The Church of the Province of Myanmar in Asia

Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...

 is a member church of the Anglican Communion

Anglican Communion

The Anglican Communion is an international association of national and regional Anglican churches in full communion with the Church of England and specifically with its principal primate, the Archbishop of Canterbury...

. The province is bordered by China

People's Republic of China

China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...

 on the north, Laos

Laos

Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...

 on the east, Thailand

Thailand

Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...

 on the southeast, Bangladesh

Bangladesh

Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...

 on the west and India

India

India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

 on the northwest, with the Andaman Sea

Andaman Sea

The Andaman Sea or Burma Sea is a body of water to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Burma, west of Thailand and east of the Andaman Islands, India; it is part of the Indian Ocean....

 to the south and the Bay of Bengal

Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal , the largest bay in the world, forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. It resembles a triangle in shape, and is bordered mostly by the Eastern Coast of India, southern coast of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka to the west and Burma and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the...

 to the southwest. The current Archbishop of Myanmar and Bishop of Yangon

Yangon

Yangon is a former capital of Burma and the capital of Yangon Region . Although the military government has officially relocated the capital to Naypyidaw since March 2006, Yangon, with a population of over four million, continues to be the country's largest city and the most important commercial...

 is the Most Reverend Stephen Than Myint Oo.

Official name

The Church of the Province of Myanmar (formerly Burma) was created as an independent church of Burmese Anglicans in 1970 and changed its name to the Church of the Province of Myanmar when the country's name was changed in 1989.

History

Throughout the colonial period

British rule in Burma

British rule in Burma lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the Anglo-Burmese Wars through the creation of Burma as a province of British India to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally independence...

 the Church of England

Church of England

The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The church considers itself within the tradition of Western Christianity and dates its formal establishment principally to the mission to England by St...

 had a strong presence in the country because the majority of the British belonged to that church. The great majority of the Anglo-Burmese and Anglo-Indian

Anglo-Indian

Anglo-Indians are people who have mixed Indian and British ancestry, or people of British descent born or living in India, now mainly historical in the latter sense. British residents in India used the term "Eurasians" for people of mixed European and Indian descent...

 communities in the country were also Anglicans

Anglicanism

Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising churches with historical connections to the Church of England or similar beliefs, worship and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English...

 and the number of schools run by the Church of England to educate British and Eurasian children increased. Notable schools include St Mary's and St Michael's in Maymyo and Mandalay. Until 1930 the church was part of the Church of England in India but it was then freed from state control and renamed the Church of India, Burma and Ceylon. With independence the number of Anglicans in the country decreased with the departure of the British and the subsequent exodus of the Anglo-Burmese

Anglo-Burmese

The Anglo-Burmese, also known as the Anglo-Burmans, are a community of Eurasians of Burmese and European descent, and emerged as a distinct community through mixed relations between the British and other European settlers and the indigenous peoples of Burma from 1826 until 1948 when Burma gained...

 and Anglo-Indians.

Brief history

• 1825 With British army some Anglican Priests came into Burma, not as missionaries but as army chaplains.
• 1854 S.P.G. ( Society for the Propagation of the Gospel) began its mission in Burma. The interest in missions among the English residents of Burma attracted the attention of the S. P. G. to the country and thus in 1854 the S.P.G. sent his first missionary, Mr. Cockey to Maulmein where educational work had been already begun.
• 1859 The S.P.G. sent Rev. and Mrs. A. Shears from England to missionary school in Maulmein.
• 1860 J. D. Marks, a trained educationalist, arrived, who enlarged and developed the school in Maulmein which had been started.
• 1863 J. D. Marks opened a school in Yangon ( Later this school became St. John’s College). Maung Shwe Zan was baptized by Rev. A. Shears as the first Myanmar native Christian in England. Miss Cook established a school for women, named St. Mary’s Girls school, in Yangon.
• 1868 Invited by the King Mindon, Rev. J. E. Marks went to Mandalay and founded a school as well as started his mission there.
• 1870 Rev. J. E. Marks opened the schools in Zalon, Hanzada and Theyet Myo and started mission in delta.
• 1872 Mission among Tamils was started in Moulmein.
• 1873 Rev. C. Warren started the mission among Burmese in Taungoo.
• 1874 Based in Kemmendine, Rev. J. A. Colbeck started mission among Burmese and other ethnic groups.
• 1875 Because of their internal problem, many Karen Baptists from Taungoo came into Anglican Church and thus the Karen Anglican population increased dramatically in Taungoo.
• 1877 On 24 February, Rangoon Diocese was opened and it was under the Province of Calcutta. Rev J. H. Titcomb was the first bishop of Rangoon. As a first native Burmese, J.San Baw was ordained as a deacon in England.
• 1877-1882 Bishop J. H. Titcomb (the first Bishop of Rangoon (Yangon) )
• 1878 Four Karens were ordained as deacons and they are the first native Karen clergy. Samuel Abishe Ganathan was ordained as the first Tamil deacon and he became the missionary of the Tamils who lived in Moulmein. Since before mission among Chinese was started in Yangon.
• 1882 Bishop Titcomb retired and Rev. Dr. J. M. Strachan who had served in India became the second Bishop of Yangon.
• 1882-1903 Bishop John Miller Strachan (the second Bishop of Rangoon)
• 1883 Rev. J. Fairclough opened a catechetic training school in Kemmdine. Rev.T.Richard started mission in east Pazondaung in Rangoon.
• 1884 Deacon J. San Baw was ordained as priest at the Holy Trinity Church, the pro cathedral.
• 1888 Rev. H. M. Stocking started mission in Shwebo, in middle Burma.
• 1892 Rev. A. H. Ellis started Winchester Mission in Rangoon.
• 1893 Rev. Hackeny opened St.Peter’s Bible School in Taungoo.
• 1894 Making Thayetmyo as his centre, Mr. C. R. Torkington, a layman, started mission among Asho Chins.
• 1899–1900 Taking centre in Prome, Rev. G. Whitehead started mission among Chin tribes.
• 1900 Rev. W. C. B. Purser statted mission in Kyatlatt.
• 1901 After receiving their deacon ordinations, Rev. David Po Sa and Rev. Po Thet who are native Burmese clergy, joined the Kyatlatt mission and they extended their mission to other areas in delta.
• 1903 A. M. Knight became the third Bishop of Rangoon Diocese.
• 1903-1909 Bishop Arthur M. Knight (the third Bishop of Rangoon)
• 1904 Some Pow Karens from Kyaundawkalay located in delta began to enter into Anglican instruction.
• 1907 Mission to Seamen started in Rangoon.
• 1909 Rev. R. S. Fyffe, who served in Mandalay as a missionary of Wnchester Brotherhood became the fourth Bishop of Rangoon Diocese. Pow Karen from Mhawbe near Rangoon began to become Anglicans.
• 1909-1928 Bishop R. S. Fyffe (the fourth Bishop of Rangoon)
• 1910 Anglican mission spread to other Pow Karen areas in delta – Nyanugdone, Pantanaw, Wakema and Shweloung.
• 1914 The first Rangoon Diocesan Council was held in Rangoon. Rev. William Purser opened Kemmendine Blind School. Mrs. William Purser began mission among mothers in Kemmedine.
• 1917 Rev. S. H. Jackson, who was a blind priest and was called as "Apegyi"; meaning, great father for the blind in Myanmar, came to Kemmendine and lead the Kemmendine Blind School.
• 1918 Saya Tawmhwa from St.Paul’s Church of Taungoo was sent as a missionary to Kappli in Pann, the southeast part of Burma.
• 1921 Samuel U Tun who was an Asho Chin, and Nashone Mahn Own Bwint who was a Karen, were ordained as deacons and who were the first clergy for their respective tribes. Peter Khin Maung who the first native B.D. degree holder from Bishop College in Calcutta, obtained the priest ordination.
• 1924 Rev. A. T. Houghton from Bible Churchmen’s Missionary Society started mission among Kachins in Moenhyin.
• 1925 The new version of Burmese Bible, which was translated into Burmese by Bible Society led by Rev. C. E. Garrad, was published.
• 1926 The Bible Churchmen’s Society (B.C.M.S.) started its mission in Hukong areas in Kamine, the northern Burma. Rangoon Diocesan Trust Assiociation was formed.
• 1928 N. H. Tubbs became the fifth Bishop of Rangoon.
• 1928-1935 Bishop Norman Henry Tubbs (the fifth Bishop of Rangoon)
• 1929 Rev. H. Hacking from Bible Churchmen’s Missionary Society started mission among Khume Chings in Palawa.
• 1930 Church of India, Burma and Ceylon was formed and opened.
• 1931 Emmanuel Bible School was opened in Monyin in northern Burma.
• 1932 In August, Conference of the Clergy was held in Rangoon. B.C.M.S. started its mission in Wontho in Shan state.
• 1934 A building for the Bible school was started in Inya road. This building was consecrated in 1935. In the same year the Kukekine Bible School was shifted to that Bible school and it was named as 'Holy Cross College.'
• 1935 Rev. G. A. West who served in Kappli in Pann became the sixth Bishop of Rangoon.
• 1935-1954 Bishop George A. West (the sixth Bishop of Rangoon)
• 1936 On 3 May, as the first Karen national, Saya Saw Satphaw, was ordained as a deacon by B.C.M.S. mission in Monyin.
• 1937 On 25 March, as the first Kachin, U Khamawgum, obtained his deacon ordination. In the same year Emmanuel Church in Monyin was consecrated.
• 1938 Dr. W. B. Johnston opened a missionary hospital in Pinlone in southern Shan State.
• 1939 Rev. A. T. Houghton was elected as the assistant Bishop of Rangoon. Yet, unfortunately, because of World War Two this programme was broken.
• 1940 World War Two came into Burma and foreign missionaries had to depart from the country.
• 1941 In January, the Japanese army crossed the Sanlwin River came and into Burma and the Kappli mission was disconnected with Rangoon. Because of the severe attack of the Japanese army, all missionaries and foreign civilians including their families moved to upper Burma.
• 1942 Rev. George Appleton was appointed as Archdeacon by Bishop West to look after the mission of Burma from India. Since Burma was occupied by the Japanese, all mission works including missionary schools and hospitals were stopped and most native Anglicans dispersed. The native clergy and ministers risked their lives in serving among those dispersed Anglicans in that difficult and dangerous period. Many native martyrs appeared in that period.
• 1945 In July, Bishop West returned from abroad and stayed in Rangoon.
• 1946 To reorganize the church, Bishop West created three archdeaconries, one for Delta, one for Mandalay and one for Toungoo. These posts were filled by national clergy, Rev. Luke Po Kun, Rev. J. Aung Hla and Rev. Ah Mya respectively. Holy Cross College was reopened by Rev. R. W. Garrad.
• 1947 Rangoon Diocesan Council was held in Moylmein. Church of the province of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon was formed as a new province in Anglican Communion.
• 1948 Rev. Mr. Tidey took in charge for Holy Cross College. St. Peter’s Bible School from Taungoo was shifted to Kappli in Paan and Rev. Francis Ah Mya took in charge it.
• 1949 As the first native bishops, Rev. Francis Ah Mya and Rev. John Aung Hla were consecrated as assistant Bishops in Calcutta.
• 1950 The Holy Cross College was closed temporarily.
• 1951 The Emanuel Bible School which was closed for ten years, was reopened by Rev. D.H.Dansey.
• 1952 Rangoon Diocesan Council, which could not be held for five years, was held in Rangoon.
• 1955 Rev. V. G. Shearburn who was a monk from St. Augustine’s Community of Resurrection became the seventh Bishop of Rangoon. U Ta Hwai was ordained as a deacon and he was the first Khume Chin clergy. Holy Cross was reopened with 13 students and Rev. J Maung Pe became the first national Principal.
• 1955-1966 Bishop Victor G. Shearburn (the seventh Bishop of Rangoon)
• 1956 Bishop Shearburn started Summer School.
• 1957 Moulmein Archdeaconry was opened and Bishop Francis An Mya was appointed as Archdeacon there. He started the self supporting programme in Pann.
• 1958 Assistant Bishop John Aung Hla attended the Lambeth Conference held in England, as the first Burmese national.
• 1959 Some students from Holy Cross Theological College were sent abroad for further study. Esther Hla Kyaw, as the first native Karen woman, was appointed as a youth leader.
• 1960 On 23 October, Anglican youth leaders from the whole Burma were invited to The Youth Conference in Rangoon and the conference formed “ Anglican Young People Association ( A.Y.P.A).” Religious Education Department was founded and Ms. Dorothy Lewis became the department head. Taking responsibility as the editor, Rev. Elijah began to published the New Letter of the Church. Hoping to the emergence of the educated clergy. The church sent some young people to universities and after completion of their studies they were also sent to Holy Cross College.
• 1961 As the first Kachin native, Rev. Kushin Hla became the principal of Emanuel Bible School in Monyin. U Tote Yow who is a Khume Chin and U Yone Htow received deacon ordinations.
• 1963 Peter’s Bible School which was closed nearly ten years was shifted to Pann and reopened there.
• 1964 Some graduated young people began to entered Holy Cross College.
• 1965 The Special Evangelism Project was started in Palawa. The Period of Myanmar National Bishops
• 1966 All missionaries had to depart from Burma. On 28 August 1966, Bishop Francis Ah Mya became the first native bishop of Rangoon Diocese. Rangoon Diocesan Men’s Assiociation was formed and U Ba Than became the head of this association. Daw Nelly, a native woman was appointed as the organizer of Mothers' Union. Leading by the bishop the Anglican Churn in Myanmar actively participated in Burma Christian Council. Eleven Anglican graduated young people were sent to Burma Divinity School to pursue higher theological education.
• 1966-1970 Bishop Francis Ah Mya (the first national Bishop of Rangoon Diocese)
• 1967 “ The Three in One Project” was started with sixteen young people in Indaw in Upper Burma. The purpose of this project included three main concerns – to do evangelism with new method, to have self support by doing anima husbandry and cultivation and to create a community of monks and a community of nuns. To reorganize the church to be a well established one, the bishop introduced a plan called “ The New Form of the Church,” and mobilized it till almost all parishes in the whole diocese. The Diocesan Council held in this year made an agreement to create a new Anglican province in Burma. The bishop started self supporting plan.
• 1968 In January, the provincial council of the church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon made the first time approval for this proposal of forming a province in Burma.
• 1970 January, the proposal for forming a new Anglican province in Myanmar was approved by the Provincial Council of the India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon as second time. In February, there appeared “ The Church of the Province of Burma ( Myanmar),” the Myanmar National Anglican Church. Rangoon (Yangon) Diocese, therefore, become one of the diocese in this province. Bishop Francis Ah Mya became the first Archbishop of The Church of The Province of Burma.
• 1970-1973 Archbishop Francis Ah Mya ( The first Archbishop of The Church of The Province of Burma (Myanmar))
• 1971 In December, Anglican Young People Association ( AYPA) presented the first Christian religious play at the memorial hall located in the Baptist headquarter compound. Based on the lives of Christ and the apostles, the religious plays have been presented almost every year since 1971. Evening Bible class for lay people was opened in Anglican Religious Training Centre in Rangoon (Yangon).
• 1972 Central Rangoon ( Yangon) Religious Education Committee was formed.
• 1973 The first summer training course of Central Rangoon Religious Education Committee was started. Leading by AYPA and supporting by Mother’s Union, The Samuel Project was started. The purpose of this project was to produce educated clergymen. The assistant Bishop John Aung Hla became the second Archbishop of the Church of the Province of Myanmar. The worker priests plan was started.
• 1973-1979 Archbishop John Aung Hla (the second Archbishop of The Church of The Province of Burma)
• 1975 Rangoon (Yangon) Diocesan Aid Board was formed.
• 1976 Led by Rev. Toteyow the mission among Lay Myo Chins was started.
• 1979 In June, Bishop Gregory Hla Kyaw, the former Bishop of Pann Diocese, became the third Arch Bishop of the Church of the Province of Myanmar.
• 1979-1987 Archbishop Gregory Hla Kyaw ( The third Archbishop of The Church of the Province of Myanmar)
• 1981 Mindon mission was restarted by the retired Archbishop Francis Ah Mya.
• 1982 The Catechist Training was opened in Anglican Religious Training Centre in Rangoon (Yangon).
• 1984 Partnership in Mission Programme was started.
• 1986 Mission in Hakhine hill was started. The Provincial Council approved Myitkyina Archdeaconry to become Myitkyina Missionary Diocese.
• 1987 Archbishop Gregory passed away.
• 1988 Rev. Andrew Mya Han became the forth Archbishop of the Church of the Province of Myanmar. Rev. Andrew Hla Aung became the bishop of Myitkyina Rev. Samuel San Si Htay, the former principal of Holy Cross Theological College, became the assistant bishop of Yangon.
• 1988-2001 Archbishop Andrew Mya Han (the fourth Archbishop of The Church of The Province of Burma)
• 1991 The church opened the decade of Evangelism.
• 1992 Conferences on evangelism were held in every dioceses and mission works in new areas were started. Taungoo area which was a part of Paan Diocese became Taungoo Missionary and Bishop George Kyaw Mya was the bishop.
• 1993 In place of Bishop San Si Htay who had become the general secretary of Myanmar Council of Churches (MCC), Rev. J. Than Pe, the former Archdeacon of Yangon Diocese, became the Assiatant Bishop of Yangon Diocese. Rev. Tin Maung became the Archdeacon of Yangon Diocese.
• 1994 Led by Mr. Paul A.Chan, St. John College was opened at Holy Trinity Cathedral. In January, Taungoo Missionary Diocese became Taungoo Diocese and Rev. John Wilme, the former principal of Holy Cross Theology College, became the first bishop of Taungoo Diocese.
• 1995 Social Development Projects were started in every diocese.
• 1999 A Bible school was opened in St. Michael’s and all Angels' Church in Kemmendine.
• 2001 Bishop Samuel San Si Htay became the fifth Archbishop of the Church of the Province of Myanmar.
• 2005, Rev. Stephen Than Myint Oo from Holy Cross Theological College became the fifth Diocesan bishop of Hpa-an.
• 2006 the first gathering of Church of the Province of Myanmar was celebrated on Taungoo Diocese.
• 2008 Rev. Mr. Stylo become the Bishop of Hpa-an.
• 2009 Rev. James Min Din former Distributor of Myanmar Bible Society and Secretary of Anglican Young People's Association became the Bishop of Sittwe.
• 2008 In May, the Nargis Cyclone hit the delta area of Myanmar and the CPM involved actively with mission teams for the relief works.
• 2008 Bishop Stephen Than Myint Oo, Diocese of Hpa-an, became the sixth Archbishop of the Church of

the Province of Myanmar. All the Bishops and Archbishop of Myanmar attended the Lambeth Conference.

• 2010 The second Church of the Province of Myanmar gathering, Myitkyina (1–8 December 2010), from six dioceses.

Membership

In 1966 all foreign missionaries were forced to leave the country. Today there are at least 70,000 Anglicans in an estimated population of 50 million in Myanmar.

Structure

The polity of the Church of the Province of Myanmar is episcopacy (church governance with the three-fold ministry), the same as other Anglican churches. The church maintains a system of geographical parish

Parish

A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...

es organized into diocese

Diocese

A diocese is the district or see under the supervision of a bishop. It is divided into parishes.An archdiocese is more significant than a diocese. An archdiocese is presided over by an archbishop whose see may have or had importance due to size or historical significance...

s (there are six of these, each headed by a bishop and assistant bishop).

• (Bishop Stylo) *Hpa-an
• (Bishop Noel Nay Lin) *Mandalay
• (Bishop David Than Lwin) *Mytikyina
• (Bishop James Min Din)*Sittwe
• (Bishop John Willme) *Toungoo
• (Archbishop Stephen Than Myint Oo) *Yangon

Archbishops - Church of the Province of Myanmar (Anglican)

• 1970-1973 Archbishop Francis Ah Mya (first Archbishop of Church of the Province of Myanmar)
• 1973-1979 Archbishop John Aung Hla (second Archbishop of Church of the Province of Myanmar)
• 1979-1987 Archbishop Gregory Hla Kyaw from Hpa-an Diocese (the third Archbishop of The Church of the Province of Myanmar)
• 1988-2011 Rev. Andrew Mya Han from Yangon Diocese (the fourth Archbishop of the Church of the Province of Myanmar)
• 2001-2008 Bishop Samuel San Si Htay from Yangon Diocese (the fifth Archbishop of the Church of the Province of Myanmar.)
• 2008–Present Bishop Stephen Than Myint Oo from Diocese of Hpa-an (the sixth Archbishop of the Church of the Province of Myanmar)

Departments for ministry and mission

There are mainly four departments for ministry and mission under the province,diocese and parish administration.

• Mothers' Union (MU)
• Men's Association (MA)
• Anglican Young People's Association (AYPA)
• Religious Education and Music Department (REM)

Worship and liturgy

The Church of the Province of Myanmar embraces three orders of ordained ministry: deacon, priest and bishop. A local version of the Book of Common Prayer

Book of Common Prayer

The Book of Common Prayer is the short title of a number of related prayer books used in the Anglican Communion, as well as by the Continuing Anglican, "Anglican realignment" and other Anglican churches. The original book, published in 1549 , in the reign of Edward VI, was a product of the English...

 is used.

Doctrine and practice

The centre of the Church of the Province of Myanmar's teaching is the life and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The basic teachings of the church, or catechism

Catechism

A catechism , i.e. to indoctrinate) is a summary or exposition of doctrine, traditionally used in Christian religious teaching from New Testament times to the present...

, includes:

• Jesus Christ is fully human and fully God. He died and was resurrected from the dead.
• Jesus provides the way of eternal life for those who believe.
• The Old and New Testaments of the Bible were written by people "under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit". The Apocrypha are additional books that are used in Christian worship but not for the formation of doctrine.
• The two great and necessary sacraments
  Anglican sacraments
  In keeping with its prevailing self-identity as a via media or "middle path" of Western Christianity, Anglican sacramental theology expresses elements in keeping with its status as a church in the Catholic tradition and a church of the Reformation...
  
   are Holy Baptism
  Baptism
  In Christianity, baptism is for the majority the rite of admission , almost invariably with the use of water, into the Christian Church generally and also membership of a particular church tradition...
  
   and Holy Eucharist
  Eucharist
  The Eucharist , also called Holy Communion, the Sacrament of the Altar, the Blessed Sacrament, the Lord's Supper, and other names, is a Christian sacrament or ordinance...
  
  
• Other sacramental rites
  Anglican sacraments
  In keeping with its prevailing self-identity as a via media or "middle path" of Western Christianity, Anglican sacramental theology expresses elements in keeping with its status as a church in the Catholic tradition and a church of the Reformation...
  
   are confirmation, ordination
  Ordination
  In general religious use, ordination is the process by which individuals are consecrated, that is, set apart as clergy to perform various religious rites and ceremonies. The process and ceremonies of ordination itself varies by religion and denomination. One who is in preparation for, or who is...
  
  , marriage
  Marriage
  Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
  
  , reconciliation of a penitent
  Confession
  This article is for the religious practice of confessing one's sins.Confession is the acknowledgment of sin or wrongs...
  
    and unction.
• Belief in heaven
  Heaven
  Heaven, the Heavens or Seven Heavens, is a common religious cosmological or metaphysical term for the physical or transcendent place from which heavenly beings originate, are enthroned or inhabit...
  
   and hell
  Hell
  In many religious traditions, a hell is a place of suffering and punishment in the afterlife. Religions with a linear divine history often depict hells as endless. Religions with a cyclic history often depict a hell as an intermediary period between incarnations...
  
   and Jesus's return in glory
  Second Coming
  In Christian doctrine, the Second Coming of Christ, the Second Advent, or the Parousia, is the anticipated return of Jesus Christ from Heaven, where he sits at the Right Hand of God, to Earth. This prophecy is found in the canonical gospels and in most Christian and Islamic eschatologies...
  
  .

The threefold sources of authority in Anglicanism are scripture, tradition and reason. These three sources uphold and critique each other in a dynamic way. This balance of scripture, tradition and reason is traced to the work of Richard Hooker

Richard Hooker

Richard Hooker was an Anglican priest and an influential theologian. Hooker's emphases on reason, tolerance and the value of tradition came to exert a lasting influence on the development of the Church of England...

, a sixteenth century apologist. In Hooker's model scripture is the primary means of arriving at doctrine and things stated plainly in scripture are accepted as true. Issues that are ambiguous are determined by tradition, which is checked by reason.

Ecumenical relations

Like many other Anglican churches, the Church of the Province of Myanmar is a member of many ecumenical bodies, including the World Council of Churches

World Council of Churches

The World Council of Churches is a worldwide fellowship of 349 global, regional and sub-regional, national and local churches seeking unity, a common witness and Christian service. It is a Christian ecumenical organization that is based in the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland...

.

Further reading

• Neill, Stephen Anglicanism. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1965.
• Purser, W. C. B. Christian Missions in Burma. London: Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 1911
• http://www.ttc.edu.sg/csca/rart_doc/ang/my-ang-tl.html
• http://anglicanhistory.org/asia/burma/index.html

External links

• Church of Myanmar webpage on the Anglican Communion website