Codex Sangallensis 1395
Encyclopedia
The Codex Sangallensis 1395, designated by Σ, is a 5th century Latin
manuscript of the New Testament
. The text, written on vellum
, is a version of the Latin Vulgate
.
s (Matthew 6:21–Johannes 17:18), with numerous lacunae
. The Latin text of the Gospels is a representative of the Latin Vulgate. It contains 320 parchment leaves (23 by 18.5 cm). The leaves are arranged in quarto
.
The order of Gospels is usual.
The nomina sacra
are written in an abbreviated way. The words at the end of line are abbreviated. It uses also a few another abbreviations. The Hebrew names like Ααρων
, Ισαακ
, Αβρααμ
, Βεθλεεμ
were Latinized by dropping one of the repeated vowels, or by insertion of letter "h" between them. Although forms like Aron and Aharon, Isac and Isahac, Bethlem and Bethlehem occur in the manuscript, the Old-Latin
standard forms were Aron and Isac.
It has some singular readings in the Gospel of Matthew
(11:4; 14:2; 16:9.10; 17:26; 18:9; 26:45.47; 27:59; 28:1) and in Mark
(4:7; 4:11; 6:33; 14:21).
in the 5th century. E. A. Lowe even thought it possible that the manuscript could have been written during the lifetime of Jerome
. It is also dated to the 6th century. Probably it is the oldest manuscript of the Latin Vulgate.
In the Middle Ages it was used for rebinding other manuscripts and about half of the codex has survived.
The text was published by C. H. Turner
, A. Dold.
Currently it is housed at the Abbey library of Saint Gall (1395) in St. Gallen
.
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
manuscript of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
. The text, written on vellum
Vellum
Vellum is mammal skin prepared for writing or printing on, to produce single pages, scrolls, codices or books. It is generally smooth and durable, although there are great variations depending on preparation, the quality of the skin and the type of animal used...
, is a version of the Latin Vulgate
Vulgate
The Vulgate is a late 4th-century Latin translation of the Bible. It was largely the work of St. Jerome, who was commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 382 to make a revision of the old Latin translations...
.
Description
The manuscript contains the text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s (Matthew 6:21–Johannes 17:18), with numerous lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
. The Latin text of the Gospels is a representative of the Latin Vulgate. It contains 320 parchment leaves (23 by 18.5 cm). The leaves are arranged in quarto
Quarto
Quarto could refer to:* Quarto, a size or format of a book in which four leaves of a book are created from a standard size sheet of paper* For specific information about quarto texts of William Shakespeare's works, see:...
.
The order of Gospels is usual.
The nomina sacra
Nomina sacra
Nomina sacra means "sacred names" in Latin, and can be used to refer to traditions of abbreviated writing of several frequently occurring divine names or titles in early Greek language Holy Scripture...
are written in an abbreviated way. The words at the end of line are abbreviated. It uses also a few another abbreviations. The Hebrew names like Ααρων
Aaron
In the Hebrew Bible and the Qur'an, Aaron : Ααρών ), who is often called "'Aaron the Priest"' and once Aaron the Levite , was the older brother of Moses, and a prophet of God. He represented the priestly functions of his tribe, becoming the first High Priest of the Israelites...
, Ισαακ
Isaac
Isaac as described in the Hebrew Bible, was the only son Abraham had with his wife Sarah, and was the father of Jacob and Esau. Isaac was one of the three patriarchs of the Israelites...
, Αβρααμ
Abraham
Abraham , whose birth name was Abram, is the eponym of the Abrahamic religions, among which are Judaism, Christianity and Islam...
, Βεθλεεμ
Bethlehem
Bethlehem is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank of the Jordan River, near Israel and approximately south of Jerusalem, with a population of about 30,000 people. It is the capital of the Bethlehem Governorate of the Palestinian National Authority and a hub of Palestinian culture and tourism...
were Latinized by dropping one of the repeated vowels, or by insertion of letter "h" between them. Although forms like Aron and Aharon, Isac and Isahac, Bethlem and Bethlehem occur in the manuscript, the Old-Latin
Vetus Latina
Vetus Latina is a collective name given to the Biblical texts in Latin that were translated before St Jerome's Vulgate Bible became the standard Bible for Latin-speaking Western Christians. The phrase Vetus Latina is Latin for Old Latin, and the Vetus Latina is sometimes known as the Old Latin Bible...
standard forms were Aron and Isac.
It has some singular readings in the Gospel of Matthew
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
(11:4; 14:2; 16:9.10; 17:26; 18:9; 26:45.47; 27:59; 28:1) and in Mark
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second...
(4:7; 4:11; 6:33; 14:21).
History
The manuscript was written in VeronaVerona
Verona ; German Bern, Dietrichsbern or Welschbern) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy, with approx. 265,000 inhabitants and one of the seven chef-lieus of the region. It is the second largest city municipality in the region and the third of North-Eastern Italy. The metropolitan area of Verona...
in the 5th century. E. A. Lowe even thought it possible that the manuscript could have been written during the lifetime of Jerome
Jerome
Saint Jerome was a Roman Christian priest, confessor, theologian and historian, and who became a Doctor of the Church. He was the son of Eusebius, of the city of Stridon, which was on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia...
. It is also dated to the 6th century. Probably it is the oldest manuscript of the Latin Vulgate.
In the Middle Ages it was used for rebinding other manuscripts and about half of the codex has survived.
The text was published by C. H. Turner
Cuthbert Hamilton Turner
Cuthbert Hamilton Turner was an English ecclesiastical historian and Biblical scholar. He became Dean Ireland's Professor of the Exegesis of Holy Scripture in the University of Oxford in 1920....
, A. Dold.
Currently it is housed at the Abbey library of Saint Gall (1395) in St. Gallen
St. Gallen
St. Gallen is the capital of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It evolved from the hermitage of Saint Gall, founded in the 7th century. Today, it is a large urban agglomeration and represents the center of eastern Switzerland. The town mainly relies on the service sector for its economic...
.
See also
- List of New Testament Latin manuscripts
- Codex Sangallensis 18
Further reading
- C. H. Turner, The oldest manuscript of the Vulgate Gospels (Oxford 1931)
External links
- Cod. Sang. 1395 at the e-codices