Alain Tasso
Encyclopedia
Alain Tasso is a Franco-Lebanese poet
Poet
A poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...

, painter
Painting
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is...

 and essayist, born in Beirut
Beirut
Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon, with a population ranging from 1 million to more than 2 million . Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coastline, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan...

 on July 22, 1962.

Autodidact, his literary intensive profuse work is received by much critical attention.

Biography

High school student at the Grand Lycée franco-libanais de Beyrouth, Alain Tasso refuses to sit for his baccalaureate exam, and directly goes for accounting studies, only to neglect them few years later. He shows a very developed interest in antiquities
Antiquities
Antiquities, nearly always used in the plural in this sense, is a term for objects from Antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean: the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Egypt and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures...

, art objects and classical music
Classical music
Classical music is the art music produced in, or rooted in, the traditions of Western liturgical and secular music, encompassing a broad period from roughly the 11th century to present times...

, especially sacred baroque music
Baroque music
Baroque music describes a style of Western Classical music approximately extending from 1600 to 1760. This era follows the Renaissance and was followed in turn by the Classical era...

 (he has in fact started playing the piano at five years old), and opens up in 1987 an art gallery called “L’insolite”. He specializes in Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau is an international philosophy and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that were most popular during 1890–1910. The name "Art Nouveau" is French for "new art"...

 and Oriental art, and draws miniatures
Miniature (illuminated manuscript)
The word miniature, derived from the Latin minium, red lead, is a picture in an ancient or medieval illuminated manuscript; the simple decoration of the early codices having been miniated or delineated with that pigment...

 and calligraphy
Calligraphy
Calligraphy is a type of visual art. It is often called the art of fancy lettering . A contemporary definition of calligraphic practice is "the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner"...

. Two years later, as the violent conflicts of the Lebanese civil war
Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon. The war lasted from 1975 to 1990 and resulted in an estimated 150,000 to 230,000 civilian fatalities. Another one million people were wounded, and today approximately 350,000 people remain displaced. There was also a mass exodus of...

 are ravaging the country, he is forced to close his gallery. Between 1992 and 2000, he works as freelancer in numerous French and Arabic magazines and daily papers in Beirut (L'Orient Le Jour
L'Orient Le Jour
L'Orient-Le Jour meaning The Orient-The Day is the leading French language daily newspapers in Lebanon.It was first published on September 1, 1970 following the merger of two French-Language Lebanese dailies, L'Orient and Le Jour . - External links : *...

 for instance), and publishes in 1993 a youth collection with a magnificent preface written by the Lebanese poet Said Akl
Said Akl
Said Akl is a Lebanese poet, writer, and playwright. He is considered one of the most important modern Lebanese poets. He is also a staunch advocate of Lebanese identity and nationalism and the Lebanese language, designing a Latin-based Lebanese alphabet made up of 37 letters.-Early life:Akl was...

. In 1996, he is promoted Chevalier de l’Ordre Patriarcal de la Sainte Croix de Jérusalem, an eminent Oriental Catholic distinction. In 1998, he takes part in a collective exhibition for the fiftieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly . The Declaration arose directly from the experience of the Second World War and represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are inherently entitled...

. As of 1999, he is in charge of the postgraduate “Æsthetics” course at the Institut d’études scéniques, audiovisuelles et cinématographiques (IESAV - The Scenic, Audiovisual and Cinematographic Institute) of the Saint Joseph University in Beirut. He is probably the sole autodidact teacher in Lebanon. Since, he will be in charge of other courses in the same university, such as intercultural competence
Intercultural competence
Intercultural competence is the ability of successful communication with people of other cultures.A person who is interculturally competent captures and understands, in interaction with people from foreign cultures, their specific concepts in perception, thinking, feeling and acting...

, art history
Art history
Art history has historically been understood as the academic study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts, i.e. genre, design, format, and style...

, fine arts, and cultural communication
Cultural communication
Cultural relativism is the view that cultures are merely different, not deficient, and each culture’s norms and practices should be assed only from the perspective of the culture itself, not by standards embraced by another culture. It is the idea that one cannot make judgments about a culture...

 in several departments of the Faculty of Human Sciences. As of 1995, he has been participating in numerous painting exhibitions, and it is notable to mention the evolution of his line that goes from abstract Arabic calligraphy, to Sufi intentions, to a dense and monochromatic black language.




In 2001, he founds “Péristyles”, the artistic and literary books he presents along with the renowned Lebanese critic Joseph Tarrab at the Saint Joseph University. In 2003, a study on the “Neige écarlate” mingles him with poets Yves Bonnefoy
Yves Bonnefoy
Yves Bonnefoy is a French poet and essayist. Bonnefoy was born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, the son of a railroad worker and a teacher....

 and Paul Celan
Paul Celan
Paul Celan was a poet and translator...

. Bonnefoy
Yves Bonnefoy
Yves Bonnefoy is a French poet and essayist. Bonnefoy was born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, the son of a railroad worker and a teacher....

 will write him after reading one of his publications: “Thank you for this beautiful book. Your IntaillesIntailles, Te deum pour un requiem du temps, a publication by Alain Tasso in 2004, illustrated with his inks, in la collection Les blés d'or gives us the urge to think…”.



In 2005 he is promoted Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres by the French Government, and features in 2008 in the anthology Poésies de langue française, published at Seghers Editions.



Alain Tasso is the author of more than ten poem collections
Poetry
Poetry is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning...

, published on fancy paper, and illustrated by Tasso himself, or with paintings for Raphael
Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino , better known simply as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur...

, Michelangelo
Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni , commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art...

, Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance...

, Van der Weyden (Retables pour des murs en papier, 2001), and Egon Schiele
Egon Schiele
Egon Schiele was an Austrian painter. A protégé of Gustav Klimt, Schiele was a major figurative painter of the early 20th century. His work is noted for its intensity, and the many self-portraits the artist produced...

 (Sang des neiges et autres poèmes, 2002). He is as well the author of several essays on "ethics
Ethics
Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality—that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime, etc.Major branches of ethics include:...

", as well as on "image and power" in a dehumanized contemporary society (Les fins de l’image, 2009 ; Encore ce peu d’images malgré tout, 2011).




His poetry, mystic
Mysticism
Mysticism is the knowledge of, and especially the personal experience of, states of consciousness, i.e. levels of being, beyond normal human perception, including experience and even communion with a supreme being.-Classical origins:...

 at its beginnings (Les lampes d’écume, 1999), evolves in a notable expressionism
Expressionism
Expressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas...

 (Fragments chaotiques, 2000 ; Retables pour des murs en papier, 2001 ; Sang des neiges et autres poèmes, 2002 ; Intailles, Te Deum pour un requiem du temps, 2004), before it gets denser, and hence, in a very pure and literary style, makes Tasso a Poet of the Presence, and a much noticed figure of the French poetry (De neige et de pierres, Poèmes pour l’improbable, 2005 ; Assomption d’une autre saison, 2005 ; Paysages de flot précédé de Sommeil des Ancolies, 2009 ; Brisants comme dictame d’un monde trépassé, 2010).



In October 2010, the publishing firm "Les éditions de la Revue Phénicienne" releases an anthology
Anthology
An anthology is a collection of literary works chosen by the compiler. It may be a collection of poems, short stories, plays, songs, or excerpts...

 entitled Alain Tasso, preceded by eleven study and critic texts.Check the French review of L'Orient-Le Jour, http://cllf.wordpress.com/2010/10/23/alain-tasso-lu-vu-et-explique-par-onze-plumes-critiques/ and the one of NOW Lebanon, an Arabic-English website that seldom published in French, http://www.nowlebanon.com/arabic/NewsArchiveDetails.aspx?ID=212220/



In both 2000 and 2011, the bookshop “L’écume des pages”, located in Saint-Germain-des-Prés
Saint-Germain-des-Prés
Saint-Germain-des-Prés is an area of the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France, located around the church of the former Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés....

, in the heart of Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

, offers Tasso its windows for a display of his work.http://www.paperblog.fr/4387461/alain-tasso-a-lhonneur-a-lecume-des-pages-paris/



Since 2011, he has been teaching at the Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts
Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts
The Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts was originally a stand-alone Lebanese institute, now one of the nine current faculties at the University of Balamand, teaching courses in fine art. It was founded in 1937, and it was the first national institution of higher education in Lebanon...

 (Académie libanaise des Beaux-Arts, ALBA).



He is as well the author of numerous artist books.



The Bibliothèque nationale de France
Bibliothèque nationale de France
The is the National Library of France, located in Paris. It is intended to be the repository of all that is published in France. The current president of the library is Bruno Racine.-History:...

 – National Library of France, established in 2011 the Alain Tasso Fonds
Fonds
Fonds is an archival term used to describe an aggregation of documents that originate from the same source. More specifically, a fonds distinguishes itself from a collection through its organic nature, as archival documents that have been naturally accumulated by an individual, company,...

 that brings together manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...

s, illuminated collections and ink drawings
Ink
Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments and/or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing and/or writing with a pen, brush, or quill...

.

Remarkable Appearance

Alain Tasso was the special guest of Alex Taylor for the program “I-Talk” on Euronews
EuroNews
Euronews is an international multilingual news television channel.It covers world news from what it claims to be a 'European' perspective.Criticisms are that the perspective is in fact that of the European Commission - a major and growing funder of Euronews....

, in the frame of the European Parliament
European Parliament
The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world...

 in Brussels
Brussels
Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...

. Chosen from the Arab World
Arab world
The Arab world refers to Arabic-speaking states, territories and populations in North Africa, Western Asia and elsewhere.The standard definition of the Arab world comprises the 22 states and territories of the Arab League stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the...

, he gave an interview about the Arab Spring
Arab Spring
The Arab Spring , otherwise known as the Arab Awakening, is a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests occurring in the Arab world that began on Saturday, 18 December 2010...

. The talk was recorded in French, and was broadcast from July 14 to July 21, 2011 on the international channels of Euronews. The interview went on air, and was both dubbed and translated in the ten languages of the channel, namely French, English, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Turkish, Russian, Arabic and Persian.



Here is the link of the English version on the website of Euronews: http://www.euronews.net/2011/07/14/alain-tasso-on-the-arab-spring/.

Quotes - Alain Tasso ©

  • L'exégèse du souffle rend à l'éternité sa constellation.
  • Pèse l'ombre, assemble la profusion de ses stries et alors, en prêtant l'attention, tu comprendras que l'ombre est la rumeur de l'image.
  • Au seuil du jour, grouille l'abîme. Comment dire les poèmes dénués de leur poésie.
  • Mais tous soustraits de l'écume initiatrice. Contemplation hiératique et de la seule lumière un choeur d'arbres : ceux qui savaient lire.
  • Et prenant part aux échos du monde, encore une halte. De nos nuits, de nos jours, déjà si tard.
  • Les oiseaux de la vie esseulée s'inclinent en silence. Au poème, encore, de nous déplier le non pareil.
  • Débris de vérité écroulés..., mais d'autres psaumes. // Une langue océanique, déjà l'évidence...
  • Il lui arrivait souvent de fredonner ce refrain : " De neige sont les pierres, de neige sont les pierres."
  • Le chant des astres est le paysage du Tout.
  • Tourne, tourne, retourne. Ta campane blanche est l'alliance des initiés.
  • Le beau ténébreux rend visible une brise légère, soudain devenue imperceptible.
  • Seule cette terre caressée par la mer et la mélodie des pierres. Des syrtes balayées par la mer, encore l'improbable ?

in la Collection Les blés d’or

  • Les lampes d’écume, 1999 (author's inks with watercolor paintings)
  • Fragments chaotiques, 2000 (author's inks)
  • Le champ de l’hypostase, 2000 (author's inks)
  • Retables pour des murs en papier, 2001 (drawings by Michelangelo
    Michelangelo
    Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni , commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art...

    , Raphael
    Raphael
    Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino , better known simply as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur...

    , Watteau, Delacroix
    Eugène Delacroix
    Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school...

    , Leonardo da Vinci
    Leonardo da Vinci
    Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance...

    , Van der Weyden, Dürer and Rodin
    Auguste Rodin
    François-Auguste-René Rodin , known as Auguste Rodin , was a French sculptor. Although Rodin is generally considered the progenitor of modern sculpture, he did not set out to rebel against the past...

    )

  • Sang des neiges et autres poèmes, 2002 (paintings by Egon Schiele
    Egon Schiele
    Egon Schiele was an Austrian painter. A protégé of Gustav Klimt, Schiele was a major figurative painter of the early 20th century. His work is noted for its intensity, and the many self-portraits the artist produced...

    ) with a CD entitled: L’exégèse du souffle (Reciting of 5 poem collections by Alain Tasso, accompanied with music)
  • Intailles, Te deum pour un requiem du temps, 2004 (author's inks)
  • De neige et de pierres, poèmes pour l’improbable, 2005 (photographs by Rudy Bou Chebel)
  • Assomption d’une autre saison, 2005 (author's inks)
  • Paysages de Flot précédé de Sommeil des ancolies, 2009 (wood engraving by Nicolas Eekman
    Nicolas Eekman
    Nicolas Mathieu Eekman , born Nikolaas Mathijs Eekman, is a Belgian figurative painter of Flemish descent, also known in France, in Belgium and in the Netherlands as Nico Eekman, Nic Eekman and under the pseudonym Ekma.He is also recognised for his drawings, watercolours and engravings.He...

    )
  • Brisants comme dictame d’un monde trépassé, 2010 (ten poems and icons)

in les éditions de Revue Phénicienne

  • Alain Tasso, 2010 (collective with eleven critic texts by various specialists and poets, and followed by an anthology
    Anthology
    An anthology is a collection of literary works chosen by the compiler. It may be a collection of poems, short stories, plays, songs, or excerpts...

     of poems, proses and inks)

in les éditions Seghers

  • Poésies de langue française, 144 poètes de langue française autour du monde, 2008 (anthology presented by Stéphane Bataillon, Sylvestre Clancier and Bruno Doucey, pages 361 ; 362 ; 454)

in les Éditions Gallimard

  • Les très riches heures du livre pauvre, 2011 (Daniel Leuwers, pages 51 ; 67 ; 69 ; 88 ; 94 ; 196)

Essays

  • L’homme a le mal de l’homme, sur la peinture de Egon Schiele
    Egon Schiele
    Egon Schiele was an Austrian painter. A protégé of Gustav Klimt, Schiele was a major figurative painter of the early 20th century. His work is noted for its intensity, and the many self-portraits the artist produced...

    , Les blés d’or estetica, 2002
  • Au-delà du gestaltisme, Khalil Gibran un pinceau de larmes, in Gibran K. Gibran pionnier de la Renaissance à venir, Conference Report, 2006, Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik
    Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik
    Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik , , is a private Catholic higher education institution founded by the Lebanese Maronite Order in 1961....

    , pages 143-149
  • Une eau dans ses braises, preface of the exhibition catalogue of Ayman Baalbaki, Agial Gallery, Beirut, 2008
  • Les fins de l’image, Les blés d’or estetica, 2009. Conference in the course of the "Images and Ethics" Symposium (colloque « Images et éthique »), IESAV, Saint Joseph University, December 2008 (Also published in the conference report "Regards", number 11, 2009)
  • Encore ce peu d’images malgré tout, Les blés d’or estetica, Spring 2011

Textes in Magazines

  • Il correo galeo (in the nineties)
  • Digraphes, Number 92, Spring 2000
  • Penelope, Trame di scrittura, Number 1, 2004
  • Plaisances, Rivista quadrimestrale di litteratura francese moderna e contemporanea, Number 10, 2007
  • Interpretare, Number 8/9/10, June 2004
  • Secousses, éditions Obsidiane, Number 4, June 2011

Studies on the Author

  • Le haut message et son sol natif by Jad Hatem
    Jad Hatem
    Jad Hatem is a Lebanese poet and philosopher. He has been a philosophy, literature and religious sciences Professor at the Saint-Joseph University in Beirut since 1976. Hatem has been the Head of Department of Philosophy and the Director of Michel Henry's Study Center within that department...

     (postface) in Encres profondes, Collection Les blés d’or, 1999
  • Dans le sillage de la flèche, sur un dessin de Alain Tasso by Gisèle Vanhese, (bilingual, Italian-French), Collection Les blés d’or estetica, 2000
  • Vie et poésie, by Jad Hatem
    Jad Hatem
    Jad Hatem is a Lebanese poet and philosopher. He has been a philosophy, literature and religious sciences Professor at the Saint-Joseph University in Beirut since 1976. Hatem has been the Head of Department of Philosophy and the Director of Michel Henry's Study Center within that department...

     ; « Travaux et jours », Number 66, Autumn 2000 (Saint Joseph University) pp. 156–159
  • Langue de l’ultime – expérience mystique. Sur Le champ de l’hypostase de Alain Tasso by Sabah Zouein, Collection Les blés d’or estetica, 2001 (bilingual, Arabic–French)
  • Séminaire sur « La poésie d’Alain Tasso et les problèmes qu’elle pose à la traduction en italien » at the University of Calabria
    University of Calabria
    The University of Calabria is a state-run university in Italy.Located in Arcavacata di Rende, a suburb of Cosenza, the university was founded in 1972...

    , Italy, 28–31 March 2001
  • Tra la cenere e il fuoco, la poesia libanese contemporanea, by Gisèle Vanhese ; « Il lettore di provincia, teste e ricerche critica », Number 113-114-2002
  • Noir de lumière, rencontres autour de la poésie et de la peinture d’Alain Tasso (Centre culturel français de Beyrouth), Les blés d’or estetica, March 2003 (An opuscule with the interventions of Zahida Darwiche-Jabbour, Marie-Ange Prince, Nicole Saliba-Chalhoub, and Gisèle Vanhese was published in 2004)
  • Le souffle du néant – Alain Tasso, poète et peintre du Liban, documentary film by Elie Yazbek, 2003
  • Un goût d’Orient dans une poésie française, étude critique sur « Les lampes d’écume et autres poèmes d’Alain Tasso » (Arabic translation Éditions Dar An Nahar, Beirut, 2003), by Mohammad Ali Chamseddine, Al Safir (Lebanese newspaper) 10/12/2003 p. 10
  • La neige écarlate dans la poésie de Yves Bonnefoy
    Yves Bonnefoy
    Yves Bonnefoy is a French poet and essayist. Bonnefoy was born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, the son of a railroad worker and a teacher....

    , Paul Celan
    Paul Celan
    Paul Celan was a poet and translator...

    , Alain Tasso, Salvatore Quasimodo
    Salvatore Quasimodo
    Salvatore Quasimodo was an Italian author and poet. In 1959 he won the Nobel Prize for Literature "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times". Along with Giuseppe Ungaretti and Eugenio Montale, he is one of the foremost Italian poets...

     et Lance Henson, Gisèle Vanhese, Dar An Nahar Editions, Beirut, 2003, pp. 19–23
  • De l’expressionnisme à la mystique dans Les lampes d’écume et Sang des neiges d’Alain Tasso, Rita Stéphan (Modern French Literature Master Thesis, Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik
    Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik
    Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik , , is a private Catholic higher education institution founded by the Lebanese Maronite Order in 1961....

    , Lebanon, 2004
  • Voyage sur le tapis des mots, Zahida Darwiche Jabbour, Plaisance, Rivista di Letteratura francese moderna e contemporanea, Number 10, 2007, Roma, pp. 18–19
  • Alain Tasso ou la poésie du verbe, Nicole Saliba-Chalhoub, Plaisance, Rivista di Letteratura Francese Moderna e Contemporanea, Number 10, 2007, Roma, pp. 107–116
  • Littératures francophones du Moyen-Orient, Zahida Darwiche Jabbour, éditions Edisud, Aix en Provence, France, 2007, p. 90 and pp. 117–118
  • Du Tao à la Croix, sur des dessins d’Alain Tasso in La rosace, prolégomènes à la mystique comparée, Jad Hatem, éditions du Cygne, Paris 2008, pp. 95–126
  • Alain Tasso, d’un chant solitaire, Nimrod, Les blés d’or estetica, Jounieh
    Jounieh
    Jounieh is a Mediterranean coastal city about 16 kilometers north of Beirut, Lebanon. Jounieh is known for its seaside resorts, pubs, restaurants and nightclubs, as well as its old stone souk, ferry, and cablecar , which takes passengers up the mountain to the shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon in...

    , Lebanon, 2010
  • Alain Tasso, (collective with eleven critic texts by various specialists and poets, and followed by an anthology of poems, proses and inks) at the Editions of the Revue Phénicienne, Lebanon, 2010.

Resources

  • Alain Tasso, (collective with eleven critic texts by various specialists and poets, and followed by an anthology of poems, proses and inks) in les éditions de la Revue Phénicienne, Lebanon, 2010
  • Library of the Faculty of Human Sciences at the Saint Joseph University
  • Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)
  • Library of the French cultural center of Beirut
  • Library of the Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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