East Nusa Tenggara
Encyclopedia
East Nusa Tenggara is a province
Provinces of Indonesia
The province is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. Each province has its own local government, headed by a governor, and has its own legislative body...

 of Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...

, located in the eastern portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands
Lesser Sunda Islands
The Lesser Sunda Islands or Nusa Tenggara are a group of islands in the southern Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make up the Sunda Islands...

, including West Timor
West Timor
West Timor is the western and Indonesian portion of the island of Timor and part of the province of East Nusa Tenggara, .During the colonial period it was known as "Dutch Timor" and was a centre of Dutch loyalists during the Indonesian National Revolution...

. The provincial capital is Kupang
Kupang
Not to be confused with Tanjung Kupang in JohoreKupang is the provincial capital of East Nusa Tenggara province in southeast Indonesia....

, located on West Timor. The highest point is Mount Mutis
Mount Mutis
Mount Mutis is a the highest point of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, at 2427 meters above sea level. It is located in the Gunung Mutis Nature Reserve in the South Central Timor Regency, 150 kilometers from Kupang. The mountain is a popular climbing site. The Dayuan people believe that the...

 of Timor Tengah Selatan, which is 2427 meters above sea level.

The province consists of about 566 islands, but is dominated by the three main island
Island
An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, cays or keys. An island in a river or lake may be called an eyot , or holm...

s of Flores
Flores
Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 km² extending east from the Java island of Indonesia. The population was 1.831.000 in the 2010 census and the largest town is Maumere. Flores is Portuguese for "flowers".Flores is located east of Sumbawa...

, Sumba
Sumba
Sumba is an island in eastern Indonesia, is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, and is in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. Sumba has an area of 11,153 km², and the population was officially at 611,422 in 2005...

, and West Timor
West Timor
West Timor is the western and Indonesian portion of the island of Timor and part of the province of East Nusa Tenggara, .During the colonial period it was known as "Dutch Timor" and was a centre of Dutch loyalists during the Indonesian National Revolution...

, the western half of the island of Timor
Timor
Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, north of the Timor Sea. It is divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, belonging to the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. The island's surface is 30,777 square kilometres...

. The eastern part of Timor is the independent country of East Timor
East Timor
The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor , is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor...

. Other islands include Adonara
Adonara
Adonara is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, located east of the larger island of Flores in the Solor Archipelago. To the east lies Lembata, formerly known as Lomblen. It is the highest of the islands of the archipelago, reaching an altitude of 1,659 metres, and it has an area of...

, Alor, Komodo
Komodo (island)
Komodo is one of the 17,508 islands that make up the Republic of Indonesia. The island has a surface area of 390 km² and over 2000 inhabitants. The inhabitants of the island are descendants of former convicts who were exiled to the island and who have mixed themselves with the Bugis from...

, Lembata
Lembata
Lembata is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands, formerly known as Lomblen island, is the largest island of the Solor Archipelago, in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. It forms part of the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur. The length of the island is about 80 km from the Southwest to the...

, Menipo
Menipo
Menipo, is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia which is separated from Timor Island by a narrow strait. It is 7328 meters long and 700 meters wide. It is officially a part of the Enoraen Village in Kupang. It is home to a variety of wildlife, including Timor deer, wild pigs,...

, Raijua
Raijua
Raijua is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. Its total land area is 13.9 square miles . Raijua is sometimes called The Wedge by surfers because it includes an exposed reef break, making it an ideal surfing location during Indonesia's dry season .-References:...

, Rincah
Rincah
Rinca, also known as Rincah and Rindja, is a small island near Komodo island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The island is famous for komodo dragons, giant lizards that can measure up to long...

, Rote Island
Rote Island
right|thumb|300px|Satellite photo of RotiRote Island is an island of Indonesia, part of the East Nusa Tenggara province of the Lesser Sunda Islands. It has an area of . It lies northeast of the Australian coast and northeast of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands. The island is situated to the...

 (the southernmost island in Indonesia), Savu
Savu
Savu is the largest of a group of three islands, situated midway between Sumba and Rote, west of Timor, in Indonesia's eastern province, East Nusa Tenggara. Ferries connect the islands to Waingapu, on Sumba, and Kupang, in West Timor...

, Semau
Semau
Semau, also known as Pusmau and Pasar Pusmau, is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is located 20 miles off the harbor of Kupang. The inhabitants of Samau are the Helong people, who some believe are the original inhabitants of the Kupang area. It is a supplier of firewood...

, and Solor
Solor
Solor is a volcanic island located off the eastern tip of Flores island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, in the Solor Archipelago. The island supports a small population that has been whaling for hundreds of years. They speak the languages of Adonara and Lamaholot. There are at least five...

.

Administration

After the declaration of Indonesia independence
Indonesian Declaration of Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, August 17, 1945. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed-resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands until the latter officially acknowledged...

 in 1945, the eastern part of Indonesia declared themselves as the State of East Indonesia
State of East Indonesia
The State of East Indonesia was a post-World War II establishment of a government over the former Dutch territory of the eastern Netherlands East Indies...

 by the statute of Staatsblad No. 143, 1946. The state was further included in the United States of Indonesia as one of the agreement of the Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

 to transfer its sovereignty to Indonesia in 1949.

In 1950, United States of Indonesia dissolved itself into a unitary state
Unitary state
A unitary state is a state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate...

 and began to divide its region into provinces. In 1958, by the Indonesian statute of law (Undang-Undang) No. 64/1958, three provinces were established in the Lesser Sunda Islands
Lesser Sunda Islands
The Lesser Sunda Islands or Nusa Tenggara are a group of islands in the southern Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make up the Sunda Islands...

, namely Bali
Bali
Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east...

, West Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara is a province in south-central Indonesia. The province encompasses the western portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, except for Bali as the Wallace line running the length of the Lombok Strait forms the western boundary of the province....

 and East Nusa Tenggara provinces. According to the law, East Nusa Tenggara province includes the western part of Timor
Timor
Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, north of the Timor Sea. It is divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, belonging to the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. The island's surface is 30,777 square kilometres...

 island, Flores
Flores
Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 km² extending east from the Java island of Indonesia. The population was 1.831.000 in the 2010 census and the largest town is Maumere. Flores is Portuguese for "flowers".Flores is located east of Sumbawa...

, Sumba
Sumba
Sumba is an island in eastern Indonesia, is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, and is in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. Sumba has an area of 11,153 km², and the population was officially at 611,422 in 2005...

 and other several small islands in the region. The province was further divided into twelve regencies
Administrative divisions of Indonesia
Republic of Indonesia is divided into provinces . Provinces are made up of regencies and cities . Province, regencies, and cities, have their own local governments and parliamentary bodies....

.

Following the fall of Suharto regime
New Order (Indonesia)
The New Order is the term coined by former Indonesian President Suharto to characterize his regime as he came to power in 1966. Suharto used this term to contrast his rule with that of his predecessor, Sukarno...

 in 1998, several regional governments expanded its administrative divisions under the new regional autonomy policy. East Nusa Tenggara province observed several expansions in its administration. In 1999, the new Lembata Regency
Lembata Regency
Lembata Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1999, the regency covers the islands of Solor, Adonara, and Lembata , together with many smaller islands together forming the Solor Archipelago, and has its administrative seat in Lewoleba. The population of...

 was formed after splitting East Flores Regency
East Flores Regency
East Flores Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1958, the regency has its seat in Larantuka....

. In 2002, Rote Island
Rote Island
right|thumb|300px|Satellite photo of RotiRote Island is an island of Indonesia, part of the East Nusa Tenggara province of the Lesser Sunda Islands. It has an area of . It lies northeast of the Australian coast and northeast of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands. The island is situated to the...

 was split from Kupang Regency
Kupang Regency
Kupang Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1958, the regency has its seat in Kupang.- External links :...

, forming the new Rote Ndao Regency
Rote Ndao Regency
Rote Ndao Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia, consisting primarily of the island of Rote, situated south-west of the western tip of West Timor. Established in 2002 formerly part of Kupang Regency, the regency has its seat in Baa. The population is 119.711 in 2010...

. The following year, Manggarai Regency was split into two and a new West Manggarai Regency
West Manggarai Regency
West Manggarai Regency is one of the eight regencies which divide the island of Flores, located in the province of East Nusa Tenggara in Indonesia....

 established. In 2007, the administration of East Nusa Tenggara province was expanded more by the establishment of new four regencies. Therefore, as of 2007, there were nineteen regencies and only one autonomous city (Kupang
Kupang
Not to be confused with Tanjung Kupang in JohoreKupang is the provincial capital of East Nusa Tenggara province in southeast Indonesia....

) in the province; a further regency - Savu Raijua (comprising the Savu Islands group) - was later established.

Name Capital Est. Statute !! Area (km²) !! Population
2008 estimate !! Population
2010 Census
West Sumba Regency
West Sumba Regency
West Sumba Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1958,the regency has its seat in Waikabubak. Its population is 111,023 in the 2010 decennial census.- References :----...

 (Sumba Barat)
Waikabubak
Waikabubak
Waikabubak is a town in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia and it is the capital of West Sumba Regency. Waikabubak is the second largest city on Sumba island after Waingapu....

 
1958 UU 69/1958
East Sumba Regency
East Sumba Regency
East Sumba Regency is one of the four regencies which divide the island of Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Waingapu is the capital of East Sumba Regency. The population of East Sumba Regency is 190,214 ....

 (Sumba Timur)
Waingapu
Waingapu
Waingapu is the largest town on the island of Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It is the capital town of the Regency of Sumba Timur. Sumba Timur's Waingapu Airport 'Mau Hau' is located in Waingapu, and the town is served by ferries from nearby islands. The sub-district town has a population...

 
1958 UU 69/1958
Central Sumba Regency
Central Sumba Regency
Centra Sumba Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara of Indonesia. Centra Sumba was established after West Sumba Regency is split into two regencies in 2007.The seat of its government is located at Waibakul.- See also :...

 (Sumba Tengah)
Waibakul
Waibakul
Waibakul is a town in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia and it is the seat of Central Sumba Regency....

 
2007 UU 3/2007
Southwest Sumba Regency
Southwest Sumba Regency
Southwest Sumba Regency is a regency on Sumba in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 2007, the regency has its seat in Tambolaka. Its population was 283,818 in the 2010 decennial census, the most of any regency of the island....

 (Sumba Barat Daya)
Tambolaka  2007 UU 16/2007
Manggarai Regency  Ruteng
Ruteng
Ruteng is a small town on the western end of Flores Island, Indonesia. It is the capital of West Manggarai regency. The population is predominantly Roman Catholic, but still preserve the ancient Manggarai custom of caci , which is usually practiced at weddings, and serves as a tourist attraction....

 
1958 UU 69/1958
Sikka Regency  Maumere
Maumere
Maumere is the largest town of Flores, Indonesia and the centre of business. It lies on the north coast of the island and the port is in the northwest part of the town. The Maumere Airport is located in Maumere...

 
1958 UU 69/1958
Ngada Regency
Ngada Regency
Ngada Regency is one of the eight regencies which divide the island of Flores, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Bajawa is the capital of Ngada Regency...

 
Bajawa
Bajawa
Bajawa is a town of Flores, Indonesia and the capital of the Ngada Regency. It lies south of the East Nusa Tenggara province and southeast of Ruteng. Bajawa features natural hot springs which are used for bathing and volcanic scenery. The population is primary Roman Catholic....

 
1958 UU 69/1958
Ende Regency
Ende Regency
Ende Regency is one of the eight regencies which divide the island of Flores, within East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The town of Ende is the capital of Ende Regency. The area of Ende Regency is 2,046.62 sq.km, and it had a population of 238,127 .- External links :...

 
Ende
Ende, Indonesia
Ende is the capital of the Ende Regency, East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Ende is located on the southern coast of Flores Island. The city has a population of 60,000 residents.-History:...

 
1958 UU 69/1958
East Flores Regency
East Flores Regency
East Flores Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1958, the regency has its seat in Larantuka....

 
Larantuka
Larantuka
Larantuka is a subdistrict of East Flores Regency, on the eastern end of Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Like much of the region, Larantuka has a strong a colonial Portuguese influence...

 
1958 UU 69/1958
Kupang Regency
Kupang Regency
Kupang Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1958, the regency has its seat in Kupang.- External links :...

 
Kupang 1958 UU 69/1958
South Central Timor Regency
South Central Timor Regency
South Central Timor Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1958,the regency has its seat in Soe.- References :...

 
Soe  1958 UU 69/1958
North Central Timor Regency
North Central Timor Regency
North Central Timor Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1958,the regency has its seat in Kefamenanu.- References :----* http://www.ttukab.go.id/...

 
Kefamenanu
Kefamenanu
Kefamenanu is a town and capital of the subdistrict kecamatan of Kota Kefamenanu and the North Central Timor Regency in West Timor, Indonesia. A road connects it to Halilulik and Kota Atambua to the northeast....

 
1958 UU 69/1958
Belu Regency
Belu Regency
Belu Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1958, Belu Regency has its seat in Atambua.Belu means friend in Tetum.- External pages :...

 
Atambua
Atambua
Atambua is a town in the East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia and it is the seat of Belu Regency. The city is located in the west of Timor Island. In September 1999, 250,000 refugees arrived here from East Timor, after their vote for independence and the following violence...

 
1958 UU 69/1958
Alor Regency
Alor Regency
Alor Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1958, Alor Regency administers the Alor Archipelago with its seat in Kalabahi on Alor Island....

 
Kalabahi
Kalabahi
Kalabahi is a town on Alor Island and it is the capital of Alor Regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia....

 
1958 UU 69/1958
Lembata Regency
Lembata Regency
Lembata Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 1999, the regency covers the islands of Solor, Adonara, and Lembata , together with many smaller islands together forming the Solor Archipelago, and has its administrative seat in Lewoleba. The population of...

 
Lewoleba  1999 UU 52/1999
Rote Ndao Regency
Rote Ndao Regency
Rote Ndao Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia, consisting primarily of the island of Rote, situated south-west of the western tip of West Timor. Established in 2002 formerly part of Kupang Regency, the regency has its seat in Baa. The population is 119.711 in 2010...

 
Baa  2002 UU 9/2002
West Manggarai Regency
West Manggarai Regency
West Manggarai Regency is one of the eight regencies which divide the island of Flores, located in the province of East Nusa Tenggara in Indonesia....

 
Labuan Bajo
Labuan Bajo
Labuan Bajo is a fishing town located on the western coast of Flores in the Nusa Tenggara region of Indonesia.Once a small fishing village, Labuan Bajo in Flores is now a busy bustling epicenter of tourism...

 
2003 UU 8/2003
Nagekeo Regency
Nagekeo Regency
Nagekeo Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 2007, the regency has its seat in Mbay.-Salt Plant:August 2011: Due to long dry season at the location, Australian saltmaker Cheetam Saltworks Ltd...

 
Mbay  2007 UU 2/2007
East Manggarai Regency
East Manggarai Regency
East Manggarai Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Established in 2007, the regency has its seat in Borong.- References :...

 
Borong  2007 UU 36/2007 included with Manggarai
Sabu Raijua Regency
Sabu Raijua Regency
Sabu Raijua Regency is one of the regencies in the province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The regency was established by Indonesia's Minister of Home Affairs, Mardiyanto, on 29 October 2008, formerly of Kupang Regency. The population was 73,000 in the 2010 census....

 
West Sabu  2010
Kupang
Kupang
Not to be confused with Tanjung Kupang in JohoreKupang is the provincial capital of East Nusa Tenggara province in southeast Indonesia....

 City

Demographics

The population of the province was estimated to be 4,534,319 in 2008. The religious mix is atypical of Indonesia, with 91% Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...

 (majority Catholic, large Protestant population), 8% Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...

, 0.6% Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...

 or Buddhist
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...

, and 0.4% holding traditional beliefs. East Nusa Tenggara has become a refuge for Indonesian Christians fleeing from conflict in Maluku
Maluku Islands
The Maluku Islands are an archipelago that is part of Indonesia, and part of the larger Maritime Southeast Asia region. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone...

 and Irian Jaya.

The secondary school enrolment rate of 39% is dramatically below the Indonesian average (80.49% in 2003/04, according to UNESCO). Lack of clean drinking water, sanitation, and health facilities mean that child malnutrition (32%) and child mortality (71 per 1000) are higher than in most of the rest of Indonesia.

Economy

By several economic indicators, the province's economy is weaker than the Indonesian average, with high inflation (15%), unemployment
Unemployment
Unemployment , as defined by the International Labour Organization, occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively sought work within the past four weeks...

 (30%) and interest rate
Interest rate
An interest rate is the rate at which interest is paid by a borrower for the use of money that they borrow from a lender. For example, a small company borrows capital from a bank to buy new assets for their business, and in return the lender receives interest at a predetermined interest rate for...

s (22-24%).

Tourism

The provincial government aims to promote the tourist sector in the province. The basic infrastructure to support the tourist sector (such as transport facilities, accommodation, and adequate and reliable information) needs to be strengthened but several main features of the tourist sector in the province with potential include:
  • Komodo Island with the well-known Komodo
    Komodo
    Komodo may refer to:* Komodo dragon, is a large species of lizard found in the Indonesian islands of Komodo* Komodo , in Indonesia** kvh, a language spoken there, as listed in the standardized code ISO 639...

     dragon
  • Kelimutu
    Kelimutu
    Kelimutu is a volcano, close to the town of Moni in central Flores Island of Indonesia containing three summit crater lakes of varying colors. Tiwu Ata Mbupu is usually blue and is the westernmost of the three lakes...

    volcano on Flores which contains three striking crater lakes of varying colours.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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