Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 1922
Encyclopedia
| Country | Number of Electors |
|---|---|
| Italy Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was its legal predecessor state... |
30 |
| France French Third Republic The French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France... |
5 |
| Spain Spain under the Restoration The Restoration was the name given to the period that began on December 29, 1874 after the First Spanish Republic ended with the restoration of Alfonso XII to the throne after a coup d'état by Martinez Campos, and ended on April 14, 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.After... |
4 |
| Germany Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government... |
3 |
| Austria First Austrian Republic The Republic of Austria encompasses the period of Austrian history following the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye of September 1919, the settlement after the end of World War I which put an end to the Republic of German Austria, continuing up to World War II... , United Kingdom United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages... , Poland Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was... |
2 |
| Belgium Belgium Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many... , The Netherlands, Hungary Hungary between the two world wars This article is about the history of Hungary from October 1918 to November 1940.-Hungarian Democratic Republic:On October 31, 1918, the Hungarian Democratic Republic was created by revolution that started in Budapest after the dissolution and break-up of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I... , Ireland Ireland Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth... , Portugal Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the... |
1 |
The following were the cardinal electors in the 1922 papal conclave
Papal conclave, 1922
After a reign of just eight years, Pope Benedict XV died on 22 January 1922 of pneumonia. At his death there were 61 members of the College of Cardinals. However, later that same day, Enrique Almaraz y Santos, the Archbishop of Toledo, died, leaving a college of 60 cardinals to elect Pope...
. Arranged by region (not by the linguistic groups commonly used in universal church senacles), and within each alphabetically (not the official order of precedence, which is not relevant to conclave procedure). Seven out of the sixty electors did not participate in the conclave: William Henry O'Connell
William Henry O'Connell
William Henry O'Connell was an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Boston from 1907 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1911.-Early life:...
, Dennis Joseph Dougherty
Dennis Joseph Dougherty
Dennis Joseph Dougherty was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Philadelphia from 1918 until his death in 1951, and was created a cardinal in 1921.-Early life and education:...
, Louis-Nazaire Bégin, José María Martín de Herrera y de la Iglesia, Lev Skrbenský z Hříště
Lev Skrbenský z Hríšte
Lev Skrbenský z Hříště, , also spelt Skrebensky was a prominent Cardinal in the Catholic Church during the early twentieth century....
, Giuseppe Prisco
Giuseppe Prisco
Giuseppe Antonio Ermenegildo Prisco was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, who served as Archbishop of Naples.-Biography:Prisco was born in Boscotrecase, near Naples...
, and Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti
Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti
Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti was the first Cardinal to be born in Latin America and the first cardinal from any South American diocese Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti (January 17, 1850, Cimbres, Pernambuco, Brazil – April 18, 1930, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)...
.
Roman CuriaRoman CuriaThe Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Catholic Church, together with the Pope...
- Gaetano BisletiGaetano BisletiGaetano Bisleti S.T.D. was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was former Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education.Gaetano Bisleti was born in Veroli, Italy...
, Prefect of Seminaries and UniversitiesCongregation for Catholic EducationThe Congregation for Catholic Education is the Pontifical congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for: seminaries and houses of formation of... - Ottavio Cagiano de AzevedoOttavio Cagiano de AzevedoOttavio Cagiano de Azevedo was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for Religious from 1913 to 1915, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1905.-Biography:...
, Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church - Giovanni CaglieroGiovanni CaglieroGiovanni Cagliero SDB was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Apostolic Delegate to Nicaragua from 1908 to 1915, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1915.-Biography:...
, SDBSalesians of Don BoscoThe Salesians of Don Bosco is a Roman Catholic religious order founded in the late nineteenth century by Saint John Bosco in an attempt, through works of charity, to care for the young and poor children of the industrial revolution...
, Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati - Pietro GasparriPietro GasparriPietro Gasparri was a Roman Catholic archbishop, diplomat and politician in the Roman Curia and signatory of the Lateran Pacts.- Biography :...
, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church - Francis Aidan Gasquet, OSBOrder of Saint BenedictThe Order of Saint Benedict is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of St. Benedict. Within the order, each individual community maintains its own autonomy, while the organization as a whole exists to represent their mutual interests...
, Librarian of Vatican LibraryVatican LibraryThe Vatican Library is the library of the Holy See, currently located in Vatican City. It is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. Formally established in 1475, though in fact much older, it has 75,000 codices from...
, Archivist of Vatican Secret ArchivesVatican Secret ArchivesThe Vatican Secret Archives , located in Vatican City, is the central repository for all of the acts promulgated by the Holy See. The Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, having primal incumbency until death, owns the archives until the next appointed Papal successor... - Oreste GiorgiOreste GiorgiOreste Giorgi was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was former Major Penitentiary of Apostolic Penitentiary.Oreste Giorgi in Valmontone, Italy. He was educated at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome.-Priesthood:...
, Major PenitentiaryApostolic PenitentiaryThe Apostolic Penitentiary, formerly called the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Penitentiary, is one of the three tribunals of the Roman Curia. The Apostolic Penitentiary is chiefly a tribunal of mercy, responsible for issues relating to the forgiveness of sins in the Catholic Church.The... - Gennaro Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte, Cardinal-Bishop of Albano
- Gaetano de LaiGaetano de LaiGaetano de Lai was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was part of the Roman Curia. He was an outspoken defender of the French monarchist Action française....
, Secretary of ConsistorialCongregation for BishopsThe Congregation for Bishops is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the selection of new bishops that are not in mission territories or those areas that come under the jurisdiction of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches who deal with the Eastern Catholics, pending papal... - Camillo LaurentiCamillo LaurentiCamillo Laurenti was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites from 1929 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1921.-Biography:...
, Consultor of Oriental Churches - Michele LegaMichele LegaMichele Lega S.T.D. J.U.D. was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Prefect of the Congregation for the Discipline of Sacraments....
, Prefect of Discipline of the SacramentsCongregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the SacramentsThe Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments is the congregation of the Roman Curia that handles most affairs relating to liturgical practices of the Latin Catholic Church as distinct from the Eastern Catholic Churches and also some technical matters relating to the... - Niccolò MariniNiccolò MariniNiccolò Marini was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as secretary of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches from 1917 to 1922, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1916.-Biography:...
, Secretary of Oriental Churches - Rafael Merry del Val, Secretary of Holy Office
- Vittorio Ranuzzi de' BianchiVittorio Ranuzzi de' BianchiVittorio Amedeo Ranuzzi de' Bianchi was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as papal majordomo from 1914 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1916.-Biography:...
, Papal majordomoPapal majordomoThe papal majordomo or chief steward of the household of the pope is one of the three palatine prelates , concerning whom particulars have been given in the article maestro di camera.... - Willem van Rossum, CSSRCongregation of the Most Holy RedeemerThe Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer is a Roman Catholic missionary Congregation founded by Saint Alphonsus Liguori at Scala, near Amalfi, Italy for the purpose of labouring among the neglected country people in the neighbourhood of Naples.Members of the Congregation, priests and brothers,...
, Prefect of Propagation of the FaithCongregation for the Evangelization of PeoplesThe Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples in Rome is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for missionary work and related activities... - Donato Sbarretti, Prefect of CouncilCongregation for the ClergyThe Sacred Congregation for the Clergy is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for overseeing matters regarding priests and deacons not belonging to religious orders...
- Raffaele Scapinelli di LéguignoRaffaele Scapinelli di LéguignoRaffaele Scapinelli di Leguigno was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Prefect of the Congregation of the Affairs of Religious from 1918 to 1920, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1915....
, Prefect emeritus of ReligiousCongregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic LifeThe Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for everything which concerns institutes of consecrated life and Society of Apostolic Life regarding their government, discipline, studies, goods, rights, and... - Augusto SiljAugusto SiljAugusto Silj J.U.D. was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura.Augusto Silj was born in Calcara di Visso, Italy...
, Prefect of Apostolic SignaturaApostolic SignaturaThe Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura is the highest judicial authority in the Catholic Church... - Giovanni Tacci PorcelliGiovanni Tacci PorcelliGiovanni Tacci Porcelli was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Secretary of the Congregation for Oriental Churches from 1922 to 1927, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1921.-Biography:...
, Prefect emeritus of Pontifical Household - Teodoro Valfre di BonzoTeodoro Valfre di BonzoTeodoro Valfre di Bonzo J.C.D. S.T.D. was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was former Prefect of Sacred Congregation of Religious....
, Prefect of ReligiousCongregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic LifeThe Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for everything which concerns institutes of consecrated life and Society of Apostolic Life regarding their government, discipline, studies, goods, rights, and... - Vincenzo Vannutelli, Dean of the College of CardinalsDean of the College of CardinalsThe Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. The Dean is not necessarily the longest-serving member of the whole College...
- Antonio Vico, Prefect of Rites
ItalyKingdom of Italy (1861–1946)The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was its legal predecessor state...
- Alessio AscalesiAlessio AscalesiAlessio Ascalesi was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Naples.-Biography:Ascalesi was born in Casalnuovo, near Naples. He joined the priesthood and entered the Seminary of Spoleto. He was ordained on 8 June 1895. He joined the Congregation of the Most Precious Blood...
, CPPSMissionaries of the Precious BloodThe Missionaries of the Precious Blood form a community of priests and brothers within the Latin Church, one of the 23 sui iuris churches which make up the universal Catholic Church. The Society was founded by Saint Gaspar del Bufalo in 1815...
, Archbishop of Benevento - Bartolomeo BacilieriBartolomeo BacilieriBartolomeo Bacilieri was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Verona from 1900 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1901.-Biography:...
, Bishop of VeronaBishopric of VeronaThe diocese of Verona is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in northern Italy. It has its seat in Verona, Veneto.-History:The Carmen Pipinianum , which includes a description of Verona and its churches, gives a list of the first eight bishops: St... - Tommaso Pio BoggianiTommaso Pio BoggianiTommaso Pio Boggiani O.P. was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Genoa....
, OPDominican OrderThe Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III on 22 December 1216 in France...
, Emeritus Archbishop of Genoa - Pietro La Fontaine, Patriarch of VenicePatriarch of VeniceThe Patriarch of Venice is the ordinary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Venice. The bishop is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church...
- Giuseppe Francica-Nava di BontiféGiuseppe Francica-Nava di BontiféGiuseppe Francica-Nava de Bontifè was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Catania from 1895 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1899.-Biography:...
, Archbishop of Catania - Alessandro LualdiAlessandro LualdiAlessandro Lualdi J.C.D. S.T.D. was a Roman Catholic Cardinal who served as Archbishop of Palermo.Lualdi was born in Milan, Italy. He entered the Seminary of Milan and carried on further studies at the Theological Academy of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Rome where he earned doctorates in theology,...
, Archbishop of PalermoRoman Catholic Archdiocese of PalermoThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Palermo was founded as the Diocese of Palermo in the 1st Century but was raised to the level of an archdiocese in the 11th century... - Pietro MaffiPietro MaffiPietro Maffi was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Pisa from 1903 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1907.-Biography:...
, Archbishop of PisaRoman Catholic Archdiocese of PisaThe Archdiocese of Pisa is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was founded in the 4th century and elevated to the dignity of an archdiocese on 21 April 1092, by Pope Urban II. Its mother church is the Cathedral in the Piazza del Duomo... - Alfonso MistrangeloAlfonso MistrangeloAlfonso Maria Mistrangelo was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Florence from 1899 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1915.-Biography:...
, SchPPiaristsThe Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools or, in short, Piarists , is the name of the oldest Catholic educational order also known as the Scolopi, Escolapios or Poor Clerics of the Mother of God...
, Archbishop of FlorenceRoman Catholic Archdiocese of FlorenceThe Archdiocese of Florence is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Italy. Traditionally founded in the 1st century, it was elevated to the dignity of an archdiocese on May 10, 1419, by Pope Martin V. Its mother church is the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore, which has as its pastor the... - Basilio PompiljBasilio PompiljBasilio Pompilj was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Vicar General of Rome from 1913 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1911.-Biography:...
, Vicar General of RomeCardinal VicarCardinal Vicar is a title commonly given to the vicar general of the diocese of Rome for the portion of the diocese within Italy. The official title, as given in the Annuario Pontificio , is "Vicar General of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome"... - Francesco RagonesiFrancesco RagonesiFrancesco Cardinal Ragonesi S.T.D. J.U.D. was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was the Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura....
, Nuncio emeritus to SpainSpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula... - Achille RattiPope Pius XIPope Pius XI , born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was Pope from 6 February 1922, and sovereign of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929 until his death on 10 February 1939...
, Archbishop of MilanRoman Catholic Archdiocese of MilanThe Archdiocese of Milan is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has long maintained its own rite: the Ambrosian rite. It is led by the Archbishop of Milan who serves as metropolitan to the dioceses of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Crema, Cremona, Lodi, Mantova, Pavia, and Vigevano.The...
(was elected Pope and chose the name Pius XI) - Agostino RichelmyAgostino RichelmyAgostino Richelmy was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Turin from 1897 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1899.-Early life and education:...
, Archbishop of TurinRoman Catholic Archdiocese of TurinThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Turin is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. Founded in the 4th century and elevated to the dignity of an archdiocese on 21 May 1515, by Pope Leo X. Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist...
FranceFrench Third RepublicThe French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France...
- Pierre AndrieuPierre AndrieuPierre-Paulin Andrieu was a French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and archbishop of Bordeaux et Bazes....
, Archbishop of BordeauxArchbishopric of BordeauxThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bordeaux, the full name of which since 20 November 1937 has been the Archdiocese of Bordeaux-Bazas, is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in France. The episcopal seat is located in Bordeaux, Aquitaine... - Louis BillotLouis BillotLouis Billot was a French Jesuit priest and theologian. Raised to the cardinalate in 1911, he resigned from it in 1927, the only cleric to have done so in the twentieth century.-Biography:Louis Billot was born in and studied at the seminaries in Metz, Bordeaux, and Blois...
, SJSociety of JesusThe Society of Jesus is a Catholic male religious order that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits, and are also known colloquially as "God's Army" and as "The Company," these being references to founder Ignatius of Loyola's military background and a... - Louis-Ernest DuboisLouis-Ernest DuboisLouis-Ernest Dubois was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Paris. He played a leading role in the period of adjustment to the separation of Church and State in France.-Early life:...
, Archbishop of ParisArchbishop of ParisThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris is one of twenty-three archdioceses of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The original diocese is traditionally thought to have been created in the 3rd century by St. Denis and corresponded with the Civitas Parisiorum; it was elevated to an archdiocese on... - Louis LuçonLouis LuçonLouis-Henri-Joseph Luçon J.C.D. S.T.D. was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was former Archbishop of Reims....
, Archbishop of ReimsArchbishop of ReimsThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. Erected as a diocese around 250 by St. Sixtus, the diocese was elevated to an archdiocese around 750... - Louis-Joseph MaurinLouis-Joseph MaurinLouis-Joseph Maurin was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Lyon.Maurin was ordained to the priesthood on 8 April 1882 in Rome. He did pastoral work in the diocese of Marseille from 1882 until 1911...
, Archbishop of Lyon
SpainSpain under the RestorationThe Restoration was the name given to the period that began on December 29, 1874 after the First Spanish Republic ended with the restoration of Alfonso XII to the throne after a coup d'état by Martinez Campos, and ended on April 14, 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.After...
- Juan Benlloch y VivóJuan Benlloch y VivóJoan Baptista Benlloch i Vivó was a Valencian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Burgos from 1919 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1921.- Biography :...
, Archbishop of BurgosRoman Catholic Archdiocese of BurgosThe Archdiocese of Burgos has been since the tenth century an episcopal see of Spain, to which in the eleventh century the ancient Sees of Oca and Valpuesta were transferred. In 1574 Pope Gregory XIII raised it to metropolitan rank, at the request of King Philip II... - Juan Soldevilla y RomeroJuan Soldevilla y RomeroJuan Soldevilla y Romero was a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Zaragoza from 1901 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1919.-Biography:...
, Archbishop of Zaragoza - Francisco Vidal y BarraquerFrancisco Vidal y BarraquerFrancisco de Asís Vidal y Barraquer was a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Tarragona from 1919 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1921....
, Archbishop of Tarragona
GermanyWeimar RepublicThe Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government...
- Adolf Bertram, Archbishop of Breslau
- Michael von Faulhaber, Archbishop of Münich und Freising
- Karl Joseph SchulteKarl Joseph SchulteKarl Joseph Schulte , was a German Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Cologne from 1920 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1921.-Biography:...
, Archbishop of Cologne
AustriaFirst Austrian RepublicThe Republic of Austria encompasses the period of Austrian history following the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye of September 1919, the settlement after the end of World War I which put an end to the Republic of German Austria, continuing up to World War II...
- Andreas Franz FrühwirthAndreas Franz FrühwirthAndreas Franz Frühwirth was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was former Major Penitentiary of Apostolic Penitentiary....
, OPDominican OrderThe Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III on 22 December 1216 in France...
, NuncioNuncioNuncio is an ecclesiastical diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin word, Nuntius, meaning "envoy." This article addresses this title as well as derived similar titles, all within the structure of the Roman Catholic Church...
emeritus to Bavaria - Friedrich Gustav PifflFriedrich Gustav PifflFriedrich Gustav Piffl was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Vienna.Gustav Piffl was born in Lanškroun, Bohemia in what was then Austria-Hungary. He was the son of Rudolf Piffl who was a bookseller and shopkeeper. He volunteered for a year in the Austrian army in his early...
, CCRSAIndependent Augustinian CommunitiesIndependent Augustinian communities are Roman Catholic religious communities that follow the Augustinian Rule, but are not under the jurisdiction of the Prior General of the Augustinian hermits in Rome....
, Archbishop of ViennaArchbishop of ViennaThe Archbishop of Vienna is the prelate of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna who is concurrently the metropolitan bishop of its ecclesiastical province which includes the dioceses of Eisenstadt, Linz and St. Pölten....
PolandSecond Polish RepublicThe Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
- Edmund DalborEdmund DalborEdmund Dalbor was a Polish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Gniezno and Poznań, thus Primate of Poland, from 1915 until his death. Dalbor was elevated to the cardinalate in 1919....
, Archbishop of Gniezno and Poznań - Aleksander Kakowski, Archbishop of Warsaw
BelgiumBelgiumBelgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
- Désiré-Joseph MercierDésiré-Joseph Mercier-Early life and ordination:Désiré Mercier was born at the château du Castegier in Braine-l'Alleud, as the fifth of the seven children of Paul-Léon Mercier and his wife Anne-Marie Barbe Croquet....
, Archbishop of Mechelen
HungaryHungary between the two world warsThis article is about the history of Hungary from October 1918 to November 1940.-Hungarian Democratic Republic:On October 31, 1918, the Hungarian Democratic Republic was created by revolution that started in Budapest after the dissolution and break-up of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I...
- János CsernochJános CsernochJános Csernoch S.T.D. was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Esztergom and Primate of Hungary....
, Archbishop of EsztergomArchdiocese of Esztergom-BudapestThe Metropolitan Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest is part of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary. It represents two Hungarian cities, Esztergom and the national capital Budapest...