Berane
Encyclopedia
Berane formerly Ivangrad, is a town in north-eastern Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...

. It has a population of 11,776 (2003 census).

Berane is the centre of municipality (population of 35,068) and one of the centres of Polimlje area, named after the Lim River
Lim River
The Lim is a river flowing through Montenegro, Albania, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. long, it's the right and the longest tributary of the Drina.- Montenegro and Serbia :...

, on which Berane is situated.

History

During the medieval period the Montenegrin land of Berane was known as Budimlja. It was of great holistic, political, and economic importance in the Serbian state of Raška
Raška (state)
Principality of Serbia or Serbian Principality was an early medieval state of the Serbs ruled by the Vlastimirović dynasty, that existed from ca 768 to 969 in Southeastern Europe. It was established through an unification of several provincial chiefs under the supreme rule of a certain Višeslav,...

. Saint Sava
Saint Sava
Saint Sava was a Serbian Prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church, the founder of Serbian law and literature, and a diplomat. Sava was born Rastko Nemanjić , the youngest son of Serbian Grand Župan Stefan Nemanja , and ruled the appanage of Hum briefly in...

, the first Serbian archbishop
Archbishop
An archbishop is a bishop of higher rank, but not of higher sacramental order above that of the three orders of deacon, priest , and bishop...

, founded here one of the first Serbian episcopates in 1219. The Monastery Đurđevi Stupovi was built by the end of 12th century by Prvoslav, the son of Nemanja's
Stefan Nemanja
Stefan Nemanja was the Grand Prince of the Grand Principality of Serbia from 1166 to 1196, a heir of the Vukanović dynasty that marked the beginning of a greater Serbian realm .He is remembered for his contributions to Serbian culture and...

 brother Tihomir. Many monasteries and churches tell the story on the rich holistic life of Serbs in this area. There were seven bishops and nine metropolitans. Literary and painting schools existed in this Monastery. Apart from Đurđevi Stupovi, the second most important monastery in this area was Sudikovo, which was destroyed and burned by the Turks
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...

 in 1738.

Archbishop's throne was vacant for more than 350 years. However, the Budimlja episcopate, known as the Budimlja-Nikšić eparchy has been restored in 2002 upon the appointment of bishop Joanikije.

The area of Berane municipality and its wider neighborhood, was part of the Medieval Serbian state until 1455, when Turks took the city of Bihor
Bihor, Montenegro
Bihor is a geographical region in northeastern Montenegro. The region is within two municipalities, Berane and Bijelo Polje. It was named after Bihor, a former medieval town that was near Bijelo Polje. The region mainly consists of ethnic Bosniaks....

 and Budimlja. This valley was populated with Serbians until mid of 17th century, when it went under terrible suffering and many of them left. The Turks distributed the land to the islamized population.

During the First Serbian Uprising
First Serbian Uprising
The First Serbian Uprising was the first stage of the Serbian Revolution , the successful wars of independence that lasted for 9 years and approximately 9 months , during which Serbia perceived itself as an independent state for the first time after more than three centuries of Ottoman rule and...

 (1804) and Karađorđe's (Leader of the uprising in Serbia) marched to Novi Pazar
Novi Pazar
Novi Pazar is a city and municipality located in southwest Serbia, in the Raška District. According to the official census in 2011, number of inhabitants of municipality is 92,776, while the city itself has a population of 60,638...

, Sanjak, and the people of this area rebelled and met the Serbian dukes Anto Bogićević and Hadži-Prodan Gligorijević. Then, Mojsije Zečević, prior of Đurđevi Stupovi Monastery, had the leading role among Orthodox
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece,...

 people of Budimlja. He was one of the closest allies of Petar I (Cetinjski)
Petar I Petrovic-Njegoš
Petar I Petrović Njegoš was the ruler of Montenegro, the Cetinje Episcop of the Serbian Orthodox Church and Exarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church throne. He was the most popular spiritual and military leader from the Petrović dynasty...

 and Petar II Petrović-Njegoš
Petar II Petrovic-Njegoš
Petar II Petrović-Njegoš , was a Serbian Orthodox Prince-Bishop of Montenegro , who transformed Montenegro from a theocracy into a secular state. However, he is most famous as a poet...

, archbishops and political leaders of Montenegro.

Since the First Serbian Uprising until its final liberation, fights against Turks were constant, especially during the second part of the 19th century. Famous battles occurred from 1825, until 1862, but the most important one was Rudes battle on 7 April 1862, in which the Serbian and Montenegrin rebels won. Berane was finally liberated from Turks in 1912.

During the second World War, there was a terrible civil war, between Partisans
Partisans (Yugoslavia)
The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans were a Communist-led World War II anti-fascist resistance movement in Yugoslavia...

 (communists) and Chetniks
Chetniks
Chetniks, or the Chetnik movement , were Serbian nationalist and royalist paramilitary organizations from the first half of the 20th century. The Chetniks were formed as a Serbian resistance against the Ottoman Empire in 1904, and participated in the Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II...

 (nationalists). During the communists' reprisals in 1944 and 1945 around 4,000 people were killed.
From July 1949 to March 1992, Berane was known as Ivangrad as a tribute to Ivan Milutinović. In 1992, its original name was restored.

Culture

The main impact for the development of culture of this area historically, and up to recent times, came from the Serb Orthodox Church, or it monasteries in the area: Šudikova, Đurdjevi Stupovi and other, as the cornerstones of spirituality of the Serb population, as previousli mentioned. That part is later to a certain extent taken over by schools, and, more and more institutions dealing with culture.
A special role in that process was that of the Berane Gymnasium, founded in 1913. Its classrooms were a hpme to many prominent artist and scientists in various disciplines. Lets just mention great writers: Mihailo Lalić
Mihailo Lalic
Mihailo Lalić was a famous novelist of Montenegrin and Serbian literature. He is considered by some to be among the greatest authors from Montenegro.-Overview:...

, Dušan Kostić, Radovan Zogović
Radovan Zogovic
Radovan Zogović was one of the greatest Montenegrin poets of the 20th century....

, or, for example, painters: Jovan Zonjić and Mišo Popović.
The institutions in Berane that are still working in culture, there are: Cultural Centre (with the library), and Polimski Museum, with a very rich collection of valuable artefacts; and the House of the Duke Gavro Vuković
Gavro Vukovic
Vojvoda Gavro Vuković was a Montenegrin voivode and writer.-Biography:Gavro Vuković was the son of Montenegrin senator, hero, and chief Miljan Vukov from the Vasojević clan....

 the first jurist with a university degree, a long term Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Princehood of Montenegro, and the writerof famous “Memoirs”has been reconstructed, planned to be used for cultural events.
Berane also has a school for primary musical education, and there are also few amateur clubs and societies in various disciplines of artistic creation.

Education

There are 13 elementary schools, four secondary schools and one school for elementary musical education in municipality of Berane. Berane has four institutions of higher education: Faculty of management in transport and communications, Faculty of Teacher-training, Higher Medical School and Applied Computer engineering (study program of Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Podgorica)

Science

Berane, as is usually the case with small communities, does not have a specialized scientific institution, but in spite that fact, many prominent scientists from various scientific disciplines come from here.

A remarkable contribution to science was given by, among others, chemist Vukić Mićović, bacteriologist Milutin Đurišić, geographer Milisav Lutovac, and historian Miomir Dašić.

Economy

The municipality of Berane is one of the poorest in the Republic of Montenegro. The level of industrial production is very low, since a big number of companies have stopped working in the past 15 years due to the known crisis in former Yugoslavia.

In the earlier period (60’s and 70’s) many village, agricultural households have moved to the town in the process of “industrialization”, which decreased agricultural production, and industry later collapsed so most of the population lives in difficult conditions. Many small private companies have been started recently, mostly in the areas of commerce and catering industry. There is a very small number of companies that are creating new value. Workers in those new companies nave no insurance or health service, so those companies do not have a bigger positive impact on the community.
Total number of employed in the municipality is cca 3,000.

Sport

The most successful sport collectives in Berane are: handball club Berane
RK Berane
-Current squad: Lazar Pešic Haris Agović Marko Campar Nikola Babovic Danilo Barjaktarovic Dragan Fatić Mašan Marsenić Haris Dervisevic Slobodan Zonjic Mirza Ramusović Vojkan Barjaktarovic Kristijan Trifunovic Vlado Bogavac Nikola Cukic Nikola Popovic Martin Ivanovic-External links:***...

 and table tennis club Budim. There are also football club Berane
FK Berane
FK Berane is a football club based in Berane, Montenegro. FK Berane plays in First League of Montenegro.- History :FK Berane is among most successful football clubs from northern Montenegro....

, basketball club Lim, boxing clubs Baćo King and Radnički Berane, athletic club, tennis club etc. Berane has solid sport infrastructure. City Stadium in Berane with 11,000 seats is the second largest stadium
Stadium
A modern stadium is a place or venue for outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event.)Pausanias noted that for about half a century the only event...

 in Montenegro.

Population

Berane is administrative centre of Berane municipality, which in 2003 had a population of 35,068. The town of Berane itself has 11,776 citizens.

Population of Berane (city):
  • 1981 - 12,720
  • 1991 - 12,267
  • 2003 - 11,776


Population of Berane (municipality):
  • 1948 - 27,646
  • 1953 - 30,316
  • 1961 - 34,280
  • 1971 - 40,385
  • 1981 - 42,060
  • 1991 - 38,953
  • 2003 - 35,068


Ethnic groups (1991 census):
  • Orthodox Montenegrins (22.70%)
  • Muslim Montenegrins (35.57%)
  • Serbs
    Serbs
    The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...

     (41.43%)


Ethnicity in 2003
Ethnicity Number Percentage
Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...

16,939 41.43%
Montenegrins  9,282 22.70%
Bosniaks
Bosniaks
The Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...

8,994 22.00%
Muslims
Muslims by nationality
Muslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...

 
2,994 7.32%
Roma 133 0.33%
Croats
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...

50 0.12%
Albanians
Albanians
Albanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo...

41 0.10%
Other 222 0.54%
not declared 223 0.55%
no data 837 2.05%
Total 40,885 100%

Transport

Berane is connected with rest of Montenegro by two-laned motorways. Bijelo Polje
Bijelo Polje
Bijelo Polje is a town in northern Montenegro. It has a population of 15,883 .Bijelo Polje is the center of municipality . It is unofficial center of north-eastern region of Montenegro...

 is 35 km away, where there lies the major junction (railway and the road) towards Podgorica
Podgorica
Podgorica , is the capital and largest city of Montenegro.Podgorica's favourable position at the confluence of the Ribnica and Morača rivers and the meeting point of the fertile Zeta Plain and Bjelopavlići Valley has encouraged settlement...

 and the coast, and to Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...

. Serbia can also be reached eastwards via Rožaje
Rožaje
Rožaje , is a town in northeastern Montenegro. It has a population of 9,121 Rožaje is the centre of the municipality, which has a population of 22,693. The municipality is located in the geographical region of Sandžak.-History:The history of Rožaje goes back to 1571 and 1585 when it was first...

 (for Novi Pazar
Novi Pazar
Novi Pazar is a city and municipality located in southwest Serbia, in the Raška District. According to the official census in 2011, number of inhabitants of municipality is 92,776, while the city itself has a population of 60,638...

.) Berane is on the corridor of the future Beograd - Bar motorway.

Berane has an airport (Berane Airport
Berane Airport
Berane Airport is an airport located near Berane, Montenegro. It is also known as Dolac Airport. Berane was known as Ivangrad from July 1949 to March 1992, hence the IATA code IVG....

), which hasn't been used for a while, but there are plans for its revitalization and usage as regional airport.

Podgorica Airport
Podgorica Airport
Podgorica Airport is an international airport located south of Podgorica, Montenegro. It is the main hub for Montenegro Airlines....

 is some 150 km (93.2 mi) away, and has regular flights to and from major Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

an destinations.

Twin towns — sister cities

Berane is twinned
Town twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...

 with: Teramo
Teramo
Teramo is a city and comune in the central Italian region of Abruzzo, the capital of the province of Teramo.The city, from Rome, is situated between the highest mountains of the Apennines and the Adriatic coast...

, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

 Čukarica
Cukarica
Čukarica is an urban neighborhood and one of the 17 municipalities than constitute the City of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia.- Neighbourhoods :...

, Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...

; Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...

 Kostroma
Kostroma
Kostroma is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russian towns, it is located at the confluence of the Volga and Kostroma Rivers...

, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...


Notable individuals from Berane area

  • Ljubiša Stanković, former rector of University of Montenegro

  • Miomir Dašić, historian

  • Milisav Lutovac, geographer

  • Šerbo Rastoder
    Šerbo Rastoder
    Prof. Šerbo Rastoder, PhD is a Montenegrin Bosniak historian. He is also an author, writing about the history of Montenegro and about a few specific parts in Montenegro's history...

    , historian

Famous people from Berane

  • Žarko Obradović
    Žarko Obradovic
    Žarko Obradović is Serbian politician and Minister of Education in the Government of Serbia....

    , politician

  • Rifat Rastoder
    Rifat Rastoder
    Rifat Rastoder is a Montenegrin Bosniak politician, writer and journalist...

    , politician

  • Momčilo Cemović
    Momcilo Cemovic
    Momčilo Cemović was the President of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro in 1978-1982. He was a member of the League of Communists of Montenegro....

    , politician

  • Đorđije Pajković, politician

  • Puniša Račić
    Puniša Racic
    Puniša Račić was a Montenegrin Serb politician, a member of the Yugoslav Parliament from the People's Radical Party, who assassinated Pavle Radić and Đuro Basariček, Croatian Peasant Party representatives, mortally wounded Stjepan Radić, leader of Croatian Peasant Party at the time and wounded...

    , politician

  • Aleksandar Lekso Saičić, soldier

  • Rade Bulatović , head of Serbia's intelligence agency

  • Mirko Vlahović, actor

  • Dejan Čukić
    Dejan Cukic
    Dejan Cukić is a Serbian rock musician, journalist and writer.During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Cukić was the frontman of the New Wave band Bulevar, releasing two albums with the band. After Bulevar disbanded in 1982, he retired from music...

    , actor

  • Duško Korać, commentator

  • Sonja Barjaktarović
    Sonja Barjaktarović
    Sonja Barjaktarović is a Montenegrin team handball goalkeeper playing for the Montenegrin club Budućnost. She is the first goalkeeper of the Montenegro women's national handball team....

    , handball player

  • Maja Savić
    Maja Savic
    Maja Savić is a handball player, currently playing for ŽRK Budućnost T-Mobile, to where she came from Viborg HK. She plays on the left wing position, and was member of ŽRK Budućnost T-Mobile and Slagelse Dream Team .Maja Savić played for the national teams of FR Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro...

    , handball player

  • Aida Selmanović, handball player

  • Ivan Đurković, handball player

  • Dragoslav Jevrić
    Dragoslav Jevric
    Dragoslav Jevrić is a Montenegrin football goalkeeper who currently plays for AC Omonia.-International career:...

    , goalkeeper

  • Vladan Savić
    Vladan Savic
    Vladan Savić is a Montenegrin footballer, who, was playing for Kecskeméti TE. He played for FK Berane, FK Budućnost Podgorica, FK Mladost Apatin, FK Spartak Subotica and FK Voždovac.- External links :* * at HLSZ....

    , football player

  • Stefan Babović
    Stefan Babovic
    Stefan Babović is a Serbian footballer. He currently plays for FK Partizan in the Serbian SuperLiga....

    , football player

  • Siniša Dobrašinović
    Siniša Dobrasinovic
    Siniša Dobrašinović is a Montenegrin-born Cypriot football player.-Club career:He played for FK Rudar Pljevlja, K.S.C. Lokeren and Apollon Limassol, Digenis Morphou, AC Omonia and Anorthosis in Cyprus. He is currently playing for AO Kavala...

    , football player

  • Dragan Popović, football player

  • Janko Simović
    Janko Simović
    Janko Simović is a Montenegrin international footballer who for Mogren, as a defender.-Career:Born in Mojkovac, has played club football for Berane, Metalac GM and Mogren.He made one international appearance for Montenegro in 2008.-References:...

    , football player

  • Vladimir Dašić
    Vladimir Dašić
    Vladimir Dašić is a Montenegrin professional basketball player. He is 6'10" in height and he plays as both a small forward and a power forward. His family originates from Berane.-Pro career:...

    , basketball player

  • Andrijana Dabetić, folk singer

  • Jadranka Barjaktarović, folk singer

  • Boban Rajović
    Boban Rajović
    Boban Rajović , born on the 25 December 1971 in Copenhagen, Denmark) is a popular singer of Montenegrin descent. He is also known as Boban Piroman...

    , folk singer


External links

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