Codex Freerianus
Encyclopedia
Codex Freerianus, designated by I or 016 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 1041 (von Soden), also called the Washington Manuscript of the Pauline Epistles, is a 5th century manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...

 in an uncial
Uncial
Uncial is a majuscule script commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters are written in either Greek, Latin, or Gothic.-Development:...

 hand on vellum
Vellum
Vellum is mammal skin prepared for writing or printing on, to produce single pages, scrolls, codices or books. It is generally smooth and durable, although there are great variations depending on preparation, the quality of the skin and the type of animal used...

 in Greek.

It is named after Charles Lang Freer
Charles Lang Freer
Charles Lang Freer was an American railroad-car manufacturer from Detroit, Michigan who gave to the United States his art collections and funds for a building to house them. The Freer Gallery of Art founded by him is part of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C..-Early life:Freer was...

, who purchased it in Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...

. The Codex is now located in the Freer Gallery of Art
Freer Gallery of Art
The Freer Gallery of Art joins the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery to form the Smithsonian Institution's national museums of Asian art. The Freer contains art from East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Islamic world, the ancient Near East, and ancient Egypt, as well as a significant collection of...

 at the Smithsonian Institution
Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution is an educational and research institute and associated museum complex, administered and funded by the government of the United States and by funds from its endowment, contributions, and profits from its retail operations, concessions, licensing activities, and magazines...

in Washington
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....

, with the shelf number 06.275.

Contents

1 Corinthians 10:29, 11:9-10. 18-19. 26-27; 12:3-4. 27-28; 14:12-13. 22.32-33; 15:3.15.27-28.38-39.59-50; 16:1-2.12-13;
2 Corinthians 1:1.9.16-17; 2:3-4.14; 3:6-7.16-17; 4:6-7.16-17; 5:8-10.17-18; 6:6-8.16-18; 7:7-8.13-14; 8:6-7.14-17; 8:24-9:1; 9:7-8; 9:15-10:1; 10:8-10; 10:17-11:2; 11:9-10.20-21.28-29; 12:6-7.14-15; 13:1-2.10-11;
Galatians 1:1-3, 11-13, 1:22-2:1, 2:8-9, 16-17, 3:6-8, 16-17, 24-28, 4:8-10, 20-23;
Ephesians 2:15-18, 3:6-8, 18-20, 4:9-11, 17-19, 28-30, 5:6-11, 20-24, 5:32-6:1, 6:10-12, 19-21;
Philipians 1:1-4, 11-13, 20-23, 2:1-3, 12-14, 25-27, 3:4-6, 14-17, 4:3-6, 13-15;
Colossians 1:1-4, 10-12, 20-22, 27-29, 2:7-9, 16-19, 3:5-8, 15-17, 3:25-4:2, 4:11-13;
1 Thessalonians 1:1-2, 9-10, 2:7-9, 14-16, 3:2-5, 11-13, 4:7-10, 4:16-5:1, 5:9-12, 23-27;
2 Thessalonians 1:1-3, 10-11, 2:5-8, 14-17, 3:8-10;
Hebrews 1:1-3. 9-12; 2:4-7.12-14; 3:4-6.14-16; 4:3-6.12-14; 5:5-7; 6:1-3.10-13; 6:20-7:2; 7:7-11.18-20; 7:27-8:1; 8:7-9; 9:1-4.9-11.16-19. 25-27; 10:5-8.16-18.26-29.35-38; 11:6-7.12-15.22-24.31-33; 11:38-12:1; 12:7-9.16-18.25-27; 13:7-9.16-18.23-25;
1 Timothy 1:1-3.10-13; 1:19-2:1; 2:9-13; 3:7-9; 4:1-3.10-13; 5:5-9.16-19; 6:1-2.9-11.17-19;
2 Timothy 1:1-3.10-12; 2:2-5.14-16.22-24; 3:6-8; 3:16-4:1; 4:8-10.18-20;
Titus 1:1-3.10-11; 2:4-6.14-15; 3:8-9;
Philemon 1-3. 14-16.

Description

The codex contains portions of the Pauline epistles
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...

 except Romans
Epistle to the Romans
The Epistle of Paul to the Romans, often shortened to Romans, is the sixth book in the New Testament. Biblical scholars agree that it was composed by the Apostle Paul to explain that Salvation is offered through the Gospel of Jesus Christ...

. It contains the Epistle to the Hebrews
Epistle to the Hebrews
The Epistle to the Hebrews is one of the books in the New Testament. Its author is not known.The primary purpose of the Letter to the Hebrews is to exhort Christians to persevere in the face of persecution. The central thought of the entire Epistle is the doctrine of the Person of Christ and his...

. The Hebrews follows 2 Thessalonians. The manuscript is generally dated from the fifth century, though a few have suggested the sixth century instead. The codex originally contained about 210 parchment leaves , of which only 84 survive in a fragmentary condition. The text of the codex contains a lot of lacunae. It was written in one column per page, 30 lines per column. The letters and words are not separated from one another (scriptio-continua).

The Greek text of this codex, which was edited by H. A. Sanders in 1921, is a good representative of the Alexandrian text-type
Alexandrian text-type
The Alexandrian text-type , associated with Alexandria, is one of several text-types used in New Testament textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of biblical manuscripts...

, agreeing more closely with א
Codex Sinaiticus
Codex Sinaiticus is one of the four great uncial codices, an ancient, handwritten copy of the Greek Bible. It is an Alexandrian text-type manuscript written in the 4th century in uncial letters on parchment. Current scholarship considers the Codex Sinaiticus to be one of the best Greek texts of...

, A
Codex Alexandrinus
The Codex Alexandrinus is a 5th century manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity...

, C
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus is an early 5th century Greek manuscript of the Bible, the last in the group of the four great uncial manuscripts...

, and 33
Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 , δ 48 , formerly it was called Codex Colbertinus 2844, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia...

, than with P46, B or 1739. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...

 placed it in Category II, ascribing it to the Egyptian text. Its fragmentary nature limits its usefulness.

In 2 Timothy 1:11 it reads καὶ διδάσκαλος (and teacher) along with א*, A
Codex Alexandrinus
The Codex Alexandrinus is a 5th century manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity...

, 1175, syrpal; majority of manuscripts read καὶ διδάσκαλος ἐθνῶν (and teacher of nations).

See also

  • List of New Testament uncials
  • Biblical Manuscripts in the Freer Collection
    Biblical Manuscripts in the Freer Collection
    The Biblical Manuscripts in the Freer Collection, is a collection of six biblical manuscripts, dating from the 3rd to 6th centuries. Most manuscripts are written in Greek, one in Coptic...

  • Textual criticism
    Textual criticism
    Textual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...

  • Codex Washingtonianus
    Codex Washingtonianus
    The Codex Washingtonianus or Codex Washingtonensis, designated by W or 032 , ε 014 , also called the Washington Manuscript of the Gospels, and The Freer Gospel, contains the four biblical gospels and was written in Greek on vellum in the fourth or fifth century...


Further reading

  • C. R. Gregory, Das Freer Logion, Versuche und Entwürfe 1 (Leipzig, 1905).
  • H. A. Sanders, The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection, The Macmillan Company, New York – London 1918.
  • W. H. P. Hatch
    William Hatch
    William Henry Paine Hatch, Ph.D., D.D. was an American theologian, born at Camden, N. J. He attended Harvard, graduating in 1898 . Afterward, he graduated at the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and from the General Theological Seminary in New York City...

    , The Principal Uncial Manuscripts Of The New Testament, 1939, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • Thomas A. Wayment, Two new Textual Variants from the Freer Pauline Codex (I), JBL 123/4 (2004), pp. 737–740.
  • Larry W. Hurtado
    Larry W. Hurtado
    Larry Hurtado is a scholar of early Christianity and Emeritus Professor of New Testament Language, Literature and Theology in The University of Edinburgh, Scotland...

    , The Freer Biblical Manuscripts. Fresh Studies of an American Treasure Trove, Brill 2007.

External links

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