Adonara
Encyclopedia
Adonara is an island
in the Lesser Sunda Islands
of Indonesia
, located east of the larger island of Flores
in the Solor Archipelago
. To the east lies Lembata
, formerly known as Lomblen. It is the highest of the islands of the archipelago
, reaching an altitude of 1,659 metres, and it has an area of 497 km2. It is in the East Nusa Tenggara
province
.
on Adonara is documented from the sixteenth century, when Portuguese
traders and missionaries established a post on the nearby island of Solor
. By that time Adonara and the surrounding islands were ritually divided between a population of coastal dwellers known as Paji, and a population mainly settling the mountainous inland called Demon. The Paji were susceptible to Islam
, while the Demon tended to fall under Portuguese influence. The Paji areas on Adonara contained three principalities, namely Adonara proper (centered on the north coast of the island), and Terong and Lamahala (on the south coast). Together with two principalities on Solor, Lohayong and Lamakera, they constituted a league called Watan Lema ("the five shores"). The Watan Lema allied with the Dutch East India Company
(VOC) in 1613, confirmed in 1646. The Adonara principalities had frequent feuds with the Portuguese in Larantuka on Flores, and were not always obedient to the Dutch authorities.
In the course of the nineteenth century, the ruler of Adonara (proper) in the north strengthened his position in the Solor Archipelago
; by then, he was also the overlord of parts of eastern Flores
and Lembata
. The Demon areas stood under the suzerainty of the principality of Larantuka, which in turn was under Portuguese rule until 1859, when it was ceded to the Netherlands
. The principalities of Larantuka and Adonara (proper) were abolished by the Indonesia
n government in 1962. Some post-independence
local officials trace their roots to past rulers, called raja
, of Adonara (proper). These include:
Adonara & Tourism
Adonara Island is a part of the Indonesian regency of East Flores
. Most of Adonara people livings in out side from this island and distribute for nearest islands till in far away island and regional like tawao, nunukan and sabah.
Adonara Island is beauty in tourism aspect, especially in culture. People beside this island knowing well Adonara with their stylish food named "jagung titi". There also produce unique garment that produced by traditional that called as "kewatek".
How to enjoy Adonara as a Tourism place
Adonara is reached by airplane from Jakarta to Kupang, and by ferry to Larantuka. From Larantuka to Adonara will traveled by boat. Totally price in transport around 2.0million - 2.5million IDR for one trip from jakarta to Adonara. This price also similar same in value when we using trip from jakarta via maumere to larantuka to adonara.
The administrative centre of Adonara is the town of Waiwerang
, that has a port harbor as usual be function as transit port from Larantuka to Lewoleba or from Kupang to Lewoleba to Larantuka.
In Adonara, most people coming as tourist take a rest in Waiwerang, at ASRI Hotel, around one hundred metres from port harbor. In this place of rest we could see and enjoy sunrise coming beside Ile Boleng - a mountain - that post in front of ASRI Hotel. (Price for one night with standard service around one hundred thousand IDR).
To enjoy full in cultural aspect, listening and observing in this Adonara island generally need three up to five full days. Public transportation not necessary used by people who will enjoy this island, because in common serviced by private transportation like motorcycle. Price in charge for this negotiable depend on hour of trip and distances.
Special Culture in Tourism
Some place of Adonara has trying to renewal their grand-tradition by built some miniature of tradition-house that called as "rumah adat". Most of that place, also prepare information concerning tourism interest like Adonara histories and present progress concerning this island people activities.
Island
An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, cays or keys. An island in a river or lake may be called an eyot , or holm...
in the Lesser Sunda Islands
Lesser Sunda Islands
The Lesser Sunda Islands or Nusa Tenggara are a group of islands in the southern Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make up the Sunda Islands...
of Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
, located east of the larger island of Flores
Flores
Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 km² extending east from the Java island of Indonesia. The population was 1.831.000 in the 2010 census and the largest town is Maumere. Flores is Portuguese for "flowers".Flores is located east of Sumbawa...
in the Solor Archipelago
Solor Archipelago
The Solor Archipelago is a group of islands in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, lying to the east of Flores and to the west of the Alor Strait and the Alor Archipelago. To the north is the west part of the Banda Sea, while to the south across the Savu Sea lies the island of Timor...
. To the east lies Lembata
Lembata
Lembata is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands, formerly known as Lomblen island, is the largest island of the Solor Archipelago, in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. It forms part of the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur. The length of the island is about 80 km from the Southwest to the...
, formerly known as Lomblen. It is the highest of the islands of the archipelago
Archipelago
An archipelago , sometimes called an island group, is a chain or cluster of islands. The word archipelago is derived from the Greek ἄρχι- – arkhi- and πέλαγος – pélagos through the Italian arcipelago...
, reaching an altitude of 1,659 metres, and it has an area of 497 km2. It is in the East Nusa Tenggara
East Nusa Tenggara
East Nusa Tenggara is a province of Indonesia, located in the eastern portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, including West Timor. The provincial capital is Kupang, located on West Timor...
province
Provinces of Indonesia
The province is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. Each province has its own local government, headed by a governor, and has its own legislative body...
.
History
Local historyLocal history
Local history is the study of history in a geographically local context and it often concentrates on the local community. It incorporates cultural and social aspects of history...
on Adonara is documented from the sixteenth century, when Portuguese
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
traders and missionaries established a post on the nearby island of Solor
Solor
Solor is a volcanic island located off the eastern tip of Flores island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, in the Solor Archipelago. The island supports a small population that has been whaling for hundreds of years. They speak the languages of Adonara and Lamaholot. There are at least five...
. By that time Adonara and the surrounding islands were ritually divided between a population of coastal dwellers known as Paji, and a population mainly settling the mountainous inland called Demon. The Paji were susceptible to Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
, while the Demon tended to fall under Portuguese influence. The Paji areas on Adonara contained three principalities, namely Adonara proper (centered on the north coast of the island), and Terong and Lamahala (on the south coast). Together with two principalities on Solor, Lohayong and Lamakera, they constituted a league called Watan Lema ("the five shores"). The Watan Lema allied with the Dutch East India Company
Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia...
(VOC) in 1613, confirmed in 1646. The Adonara principalities had frequent feuds with the Portuguese in Larantuka on Flores, and were not always obedient to the Dutch authorities.
In the course of the nineteenth century, the ruler of Adonara (proper) in the north strengthened his position in the Solor Archipelago
Solor Archipelago
The Solor Archipelago is a group of islands in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, lying to the east of Flores and to the west of the Alor Strait and the Alor Archipelago. To the north is the west part of the Banda Sea, while to the south across the Savu Sea lies the island of Timor...
; by then, he was also the overlord of parts of eastern Flores
Flores
Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 km² extending east from the Java island of Indonesia. The population was 1.831.000 in the 2010 census and the largest town is Maumere. Flores is Portuguese for "flowers".Flores is located east of Sumbawa...
and Lembata
Lembata
Lembata is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands, formerly known as Lomblen island, is the largest island of the Solor Archipelago, in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. It forms part of the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur. The length of the island is about 80 km from the Southwest to the...
. The Demon areas stood under the suzerainty of the principality of Larantuka, which in turn was under Portuguese rule until 1859, when it was ceded to the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
. The principalities of Larantuka and Adonara (proper) were abolished by the Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
n government in 1962. Some post-independence
Indonesian National Revolution
The Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Dutch Empire, and an internal social revolution...
local officials trace their roots to past rulers, called raja
Raja
Raja is an Indian term for a monarch, or princely ruler of the Kshatriya varna...
, of Adonara (proper). These include:
- Foramma, c. 1650
- Boli I, c. 1671-1684
- Eke 1684-1688 (killed by mountain people)
- Gogok, c. 1702
- Wuring (brother of Eke), 1688–1719
- Boli II (son of Wuring), 1719-after 1756
- unknown rulers
- Lakabella Jo, c. 1832
- Begu, d. July 28, 1850 (killed)
- Pela(ng) (son of Begu), 1850–1857
- Jou (brother of Pela), 1857–1868
- Kamba Begu (brother of Lakabella), 1868–1893
- Bapa Tuan (son of Kamba Begu), temporary Raja in 1893 for 6 months
- Arkiang Kamba (Arakang; brother of Bapa Tuan, b. 1866), 1893 or 1894 - abdicated December 18, 1930
- Bapa Ana (son of a sister of Kamba Begu), RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
with the title of Kapitan 1930 - December 1, 1935, condemned to life imprisonmentLife imprisonmentLife imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime under which the convicted person is to remain in jail for the rest of his or her life...
1935 and sent to KupangKupangNot to be confused with Tanjung Kupang in JohoreKupang is the provincial capital of East Nusa Tenggara province in southeast Indonesia.... - Bapa Nuhur, (son of Gela, a son of Bapa Tuan, b. 1915), 1941–1947
- Bapa Kaya, (son of Bapa Ana, d. 12/1/1954), Regent 1947-1951
- Mohamad Eke (great-grandson of Raja Jo, 1929 - c. 1985), 1951–1962, first referred as Government Asst during Bapa Kaya's rule and also Kapitan of Adonara
Adonara & Tourism
Adonara Island is a part of the Indonesian regency of East Flores
East Flores Regency
East Flores Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1958, the regency has its seat in Larantuka....
. Most of Adonara people livings in out side from this island and distribute for nearest islands till in far away island and regional like tawao, nunukan and sabah.
Adonara Island is beauty in tourism aspect, especially in culture. People beside this island knowing well Adonara with their stylish food named "jagung titi". There also produce unique garment that produced by traditional that called as "kewatek".
How to enjoy Adonara as a Tourism place
Adonara is reached by airplane from Jakarta to Kupang, and by ferry to Larantuka. From Larantuka to Adonara will traveled by boat. Totally price in transport around 2.0million - 2.5million IDR for one trip from jakarta to Adonara. This price also similar same in value when we using trip from jakarta via maumere to larantuka to adonara.
The administrative centre of Adonara is the town of Waiwerang
Waiwerang
Waiwerang is a village on Adonara Island, Indonesia. In the center of Waiwerang stands an obelisk built from September 1960 to August 1961 in a square beside another square that hosts government and social events....
, that has a port harbor as usual be function as transit port from Larantuka to Lewoleba or from Kupang to Lewoleba to Larantuka.
In Adonara, most people coming as tourist take a rest in Waiwerang, at ASRI Hotel, around one hundred metres from port harbor. In this place of rest we could see and enjoy sunrise coming beside Ile Boleng - a mountain - that post in front of ASRI Hotel. (Price for one night with standard service around one hundred thousand IDR).
To enjoy full in cultural aspect, listening and observing in this Adonara island generally need three up to five full days. Public transportation not necessary used by people who will enjoy this island, because in common serviced by private transportation like motorcycle. Price in charge for this negotiable depend on hour of trip and distances.
Special Culture in Tourism
Some place of Adonara has trying to renewal their grand-tradition by built some miniature of tradition-house that called as "rumah adat". Most of that place, also prepare information concerning tourism interest like Adonara histories and present progress concerning this island people activities.