Louis-Ernest Dubois
Encyclopedia
Louis-Ernest Dubois was a Roman Catholic Cardinal
and Archbishop of Paris
. He played a leading role in the period of adjustment to the separation of Church and State
in France.
(Sarthe
) to a family from the adjacent commune of St. Gervais. He was educated at the Seminary
of Le Mans. He was ordained on 20 September 1879.
After his ordaination he worked in the diocese of Le Mans from 1879 until 1898. He was editor of Semaine du fidèle in 1888. He served as Vicar general
of the diocese of Le Mans from 1898 until 1901.
appointed him Bishop of Verdun on 18 April 1901. Verdun was one of only two French cities where the bishop was not obliged to leave his palace in 1905.
He was promoted to the metropolitan see of Bourges in 1909. He spent until 1916 in Bourges until he was transferred to metropolitan see of Rouen on 13 March 1916.
to title) in the consistory
of December 4 1916.
He was transferred to become Archbishop of Paris
on 13 December 1920. He took part in the conclave of 1922
that electe Pope Pius XI
. Dubois played a conciliatory role in relations with French authorities. He established an ordinariate (under Msgr. Chaptal, a descendant of the Napoleonic Interior Minister)to co-ordinate, thereby increasing French clerical control of the work of foreign language Catholic chaplaincies in Paris). He remained as Archbishop of Paris until his death in 1929. He is buried in Notre-Dame de Paris.
was under threat from the Turkish authorities, and the incumbent patriarch forced to leave the country, he led an unofficial mission on behalf of the French Government. The British reacted to this incident by sending a naval squadron, thus giving rise to the Perote
saying (Pera was the diplomatic and cosmopolitan quarter of Constantinople) "les Anglais ont envoyé de l'acier et les Français Dubois".
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
and Archbishop of Paris
Archbishop of Paris
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris is one of twenty-three archdioceses of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The original diocese is traditionally thought to have been created in the 3rd century by St. Denis and corresponded with the Civitas Parisiorum; it was elevated to an archdiocese on...
. He played a leading role in the period of adjustment to the separation of Church and State
Separation of church and state
The concept of the separation of church and state refers to the distance in the relationship between organized religion and the nation state....
in France.
Early life
He was born in Saint-CalaisSaint-Calais
Saint-Calais is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays-de-la-Loire in north-western France.Prior to the French Revolution it was known for its Benedictine abbey named after the Anisola stream . Saint-Calais is a later name coming from one of the local saints of the Perche area....
(Sarthe
Sarthe
Sarthe is a French department, named after the Sarthe River.- History :The department was created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790, pursuant to the law of December 22, 1789, starting from a part of the province of Maine which was divided into two departments, Sarthe to the east and...
) to a family from the adjacent commune of St. Gervais. He was educated at the Seminary
Seminary
A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is an institution of secondary or post-secondary education for educating students in theology, generally to prepare them for ordination as clergy or for other ministry...
of Le Mans. He was ordained on 20 September 1879.
After his ordaination he worked in the diocese of Le Mans from 1879 until 1898. He was editor of Semaine du fidèle in 1888. He served as Vicar general
Vicar general
A vicar general is the principal deputy of the bishop of a diocese for the exercise of administrative authority. As vicar of the bishop, the vicar general exercises the bishop's ordinary executive power over the entire diocese and, thus, is the highest official in a diocese or other particular...
of the diocese of Le Mans from 1898 until 1901.
Episcopate
Pope Leo XIIIPope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII , born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci to an Italian comital family, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903...
appointed him Bishop of Verdun on 18 April 1901. Verdun was one of only two French cities where the bishop was not obliged to leave his palace in 1905.
He was promoted to the metropolitan see of Bourges in 1909. He spent until 1916 in Bourges until he was transferred to metropolitan see of Rouen on 13 March 1916.
Cardinalate
He was created and proclaimed Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Aquiro (deaconry elevated pro hac vicePro hac vice
Pro hac vice , Latin: "for this occasion" or "for this event", is a legal term usually referring to a lawyer who has not been admitted to practice in a certain jurisdiction but has been allowed to participate in a particular case in that jurisdiction.The right to appear pro hac vice is not...
to title) in the consistory
Consistory
-Antiquity:Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together', just as the Greek synedrion ....
of December 4 1916.
He was transferred to become Archbishop of Paris
Archbishop of Paris
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris is one of twenty-three archdioceses of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The original diocese is traditionally thought to have been created in the 3rd century by St. Denis and corresponded with the Civitas Parisiorum; it was elevated to an archdiocese on...
on 13 December 1920. He took part in the conclave of 1922
Papal conclave, 1922
After a reign of just eight years, Pope Benedict XV died on 22 January 1922 of pneumonia. At his death there were 61 members of the College of Cardinals. However, later that same day, Enrique Almaraz y Santos, the Archbishop of Toledo, died, leaving a college of 60 cardinals to elect Pope...
that electe Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI , born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was Pope from 6 February 1922, and sovereign of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929 until his death on 10 February 1939...
. Dubois played a conciliatory role in relations with French authorities. He established an ordinariate (under Msgr. Chaptal, a descendant of the Napoleonic Interior Minister)to co-ordinate, thereby increasing French clerical control of the work of foreign language Catholic chaplaincies in Paris). He remained as Archbishop of Paris until his death in 1929. He is buried in Notre-Dame de Paris.
Anecdote
When the existence of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in ConstantinopleConstantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
was under threat from the Turkish authorities, and the incumbent patriarch forced to leave the country, he led an unofficial mission on behalf of the French Government. The British reacted to this incident by sending a naval squadron, thus giving rise to the Perote
Perote
Perote is a city and municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name, which borders onLas Vigas de Ramírez, Acajete, Xico and Tlalnelhuayocan, and the state of Puebla...
saying (Pera was the diplomatic and cosmopolitan quarter of Constantinople) "les Anglais ont envoyé de l'acier et les Français Dubois".