florida Entomologist, 61(4), 225-229.
- Posey, D. A. (1978). Freejack lore and anomaly: a study of the Fifth Ward Settlement of southeastern Louisiana. Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers, 52, 66-71.
- Posey, D. A., Kerr, W. E., & Wolter Filho, W. (1978). Cupá, ou cipó-babão, alimento de alguns índios amazônicos. Acta Amazonica, 8(4), 702-705.
- Posey, D. A. (1979). Cisão dos Kayapó não impede crescimento populacional. Revista de Atualidade Indígena, 16(16), 52-58.
- Posey, D. A. (1979). Kayapo controla inseto com uso adequado do ambiente. Revista de Atualidade Indígena, 14, 47-58.
- Posey, D. A. (1979). Origin, development and maintenance of a Louisiana mixed-blood community: the ethnohistory of the Freejacks of the First Ward Settlement Journal of Ethnohistory, 26(2), 177-192.
- Posey, D. A. (1979). Pyka-tô-ti: Kayapó mostra a sua aldeia de origem. Revista de Atualidade Indígena, 3(14), 50-57.
- Posey, D. A. (1979). Social name and mixed-blood places: the Freejacks of the Fifth Ward Settlement. The Florida Anthropologist, 32(1), 8-16.
- Posey, D. A. (1979). The anthropologist and the Big Lips. The Rainbow, 103(3), 20-23.
- Posey, D. A. (1980). Algumas observaciones ethnoentomológicas sobre grupos Amerindos en la América Latina. América Indígena, 15(1), 105-120.
- Posey, D. A. (1981). Apicultura popular dos Kayapó. Revista de Atualidade Indígena, 20(1), 36-41.
- Posey, D. A. (1981). Ethnoentomology of the Kayapó Indians of central Brazil: wasps, warriors and fearless men. Journal of Ethnobiology, 1(1), 165-174.
- Posey, D. A. (1981). Language variation and ethnicity in an American tri-racial group. In S. Lander & K. Reah (Eds.), Aspects of Linguistic Variation: Proceedings of the Conference on Language Varieties (pp. 1–10). Sheffield, England: Centre for English Cultural Tradition and Language, University of Sheffield.
- Posey, D. A. (1981). The Kayapó origin of night. Journal of Latin American Indian Literatures, 5(2), 59-63.
- Posey, D. A. (1982). Keepers of the forest. New York Botanical Garden Magazine, 6(1), 18-24.
- Posey, D. A. (1982). Nomadic agriculture in the Amazon. New York Botanical Garden Magazine, 6(1), 18-24.
- Posey, D. A. (1982). The importance of bees to Kayapó Indians of the Brazilian Amazon. The Florida Entomologist, 65(4), 452-458.
- Posey, D. A. (1982). The journey of a Kayapó shaman. Journal of Latin American Indian Literatures, 6(3), 13-19.
- Posey, D. A. (1982). The Kayapó of the Brazilian Amazon. Carnegie Magazine (Carnegie Institute), 61(4), 18-23.
- Posey, D. A. (1982). Time, space and the interface of divergent cultures: the Kayapó Indians face the future. Revista Brasileira de Antropologia, 25, 89-104.
- Posey, D. A. (1983). Ethnomethodology as an emic guide to cultural systems: the case of the insects and the Kayapó Indians of Amazônia. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 1(3), 135-144.
- Posey, D. A. (1983). Folk apiculture of the Kayapó Indians of Brazil. Biotropica, 15(2), 154-158.
- Posey, D. A. (1983). Indigenous ecological knowledge and the development of the Amazon. In E. F. Moran (Ed.), The Dilemma of Amazonian Development (pp. 225–257). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
- Posey, D. A. (1983). Indigenous knowledge and development: An ideological bridge to the future? Ciência e Cultura, 35(7), 877-894.
- Posey, D. A. (1983). Keeping of stingless bees by the Kayapó Indians of Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology, 3(1), 63-73.
- Posey, D. A. (1983). O conhecimento Kayapó: etnometodologia e sistema cultural. Anuário Antropológico, 81, 109-121.
- Posey, D. A., Parker, E., da Silva, L. F., & Frechione, J. (1983). Resource exploitation in Amazônia: ethnoecological examples from four populations. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 52(8), 163-203.
- Frechione, J., Eddins, J., da Silva, L. F., & Posey, D. A. (1984). Ethnoecology as applied anthropology in Amazonian development. Human Organization, 43(2), 95-107.
- Kerr, W. E., & Posey, D. A. (1984). Informações adicionais sobre a agricultura dos Kayapó. Interciência, 9(6), 392-400.
- Overal, W. L., & Posey, D. A. (1984). Uso de formigas do gênero Azteca para controle de saúvas entre os Caiapó do Brasil. Ciência e Cultura, 36(Suplemento), 935.
- Posey, D. A. (1984). A preliminary report on diversified management of the tropical forest by the Kayapó Indians of the Brazilian Amazon. In G. Prance (Ed.), Advances in Economic Botany (Vol. 1, pp. 112–116). New York: The New York Botanical Garden.
- Posey, D. A. (1984). Keepers of the campo. New York Botanical Garden Magazine, 8, 8-12,32.
- Posey, D. A. (1984). Os kayapó e a natureza. Ciência Hoje, 4(12), 36-41.
- Anderson, A. B., & Posey, D. A. (1985). Manejo de cerrado pelos índios Kayapó. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Botânica, 2(1), 77-98.
- Posey, D. A. (1985). Ethnobiology: philosophy and methodology. Los Ensayistas, 18/19, 65-88.
- Posey, D. A. (1985). Indigenous management of tropical forest ecosystems: the case of the Kayapó Indians of the Brazilian Amazon. Agroforestry Systems, 3(2), 139-158.
- Posey, D. A. (1985). Native and indigenous guidelines for new Amazonian development strategies: understanding biological diversity through ethnoecology. In J. Hemming (Ed.), Change in the Amazon Basin (Vol. 1, pp. 156–180). Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
- Posey, D. A. (1985). Report from Gorotire: will Kayapó traditions survive? Focus, 7(4), 3.
- Posey, D. A., & Camargo, J. M. F. (1985). Additional notes on the classification and knowledge of stingless bees (Meliponinae, Apidae, Hymenoptera) by the Kayapó Indians of Gorotire, Pará, Brazil. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 54(8), 247-274.
- Elisabetsky, E., & Posey, D. A. (1986). Pesquisa etnofarmacológica e recursos naturais no trópico úmido: o caso dos índios Kayapó do Brasil e suas implicaçoes para a ciência médica. In Anais do Primeiro Simpósio do Trópico Úmido (Vol. 2, pp. 85–93). Belém, Brazil: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Úmido.
- Posey, D. A. (1986). Concepts of health, illness, curing and death, in relation to medicinal plants and the appearance of the Messianic King on the Island of Lençois, Maranhão, Brazil. In E. Parker (Ed.), The Amazon Caboclo: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (pp. 279–313). Williamsburg, Virginia: College of William and Mary.
- Posey, D. A. (1986). Etnobiologia: teoria e prática. In D. Ribeiro (Ed.), Suma Etnológica Brasileira (Vol. 1 (Etnobiologia), pp. 15–28). Petrópolis, Brazil: Vozes/FINEP.
- Posey, D. A. (1986). Etnoecologia e investigação do manejo dos recursos pelos índios Kayapó de Gorotire, Brasil (Ethnoecology and the investigation of resource management by the Kayapo Indians of Gorotire, Brazil). In Anais do Primeiro Simposio do Trópico Úmido (Vol. 6, pp. 63–70). Belém, Brazil: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Úmido.
- Posey, D. A. (1986). Etnoentomologia dos tribos indígenas da Amazônia. In D. Ribeiro (Ed.), Suma Etnológica Brasileira (Vol. 1: Etnobiologia, pp. 251–272). Petrópolis, Brazil: Vozes/FINEP.
- Posey, D. A. (1986). Hypothesis generation and testing in ethnobiology and ethnoentomology: the "intellectual bridge" between science and cultures. In Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects (18–22 August 1986). Munich: Springer Verlag.
- Posey, D. A. (1986). Introduçao. Etnobiologia: teoria e prática. In D. Ribeiro (Ed.), Suma Etnológica Brasileira. Vol. 1. Etnobiologia (pp. 15–25). Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro: Vozes/FINEP.
- Posey, D. A. (1986). Manejo da floresta secundária, capoeiras, campos e cerrados (Kayapó). In D. Ribeiro (Ed.), Suma Etnológica Brasileira (Vol. 1 (Etnobiologia), pp. 173–188). Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro: Vozes/FINEP.
- Posey, D. A. (1986). Temas e inquirições em etnoentomologia: algumas sugestões quanto à geração e teste de hipóteses. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Antropologia, 2(2), 99-134.
- Posey, D. A. (1986). Topics and issues in ethnoentomology, with some suggestions for the development of hypothesis generation and testing in ethnobiology. Journal of Ethnobiology, 6(1), 99-120.
- Posey, D. A., & Elisabetsky, E. (1986). Pesquisa etnofarmacológica e recursos naturais no Trópico Umido: o caso dos índios Kayapó e suas implicações para a ciência médica. In Primeiro Simpósio do Trópico Umido (pp. 85–93). Belém, Brazil: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Úmido.
- Anderson, A. B., & Posey, D. A. (1987). Índios e a natureza: reflorestamento indígena. Ciência Hoje, 6(31), 44-51.
- Anderson, A. B., & Posey, D. A. (1987). Reflorestamento indígena. Ciência Hoje, 6(31), 44-50.
- Posey, D. A. (1987). An ethnoentomological survey of Brazilian Indians. Entomologia Generalis, 12(2-3), 190-202.
- Posey, D. A. (1987). Contact before contact: typology of post-Columbian interaction with the Northern Kayapó of the Amazon Basin. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Antropologia, 3(2), 135-154.
- Posey, D. A. (1987). In G. Kohlhepp (Ed.), Homem e Natureza na Amazônia. Tübingen: Geographisches Institut, Universität Tübingen.
- Posey, D. A. (1987). Etnobiologia e ciência de folk: sua importância para a Amazônia. Tübinger Geographische Studien, 95, 95-108.
- Posey, D. A. (1987). Etnobiologia y ciencia "folk": su importancia para la Amazonía. Hombre y Ambiente: El punto da vista indígena, 1(4), 2-26.
- Posey, D. A. (1987). Hierarchy and utility in a folk biological taxonomic system: patterns in classification of arthropods by the Kayapó Indians of Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology, 4(2), 123-139.
- Posey, D. A. (1987). Temas e inquirições em etnoentomologia: algumas sugestões quanto à geração e teste de hipóteses. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Antropologia, 3(2), 99-134.
- Posey, D. A. (1988). Effects of deforestation on the Kayapó Indians in relation to loss of traditional knowledge and disruption of indigenous ecological management practices. In 46th International Congress of AmericanistsInternational Congress of AmericanistsThe International Congress of Americanists is an international academic conference for research in multidisciplinary studies of the American Continent. Established August 25, 1875 in Nancy, France, the scholars' forum has met regularly since its inception, presently in three year increments. Its...
' Conference on Amazonia: Deforestation and Possible Effects, Abstracts (pp. 12–13). Amsterdam.
- Posey, D. A. (1988). In H.-J. Koenig (Ed.), El índio como sujeto y objeto de la historia latinoamericana. Frankfurt am Main & Madrid.
- Posey, D. A. (1988). Etnobiologia: a ciência de folk. In Anais do Simpósio sobre Tendência dos Recursos da Amazônia. Madrid: Comissão Real do 500 Aniversário do Descobrimento das Américas.
- Posey, D. A. (1988). Kayapó Indian natural resource management. In J. S. Denslow & C. Padoch (Eds.), People of the Tropical Rain Forest (pp. 89–90). Berkeley: Smithsonian Institution Travelling Exhibition Service & University of California.
- Posey, D. A. (1988). Los Kayapó e la naturaleza. Hombre y Ambiente: El punto da vista indígena, 2(5), 79-94.
- Posey, D. A. (1988). Resource management by the Kayapó, Brazil. In J. Gradwohl & R. Greenberg (Eds.), Saving the Tropical Forests (pp. 123–125). London: Earthscan Publications.
- Posey, D. A., & Anderson, A. B. (1988). Reforestación indígena. Hombre y Ambiente: El punto da vista indígena, 2(5), 67-77.
- Anderson, A. B., & Posey, D. A. (1989). Management of a tropical scrub savanna by the Gorotire Kayapó of Brazil. In D. A. Posey & W. L. Balée (Eds.), Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies. (Advances in Economic Botany, 7) (pp. 159–173). New York: New York Botanical Garden.
- Elisabetsky, E., & Posey, D. A. (1989). Use of contraceptive and related plants by the Kayapó Indians (Brazil). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 26, 299-316.
- Hecht, S. B., & Posey, D. A. (1989). Preliminary findings on soil management of the Kayapó Indians. In D. A. Posey & W. L. Balée (Eds.), Resource Management in Amazônia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies (pp. 174–188). New York: New York Botanical Garden.
- Posey, D. A. (1989). Alternatives to forest destruction: lessons from the Mebengokre. The Ecologist, 19(6), 241-244.
- Posey, D. A. (1989). From warclubs to words. NACLA, 23(1), 13-19.
- Posey, D. A. (1989). Medicinas alternativas. Revista da Sociedade Brasileria de História da Ciência, 4, 64-67.
- Posey, D. A. (1989). The culture of Amazonian forests. In D. A. Posey & W. L. Balée (Eds.), Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies. New York: New York Botanical Garden.
- Posey, D. A. (1989). The Kayapó: on trial for speaking out. Index on Censorship, 18(6-7), 16-20.
- Posey, D. A., & Elisabetsky, E. (1989). Additional notes on contraceptive and related fertility plants used by the Kayapó Indians. In D. A. Posey & W. L. Balée (Eds.), Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies. New York: New York Botanical Garden.
- Posey, D. A., Frechione, J., & da Silva, L. F. (1989). The perception of ecological zones and natural resources in the Brazilian Amazon: an ethnoecology of Lake Coari. In D. A. Posey & W. L. Balée (Eds.), Resource Management in Amazônia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies. New York: New York Botanical Garden.
- Camargo, J. M. F., & Posey, D. A. (1990). O conhecimento dos Kayapó sobre as abelhas sociais sem ferrão (Meliponinae, Apidae, Hymenoptera): notas adicionais. Boletim de Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Zoologia, 6(1), 17-42.
- Overal, W. L., & Posey, D. A. (1990). Uso de formigas Azteca para controle biológico de pragas agricolas entre os Indios Kayapó do Brasil Central. In D. A. Posey & W. L. Overal (Eds.), Ethnobiology: Implications and Applications. Proceedings of the First International Congress of Ethnobiology (Vol. 2, pp. 219–226). Belém, Brazil: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.
- Posey, D. A. (1990). Cultivating the forests of the Amazon: science of the Mebengokre. Orion Nature Quarterly, 9 (3), 16-23.
- Posey, D. A. (1990). Intellectual property rights and just compensation for indigenous knowledge. Anthropology Today, 6(4), 13-16.
- Posey, D. A. (1990). Intellectual property rights: what is the position of ethnobiology? Journal of Ethnobiology, 10, 93-98.
- Posey, D. A. (1990). Introduction to ethnobiology: its Implications and applications. In D. A. Posey & W. L. Overal (Eds.), Ethnobiology: Implications and Applications. Proceedings of the First International Congress of Ethnobiology (Vol. 1, pp. 1–8). Belém: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.
- Posey, D. A. (1990). The application of ethnobiology in the conservation of dwindling natural resources: lost knowledge or options for the survival of the planet. In D. A. Posey & W. L. Overal (Eds.), Ethnobiology: Implications and Applications. Proceedings for the First International Congress of Ethnobiology (pp. 47–61). Belém, Brazil: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.
- Posey, D. A. (1990). The science of the Mebengokre. Orion, 1990(Summer), 16-23.
- Posey, D. A., & Anderson, A. B. (1990). O reflorestamento indígena. In G. Bologna (Ed.), Amazônia Adeus. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Nova Fronteira.
- Posey, D. A., & Hecht, S. B. (1990). Indigenous soil management in the Latin American tropics: some implications for the Amazon Basin. In D. A.Posey & W. L. Overal (Eds.), Ethnobiology: implications and applications. Proceedings for the First International Congress of Ethnobiology (Belém, Pará). Belém: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.
- Posey, D. A. (1991 (1995)). Ethnobiology in defense of indigenous peoples. Louisiana Archaeology, 18, 101-112.
- Kerr, W. E., & Posey, D. A. (1991). "Kangàrà kanê" Tanaecium nocturnum (Bignoniaceae), um cipó usado pelos índios Kayapó como inseticida natural. Acta Amazonica, 7(1), 23-26.
- Posey, D. A. (1991). Effecting international change. Cultural Survival Quarterly, Summer, 29-35.
- Posey, D. A. (1991). Importance of semi-domesticated species in post-contact Amazonia: effects of Kayapó Indian dispersal of flora and fauna of the region. In Résumés des Communications, International Symposium on Food and Nutrition in the Tropical Forest: Biocultural Interactions and Applications to Development. Paris: UNESCO.
- Posey, D. A. (1991). Intellectual property rights for native peoples: a Pandora's box for those seeking alternatives. In Proceedings of the 8th International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements. Budapest: IFOAM.
- Posey, D. A. (1991). Rechte der indigenen Völker. Capivara: Regenwaldmagazin der Greenpeace, 1, 2-6.
- Posey, D. A., & Anderson, A. B. (1991). Reflorestamento indígena. Ciência Hoje, ("Special on Amazôna"), 6-13.
- Posey, D. A., & Elisabetsky, E. (1991). Conceitos de animais e seus espíritos em relação a doenças e curas entre os índios Kayapó da aldeia Gorotire, Pará. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Antropologia, 7(1), 21-36.
- Posey, D. A., & Kerr, W. E. (1991). Kangàrà kane: a vine that kills bees. International Bee World.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Reply to Parker. American Anthropologist, 94(2), 441-443.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Das Wissen der Mebengokre. Kosmos 7, 63-69.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Die Wissenschaft der Kayapó. In J. Bogenreiter & R. Trink (Eds.), Unser Amerika: 500 Jahre Indianischer (pp. 223–233). Wien: Jugend und Volk.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Etnobiologia e etno-desenvolvimento: importância da experiência dos povos tradicionais. In Simdamazonia: Anais do Seminário Internacional sobre Meio Ambiente, Pobreza e Desenvolvimento (pp. 112–118). Belém, Brazil: PRODEPA.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Indigenous peoples and conservation: traditional knowledge and new models for the future. In H. Hoigawa, Y. Sugiyama, G. P. Sackett & R. K. R. Thompson (Eds.), Topics in Primatology: Behavior, Ecology and Conservation. Proceedings of the XIII Congress of the International Primatological Society (Vol. 2, pp. 329–341). Tokyo: University of Tokyo.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Indigenous peoples and the conservation of biodiversity. In Common Vision: Program Report (pp. 14–16).
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Interpreting and applying the "reality" of indigenous concepts: what is necessary to learn from the natives? In K. H. Redford & C. Padoch (Eds.), Conservation of Neotropical Forests: working from traditional resource use (pp. 21–34). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231076037
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Introduction to the relevance of indigenous knowledge. In A. E. Oliveira & D. Hamú (Eds.), Kayapó Science: Alternatives to Destruction (pp. 15–18). Belém, Brazil: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Kayapó Indianen, Experts in Synergie. Tribaal Nieuws: Inheemse Volken, Mieieu en Onwikkeling, 6, 10-15.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Kayapó Science: Alternatives to Destruction. In A. E. Oliveira & D. Hamú (Eds.), Kayapó Science: Alternatives to Destruction (pp. 19–43). Belém, Brazil: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). People of the fallows: a historical ecology of foraging in lowland South America. In K. H. Redford & C. Padoch (Eds.), Conservation of Neotropical Forests: working from traditional resource use (pp. 21–34). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231076037
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Scienza indigena. In R. Coravaggi (Ed.), Biodiversita (pp. 28–37). Rome: Dimensione Energie.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). The relation between cultural diversity and biodiversity. In S. Bilderbeek (Ed.), Biodiversity and International Law (pp. 44–47). Amsterdam: IOS Press.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). The science of the Mebengokre. In Finding Home. Boston: Beacon Press.
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Traditional knowledge, conservation and "the rainforest harvest". In M. J. Plotkin & L. Famolare (Eds.), Sustainable Harvest and Marketing of Rainforest Products (pp. 46–51). Washington: Island Press. ISBN 1559631694
- Posey, D. A. (1992). Ways and means of strengthening sustainable and environmentally sound self-development of indigenous peoples. In Report of the United Nations Technical Conference on Practical Experience in the Realization of Sustainable and Environmentally Sound Self-development of Indigenous Peoples (Santiago, Chile, 18–22 May 1992).. Santiago, Chile: U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1992/31/Add.1, 25 May 1992.
- Posey, D. A., & Suchanek, N. (1992). Das Ueberlegene Wissen der Kayapó-Indianer. Journal für Musse und Gesundheit, 3, 34-38.
- Posey, D. A. (1993). Das Konnen der Kayapó: Nutzung und Schutz zugleich. In A. Suchantke (Ed.), Partnerschaft mit der Natur. Stuttgart: Verlag Urachhaus.
- Posey, D. A. (1993). Indigenous knowledge in the conservation and use of world forests. In K. Ramikrisha & G. Woodwell (Eds.), World Forests for the Future: Their Use and Conservation (pp. 59–77). New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
- Posey, D. A. (1993). Intellectual property rights and just compensation for indigenous knowledge. In M. Bothe, T. Kurzidem & C. Schmidt (Eds.), Amazonia and Siberia: Legal Aspects of the Preservation of the Environment and Development in the Last Open Spaces. International Environmental Law and Policy Series. Holland: Graham & Trotman/Martinus Nijhoff.
- Posey, D. A. (1993). The importance of semi-domesticated species in post-contact Amazonia: effects of Kayapó Indian disperal on flora and fauna. Man and the Biosphere Series. In C. Hladik, H. Pagezy, O. Linares, A. Hladik & H. Hadley (Eds.), Tropical Forests, People and Food (Vol. Man and the Biosphere, v. 13, pp. 63–72). Paris: UNESCO and Parthenon.
- Posey, D. A. (1993). Wild foods and non-timber products in biodiversity conservation: problems with intellectual property rights for indigenous peoples. In Proceedings of the Symposium: Intellectual Property Rights, Indigenous Cultures and Biodiversity Conservation. Oxford: Green College Centre for Environmental Policy and Understanding.
- Yamin, F., & Posey, D. A. (1993). Indigenous peoples, biotechnology and intellectual property rights. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 2(2), 141-148.
- Elisabetsky, E., & Posey, D. A. (1994). Ethnopharmacological search for anti-viral compounds: treatment of gastrointestinal disorders by Kayapó medical specialists. In Ciba Foundation Symposium 185. Ethnobotany and the Search for New Drugs (pp. 77–94). Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons.
- Posey, D. A. (1994). Bioprospecting and indigenous knowledge systems In V. Shiva (Ed.), Biodiversity Conservation: Whose Resource? Whose Knowledge? (pp. 243–247). New Delhi: INTAC.
- Posey, D. A. (1994). Será que o "consumismo verde" vai salvar a Amazônia e seu habitantes? . In M. A. d'Incão & I. M. d. Silveira (Eds.), A Amazonia e a Crise da Modernizacão (pp. 345–361). Belém, Brazil: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.
- Posey, D. A. (1994). Conseqüências ecológicas da presença do índio Kayapó na Amazônia: recursos antropológicos e direitos de recursos tradicionais. In C. Cavalcanti (Ed.), Desenvolvimento e Natureza; Estudos para uma sociedade sustentável. Recife: Instituto de Pesquisas Sociais, Fundacao Joaquim Nabuco.
- Posey, D. A. (1994). Environmental and social implications of pre- and postcontact situations on Brazilian Indians: the Kayapó and a new Amazonian synthesis. In A. C. Roosevelt (Ed.), Amazonian Indians from Prehistory to the Present: Anthropological Perspectives (pp. 271–286). Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0816518211
- Posey, D. A. (1994). International agreements and intellectual property right protection for indigenous peoples. In T. Greaves (Ed.), Intellectual Property Rights for Indigenous Peoples: A Source Book (pp. 223–252). Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Society for Applied Anthropology. ISBN 0964202301 ; ISBN 978-0964202306
- Posey, D. A. (1994). International agreements for protecting indigenous knowledge. In V. Sanchez & C. Juma (Eds.), Biodiplomacy: genetic resources and international relations (pp. 119–137). Nairobi, Kenya: African Centre for Technology Studies.
- Posey, D. A. (1994). International agreements for the protection of indigenous knowledge. In Biodiplomacy: Genetic Resources and International Relations. Nairobi: UNEP/African Centre for Technology Studies, ACTS Press.
- Posey, D. A. (1994). Introduction to intellectual, cultural and scientific property rights for indigenous peoples. In Voices of the Earth: Indigenous Peoples, New Partners, the Right to Self-Determination in Practice (pp. 217–239). Amsterdam: Dutch Society for Indigenous Peoples.
- Posey, D. A. (1994). Kulturelle und Wissenschaftlich Aspekte. In Reader: Pacha Mama. Internationaler Kongress zur Situation Indigener Volker in Lateinamerika. Berlin: Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst Gemeinnutzige/Haus der Kulturen der Welt (Berlin).
- Posey, D. A. (1994). Traditional resource rights (TRR): de facto self-determination for indigenous peoples. In L. van der Vlist (Ed.), Voices of the Earth: Indigenous Peoples, New Partners & the Right to Self-determination in Practice (pp. 217–235). Amsterdam: The Netherlands Centre for Indigenous Peoples.
- Posey, D. A. (1995). Indigenous knowledge and green consumerism: co-operation or conflict? In T. Wakeford & M. Walters (Eds.), Science for the Earth: Can Science Make the World a Better Place?. London: John Wiley & Sons.
- Posey, D. A., & Kabuye, C. (1995). Conservation enhancement: indigenous peoples and local communities. In Nairobi: Working Paper No. 24. Geneva: International Academy of the Environment.
- Posey, D. A., Dutfield, G., & Plenderleith, K. (1995). Collaborative research and intellectual property rights. Biodiversity and Conservation, 4(8), 892-902.
- D'Olne Campos, M., & Posey, D. A. (1996). Mêbengokrê cosmology and calendar: an ethnoecological approach from Gorotire Kayapó Indians of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. In Pei Shengji, Su Yong-ge, Long Chun-lin, K. Marr & D. A. Posey (Eds.), The Challenges of Ethnobiology in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Ethnobiology. Kumming, China: Yunnan Science and Technology Press.
- Overal, W. L., & Posey, D. A. (1996). Práticas agrícolas dos índios Kayapó do Pará: subsídios para o desenvolvimento da Amazônia. In C. Pavan (Ed.), Amazônia: Uma Estratégia Latino-Americana para a Amazônia (Vol. 1). Brasília: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, dos Recursos Hídricos e da Amazônia Legal & Unesp.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Diachronic ecotones and anthropogenic landscapes in Amazonia: contesting the consciousness of conservation. In W. L. Balée (Ed.), Advances in Historical Ecology (pp. 104–118). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231106320 ; ISBN 0231106327
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Forum: Finders keepers won't do any more. New Scientist, 2038, 48.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Indigenous knowledge, biodiversity, and international rights: learning about forests from the Kayapó Indians of the Brazilian Amazon. The Commonwealth Forestry Review, 76(1), 53-60.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Memories of William G. Haag. Louisiana Archaeology, 18, 213-214.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Ethnobiologists: victims or villains in the intellectual property rights dilemma. In V. Sandoval (Ed.), Ethnobiology: New Takes. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Ethnobiology and ethnodevelopment: importance of traditional knowledge and traditional peoples. In Pei Shengji, Su Yong-ge, Long Chun-lin, K. Marr & D. A. Posey (Eds.), The Challenges of Ethnobiology in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Ethnobiology (pp. 7–13). Kunming, China: Yunnan Science and Technology Press.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Implementing traditional resource rights. In Making Forest Policy Work (pp. 33–38). Oxford: Oxford Forestry Institute/IIED,SGS Forestry/ANU.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Os povos tradicionais e a conservação da biodiversidade. In C. Pavan (Ed.), (Vol. 1, pp. 149–157). Brasília: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, dos Recursos Hídricos e da Amazônia Legal & Editora da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Problem einer globalen Umwelt- und Entwicklungs-Strategie. In W. Pieper (Ed.), Copyright oder Copywrong: Geistiges Eigentum, kulturelles Erbe und wirtschaftlich Ausbeutung (pp. 31–40). Lohrbach: Der Grune Zweig.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). Protecting indigenous peoples' rights to biodiversity. Environment, 38(8), 6-9, 37-45.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). The Kayapó Indian protests against Amazonian dams: successes, alliances and un-ending battles. In C. McDowell (Ed.), Understanding Impoverishment: The Consequences of Development-Induced Displacement, Refugee and Forced Migration Studies (Vol. 2). Providence & Oxford: Berghahn Books.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). The Kayapó Indian protests against Amazonian dams: successes, alliances, and un-ending battles. In Resisting Impoverishment: Tackling the Conquences of Development-Induced Displacement. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
- Posey, D. A., Dutfield, G., Plenderleith, K., Willard, T., & Mcfall, S. (1996). Indigenous Peoples and Farmers: Part A: Identifying Commonalities and Divergencies Between Indigenous Peoples and Farmers’ Groups: GRAIN.
- Posey, D. A. (1997). Wider use and application of indigenous knowledge, innovations, and practices: information systems and ethical concerns. In D. L. Hawksworth, P. M. Kirk & S. Dextre Clarke (Eds.), Biodiversity Information: Needs and Options. Wallingford & New York: CAB International, IUBS,IUCN,IUFRO.
- Posey, D. A. (1997). Can Kayapó management strategies be equitably utilized and applied?: utilizing Amazonian indigenous knowledge in the conservation of biodiversity. In Cross-Cultural Protection of Nature and the Environment. Denmark: Odense University Press.
- Posey, D. A. (1997). Ecological consequences of Kayapó Indian presence in Amazonia: anthropogenic resources and traditional resource rights. In C. Cavalcanti (Ed.), . Recife, Brazil: Fundacao Joaquim Nabuco.
- Posey, D. A. (1997). Exploração da biodiversidade e do conhecimento indígena na América Latina: desafios à soberania e à velha ordem. In C. Cavalcanti (Ed.), Meio ambiente, desenvolvimento sustentável e políticas públicas (pp. 345–368). São Paulo & Recife Cortez & Fundação Joaquim Nabuco.
- Posey, D. A. (1997). Identifizierung und Respektierung der Grenzen zwischen indigenen Volkern, traditionellen Bauren und ortlichen Gemeinschaften. In E. U. von Weizsacker (Ed.), Grenzen-los? Jedes System braucht Grenzen-aber wie durchlassig mussen diesse sein?. Berlin: Birkhauser Verlag.
- Posey, D. A. (1997). Utilising Amazonian indigenous knowledge in the conservation of biodiversity: can Kayapó management strategies be equitably utilised and applied? In F. Arler & I. Svennevig (Eds.), Cross-Cultural Protection of Nature and the Environment. Denmark: University of Odense. ISBN 8778383471
- Posey, D. A. (1998). The "balance sheet" and the "sacred balance": valuing the knowledge of indigenous and traditional peoples. Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion, 2, 91-106.
- Posey, D. A. (1998). Indigenous peoples and their knowledge: missing links and lost knowledge in the conservation of Brazil's tropical forests. In R. J. Hoag & K. Moran (Eds.), Culture: The Missing Element in Conservation and Development. Washington, D.C.: National Zoological Park/Smithsonian Institution. 0787247618
- Posey, D. A. (1998). Indigenous peoples: missing links and lost knowledge in the conservation of Brazil's tropical forests. In R. J. Hoage & K. Moran (Eds.), Culture: The Missing Element in Conservation and Development. Washington, D.C. & Dubuque, Iowa: National Zoological Park/Smithsonian Institution & Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
- Posey, D. A. (1998). Safegarding traditional resource rights of indigenous peoples. In V. D. Nazarea (Ed.), Ethnoecology: Situated Knowledge/Located Lives (pp. 217–230). Tucson: Arizona University Press.
- Posey, D. A. (1998). Traditional ecological knowledge and the "web of life": rediscovering the cultural and spiritual values of biodiversity. In H. Niec (Ed.), Cultural Rights & Wrongs: A Collection of Essays in Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Paris: UNESCO & University of Leicester: Institute of Art and Law.
- Posey, D. A., & Dutfield, G. (1998). Plants, patents and traditional knowledge: ethical concerns of indigenous and traditional peoples. In G. v. Overwalle (Ed.), Patent Law, Ethics and Biotechnology (pp. 109–132). Brussels, Belgium: Bruylant.
- Posey, D. A. (1999). Developing sui generis options for the protection of living aquatic resources of indigenous and local communities. In R. S. V. Pullin, D. M. Bartley & J. Kooiman (Eds.), Towards Policies for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Aquatic Genetic Resources (pp. 187–206). Rome, Italy: FAO/ICLARM.
- Posey, D. A. (1999). Cultural and spiritual values of biodiversity: a complementary contribution to the Global Biodiversity Assessment. In D. A. Posey (Ed.), Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity (pp. 1–19). London: United Nations Environmental Programme & Intermediate Technology Publications.
- Laird, S. A., Alexiades, M. N., Bannister, K., & Posey, D. (2000). The publication of biodiversity research results and the flow of knowledge, professional society standards for biodiversity research: codes of ethics and research guidelines. In S. A. Laird (Ed.), Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in Practice (pp. Chapter 5): Earthscan Publications.
- Posey, D. A. (2000). Beyond the Big Lips. Resurgence Magazine, 2000(203). On-line.
- Posey, D. A. (2000). Biodiversity, genetic resources and indigenous peoples in Amazonia: (re)discovering the wealth of traditional resources of native Amazonians. In A. Hall (Ed.), Amazônia at the Crossroads: The Challenge of Sustainable Developmen (pp. 188–204). London: Institute for Latin American Studies, University of London.
- Posey, D. A. (2000). Commercialization of traditional knowledge: practical and ethical considerations. In J. Grim (Ed.), Indigenous Religions and Biodiversity Conservation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions.
- Posey, D. A. (2000). Commodification of the sacred through intellectual property rights. Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
- Posey, D. A. (2000). Culture and nature: the inextricable link. The Ecologist.
- Posey, D. A. (2000). Ethnobiology and ethnoecology in the context of national laws and international agreements affecting indigenous and local knowledge, traditional resources and intellectual property rights. In R. Ellen, P. Parkes & A. Bicker (Eds.), Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and its transformations. Critical Anthropological Perspectives (pp. 35–54). London: Routledge. ISBN 9057024845
- Posey, D. A. (2000). Exploitation of biodiversity and indigenous knowledge in Latin America: challenges to sovereignty and the old order. In C. Cavalcanti (Ed.), The Environment, Sustainable Development and Public Policies: Building Sustainability in Brazil (pp. 186–209). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Press.
- Posey, D. A. (2000). Selling Grandma: commodification of the sacred. In D. Shankar (Ed.), Conservation of Medicinal Plants. Bangalore, India: Institute for the Revitalization of Traditional Health.
- Posey, D. A., & Overal, W. L. (2000). Social insects and the Kayapó Indians of the Brazilian Amazon: indigenous appreciation and nomenclature of biodiversity. In Proceedings of the International Congress of Entomology.
- Laird, S. A., & Posey, D. A. (2001). Professional society standards for biodiversity research: codes of ethics and research guidelines. In S. A. Laird (Ed.), Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in Practice (pp. Chapter 3). London: Earthscan Publicatiions. ISBN 1853836982
- Posey, D. A. (2001). Biological and cultural diversity: the inextricable, linked by language and politics [Electronic Version]. Terralingua from http://www.terralingua.org/.
- Posey, D. A. (2001). Biological and cultural diversity: the inextricable, linked by language and politics. In L. Maffi (Ed.), On Biocultural Diversity: Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment (pp. 379–396). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
- Posey, D. A. (2001). Cultural landscapes. In C. R. Elevitch (Ed.), The Overstory Book: Cultivating Connections with Trees (2 ed., pp. 17–19). Holualoa, Hawaii: Permanent Agriculture Resources. ISBN 0970254431
- Posey, D. A. (2002). Commodification of the sacred through intellectual property rights. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 83(1-2), 3-12.
- Posey, D. A. (2002). Selling Grandma: commodification of the sacred through intellectual property rights. In E. Barkan & R. Bush (Eds.), Claiming the Stones/Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute.
- Posey, D. A. (2002). Upsetting the sacred balance: can the study of indigenous knowledge reflect cosmic connectedness? In P. Sillitoe, A. Bicker & J. Pottier (Eds.), Participating in Development: Approaches to Indigenous Knowledge (pp. 24–42). New York: Routledge. ISBN 0415258685
- Posey, D. A. (2003). Fragmenting cosmic connections: converting nature into commodity. In S. A. Vertovec & D. A. Posey (Eds.), Globalization, Globalism, Environments, and Environmentalism: Consciousness of Connections (The Linacre Lectures) (pp. 123–140). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Posey, D. A. (2003). Insects, foods, medicines and folklore in Amazonia. In E. Motte-Florac & J. M. C. Thomas (Eds.), Les "Insectes" Dans La Tradition Orale - Insects in Oral Literature and Tradition (pp. 221–237). Paris: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 904291307X
Book reviews
- Posey, D. A. (1980). (Review of) Folk Literature of the Gê Indians (Wilbert). American Anthropologist, 82(3), 608.
- Posey, D. A. (1988). (Review of) Pharmacopées traditionnelles en Guyane: Créoles, Palikur, Wayäpi (Grenand, Moretti, and Jacquemin). Collection mémoires No. 108. Paris: Orstrom. Interciencia 13(6), 328.
- Posey, D. A. (1989). (Review of) Pharmacopées traditionnelles en Guyane: Créoles, Palikur, Wayäpi (Grenand, Moretti, and Jacquemin). Collection mémoires No. 108. Paris: Orstrom. Journal of Ethnobiology.
- Posey, D. A. (1990). (Review of) Amazon Frontier: The Defeat of the Brazilian Indians (John Hemming). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Journal of Forest History Society, 34(3), 145.
- Posey, D. A. (1994). (Review of) In the Society of Nature (Philippe Descola), Cambridge University Press. Journal of Applied Ecology.
- Posey, D. A. (1994). (Review of) The Ecology of Choice and Symbol: Essays in Honour of Fredrik Barth, Eds. Reidar Gronhaug, Gunnar Haaland, & Gerog Hendriksen. 1991, Bergen, Norway: Alma Mater Forlag. Man.
- Posey, D. A. (1995). (Review of the film) The Journey Back. Directed by Peter Elsass, Produced by the Danish National Film Board. Visual Anthropology, 7(4), 281-282.
- Posey, D. A. (1995). (Review of) A Amazônia e a Crise da Modernizacão (eds. Maria Angela d'Incão & Isolda Silveira), Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi/CNPq. Journal of Latin American Studies, 27, 487-488.
- Posey, D. A. (1995). (Review of) Footprints of the Forest (William L. Balee), Columbia University Press. Times Literary Supplement, 4809 (June 2).
- Posey, D. A. (1995). (Review of) Footprints of the Forest (William L. Balée), Columbia University Press. Journal of Ethnobiology, 15(1), 154-155.
- Posey, D. A. (1995). (Review of) In the Society of Nature (Philippe Descola), Cambridge University Press. Journal of Ethnobiology, 15(1), 155-156.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). (Review of) The Spirit of the Soil: Agriculture and Environmental Ethics, Paul Thompson (London: Routledge Press, 1995). Journal of Biogeography.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). (Review of) Dance of the Dolphin: Transformation and Disenchantment, Candace Slater, (Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 1994). Journal of Latin American Studies(May).
- Posey, D. A. (1996). (Review of) Indigenous Peoples & the Future of Amazonia: An Ecological Anthropology of an Endangered World, Leslie E. Sponsel, Editor (The University of Arizona Press, 1995). Journal of Biogeography.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). (Review of) This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment, Paul Gottlieb (ed.), London: Routledge Press, 1995). Journal of Biogeography.
- Posey, D. A. (1996). (Review of) Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise, B. J. Meggars (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995). Journal of Biogeography.
- Posey, D. A. (1998). (Review of) Changing Fortune: Biodiversity and Peasant Livelihood in the Peruvian Andes, Karl S. Zimmerer (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996). Journal of Latin American Studies, 30 , 681-683.
- Posey, D. A. (1999). (Review of) Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, Jarred Diamond, (Jonathan Cape, London, 1997). Journal of Biogeography (Global Ecology and Biogeography, and Diversity and Distributions).
- Posey, D. A. (2000). (Review of) A Água e o Homem na Várzea do Careiro, Hilgard O'Reilly Sternberg. 1998, Second Edition, Coleção Friedrich Katzer, Belém, Pará: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/CNPq (2 vols). Journal of Biogeography.
Further reading
- Posey, Darrell Addison (author) & Plenderleith, Kristina (ed.) (2004) Indigenous knowledge and ethics: a Darrell Posey reader. London: Taylor & Francis, Inc. ISBN 9780415323635 ISBN 0415323630.
External links
- Two obituary articles for Daryl Posey, posted on International Society of Ethnobiology webpage Retrieved 15 April 2008.