9th century in England
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| 8th century 8th century in England Events from the 8th century in England.-Events:* 705** Saint Wilfrid re-instated as Bishop of Ripon.** Bede completes his first chronological work.* 710** Picts unsuccessfully invade Northumbria.* 716... | 9th century | 10th century 10th century in England Events from the 10th century in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 902** Irish Norsemen, expelled from Dublin, establish colonies on The Wirral.* 910–920** Edward the Elder, King of Wessex, and Æthelflæd, ruler of Mercia, conquer most of the Danelaw.... |
Events from the 9th century
9th century
The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian/Common Era.-West Africa:- Southeastern Nigeria :...
in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
.
Events
- 801
- NorthumbriaNorthumbriaNorthumbria was a medieval kingdom of the Angles, in what is now Northern England and South-East Scotland, becoming subsequently an earldom in a united Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England. The name reflects the approximate southern limit to the kingdom's territory, the Humber Estuary.Northumbria was...
n invasion of MerciaMerciaMercia was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. It was centred on the valley of the River Trent and its tributaries in the region now known as the English Midlands...
fails.
- Northumbria
- 802
- EgbertEgbert of WessexEgbert was King of Wessex from 802 until his death in 839. His father was Ealhmund of Kent...
becomes King of WessexWessexThe Kingdom of Wessex or Kingdom of the West Saxons was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the West Saxons, in South West England, from the 6th century, until the emergence of a united English state in the 10th century, under the Wessex dynasty. It was to be an earldom after Canute the Great's conquest...
.
- Egbert
- 803
- Council of Clofeshoh abolishes the Archbishopric of Lichfield.
- 805
- 12 May - Death of ÆthelhardÆthelhardÆthelhard was a Bishop of Winchester then an Archbishop of Canterbury in medieval England. Appointed by King Offa of Mercia, Æthelhard had difficulties with both the Kentish monarchs and with a rival archiepiscopate in southern England, and was deposed around 796 by King Eadberht III Præn of Kent...
, Archbishop of Canterbury. - 3 August - Enthronement of WulfredWulfredWulfred was an Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury in medieval England. Nothing is known of his life prior to 803, when he attended a church council, but he was probably a nobleman from Middlesex. He was elected archbishop in 805 and spent his time in office reforming the clergy of his cathedral...
as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 12 May - Death of Æthelhard
- 815
- Egbert of Wessex conquers CornwallCornwallCornwall is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of , and covers an area of...
.
- Egbert of Wessex conquers Cornwall
- 816
- Saxons invade the mountains of Eryri and the kingdom of RhufoniogRhufoniogRhufoniog was a small sub-kingdom of the Dark Ages Gwynedd, and later a cantref in medieval Wales. According to tradition, it was ruled by its eponymous founder Rhufon, the third son of the first King of Gwynedd, Cunedda, and his direct descendants from the year 445 until the year 540 when it was...
.
- Saxons invade the mountains of Eryri and the kingdom of Rhufoniog
- 818
- King Cenwulf of Mercia devastates DyfedDyfedDyfed is a preserved county of Wales. It was created on 1 April 1974 under the terms of the Local Government Act 1972, and covered approximately the same geographic extent as the ancient Principality of Deheubarth, although excluding the Gower Peninsula and the area west of the River Tawe...
.
- King Cenwulf of Mercia devastates Dyfed
- 821
- WulfredWulfredWulfred was an Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury in medieval England. Nothing is known of his life prior to 803, when he attended a church council, but he was probably a nobleman from Middlesex. He was elected archbishop in 805 and spent his time in office reforming the clergy of his cathedral...
, Archbishop of Canterbury, submits to Cenwulf of Mercia in a dispute over Church lands.
- Wulfred
- 822
- Mercian army destroys the fortress of Degannwy and takes control of PowysPowysPowys is a local-government county and preserved county in Wales.-Geography:Powys covers the historic counties of Montgomeryshire and Radnorshire, most of Brecknockshire , and a small part of Denbighshire — an area of 5,179 km², making it the largest county in Wales by land area.It is...
.
- Mercian army destroys the fortress of Degannwy and takes control of Powys
- 823
- A fight of Welsh/Britons [against] Devon-men at GalfordGalfordGalford can refer to:* Galford, a place near Lewdown in Devon, England, the site of a battle between Cornish and Devonian forces in the early 9th century...
- A fight of Welsh/Britons [against] Devon-men at Galford
- 825
- Battle of Ellendun: King Egbert of Wessex defeats the Mercians, and subdues EssexKingdom of EssexThe Kingdom of Essex or Kingdom of the East Saxons was one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the so-called Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. It was founded in the 6th century and covered the territory later occupied by the counties of Essex, Hertfordshire, Middlesex and Kent. Kings of Essex were...
, SussexKingdom of SussexThe Kingdom of Sussex or Kingdom of the South Saxons was a Saxon colony and later independent kingdom of the Saxons, on the south coast of England. Its boundaries coincided in general with those of the earlier kingdom of the Regnenses and the later county of Sussex. A large part of its territory...
, and KentKingdom of KentThe Kingdom of Kent was a Jutish colony and later independent kingdom in what is now south east England. It was founded at an unknown date in the 5th century by Jutes, members of a Germanic people from continental Europe, some of whom settled in Britain after the withdrawal of the Romans...
, ending the Mercian Supremacy.
- Battle of Ellendun: King Egbert of Wessex defeats the Mercians, and subdues Essex
- 829
- Egbert of Wessex temporarily conquers MerciaMerciaMercia was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. It was centred on the valley of the River Trent and its tributaries in the region now known as the English Midlands...
.
- Egbert of Wessex temporarily conquers Mercia
- 830
- NenniusNenniusNennius was a Welsh monk of the 9th century.He has traditionally been attributed with the authorship of the Historia Brittonum, based on the prologue affixed to that work, This attribution is widely considered a secondary tradition....
completes his Historia Brittonum.
- Nennius
- 832
- 24 March - Death of WulfredWulfredWulfred was an Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury in medieval England. Nothing is known of his life prior to 803, when he attended a church council, but he was probably a nobleman from Middlesex. He was elected archbishop in 805 and spent his time in office reforming the clergy of his cathedral...
, Archbishop of Canterbury. - 9 June - Consecration of FeologildFeologildFeologild was likely a medieval English Archbishop of Canterbury, although slight controversy surrounds his election, with at least a couple of modern historians arguing that instead of being elected, he was merely an unsuccessful candidate for the office...
as Archbishop of Canterbury. - 30 August - Death of Feologild.
- 24 March - Death of Wulfred
- 833
- 27 August - Consecration of CeolnothCeolnoth-Biography:Gervase of Canterbury says that Ceolnoth was Dean of the see of Canterbury previous to being elected to the archiepiscopal see of Canterbury, but this story has no confirmation in contemporary records. Ceolnoth was consecrated archbishop on 27 July 833...
as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 27 August - Consecration of Ceolnoth
- 835
- Vikings raid SheppeyIsle of SheppeyThe Isle of Sheppey is an island off the northern coast of Kent, England in the Thames Estuary, some to the east of London. It has an area of . The island forms part of the local government district of Swale...
.
- Vikings raid Sheppey
- 838
- Battle of Hingston Down: Egbert of Wessex defeats combined DanishDenmarkDenmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
and CornishCornwallCornwall is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of , and covers an area of...
armies.
- Battle of Hingston Down: Egbert of Wessex defeats combined Danish
- 842
- Vikings raid London, Rochester, and SouthamptonSouthamptonSouthampton is the largest city in the county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated south-west of London and north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest...
.
- Vikings raid London, Rochester, and Southampton
- 851
- KentKentKent is a county in southeast England, and is one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of...
ish ships defeat the Danes off SandwichSandwich, KentSandwich is a historic town and civil parish on the River Stour in the Non-metropolitan district of Dover, within the ceremonial county of Kent, south-east England. It has a population of 6,800....
in the first recorded naval battle in English history. - Battle of Oakley: King Ethelwulf of WessexEthelwulf of WessexÆthelwulf, also spelled Aethelwulf or Ethelwulf; Old English: Æþelwulf, meaning 'Noble Wolf', was King of Wessex from 839 until his death in 858. He is the only son who can indisputably be accredited to King Egbert of Wessex. He conquered the kingdom of Kent on behalf of his father in 825, and was...
defeats the Danes. - Danes over-winter in England for the first time, at ThanetThanetThanet is a local government district of Kent, England which was formed under the Local Government Act 1972, and came into being on 1 April 1974...
.
- Kent
- 852
- Saint Swithun becomes Bishop of WinchesterBishop of WinchesterThe Bishop of Winchester is the head of the Church of England diocese of Winchester, with his cathedra at Winchester Cathedral in Hampshire.The bishop is one of five Church of England bishops to be among the Lords Spiritual regardless of their length of service. His diocese is one of the oldest and...
.
- Saint Swithun becomes Bishop of Winchester
- 853
- King Ethelwulf sends his son AlfredAlfred the GreatAlfred the Great was King of Wessex from 871 to 899.Alfred is noted for his defence of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, becoming the only English monarch still to be accorded the epithet "the Great". Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself...
to the papal court in RomeRomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
.
- King Ethelwulf sends his son Alfred
- 865
- EthelredEthelred of WessexKing Æthelred I was King of Wessex from 865 to 871. He was the fourth son of King Æthelwulf of Wessex...
becomes King of WessexWessexThe Kingdom of Wessex or Kingdom of the West Saxons was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the West Saxons, in South West England, from the 6th century, until the emergence of a united English state in the 10th century, under the Wessex dynasty. It was to be an earldom after Canute the Great's conquest...
. - Danish invasion force lands in East Anglia.
- Ethelred
- 866
- Danes capture YorkYorkYork is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence...
.
- Danes capture York
- 867
- Danes defeat Northumbrians and install a puppet ruler.
- 869
- 20 November - Battle of Hoxne: Danes defeat East Anglians, killing King Edmund the MartyrEdmund the MartyrSt Edmund the Martyr was a king of East Anglia, an Anglo-Saxon kingdom which today includes the English counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire.D'Evelyn, Charlotte, and Mill, Anna J., , 1956. Reprinted 1967...
.
- 20 November - Battle of Hoxne: Danes defeat East Anglians, killing King Edmund the Martyr
- 870
- Danes capture ReadingReading, BerkshireReading is a large town and unitary authority area in England. It is located in the Thames Valley at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway, some west of London....
. - 4 February - Death of CeolnothCeolnoth-Biography:Gervase of Canterbury says that Ceolnoth was Dean of the see of Canterbury previous to being elected to the archiepiscopal see of Canterbury, but this story has no confirmation in contemporary records. Ceolnoth was consecrated archbishop on 27 July 833...
, Archbishop of Canterbury. He is succeeded by Æthelred.
- Danes capture Reading
- 871
- January - Battle of AshdownBattle of AshdownThe Battle of Ashdown, in Berkshire , took place on 8 January 871. Alfred the Great, then a prince of only twenty-one, led the West Saxon army of his brother, King Ethelred, in a victorious battle against the invading Danes.Accounts of the battle are based to a large extent on Asser's "Life of...
: Ethelred defeats the Danes. - 23 April - Ethelred dies; succeeded by his brother Alfred the GreatAlfred the GreatAlfred the Great was King of Wessex from 871 to 899.Alfred is noted for his defence of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, becoming the only English monarch still to be accorded the epithet "the Great". Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself...
.
- January - Battle of Ashdown
- 874
- Danes appoint a puppet ruler in Mercia.
- 875
- Monks leave LindisfarneLindisfarneLindisfarne is a tidal island off the north-east coast of England. It is also known as Holy Island and constitutes a civil parish in Northumberland...
with the body of Saint Cuthbert, and settle at Chester-le-StreetChester-le-StreetChester-le-Street is a town in County Durham, England. It has a history going back to Roman times when it was called Concangis. The town is located south of Newcastle upon Tyne and west of Sunderland on the River Wear...
.
- Monks leave Lindisfarne
- 876
- Danes capture southern NorthumbriaNorthumbriaNorthumbria was a medieval kingdom of the Angles, in what is now Northern England and South-East Scotland, becoming subsequently an earldom in a united Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England. The name reflects the approximate southern limit to the kingdom's territory, the Humber Estuary.Northumbria was...
, and found the Kingdom of York.
- Danes capture southern Northumbria
- 877
- Saxons kill Rhodri the GreatRhodri the GreatRhodri the Great was King of Gwynedd from 844 until his death. He was the first Welsh ruler to be called 'Great', and the first to rule most of present-day Wales...
and his son Gwriad. - Danes capture ExeterExeterExeter is a historic city in Devon, England. It lies within the ceremonial county of Devon, of which it is the county town as well as the home of Devon County Council. Currently the administrative area has the status of a non-metropolitan district, and is therefore under the administration of the...
, and settle in the Five Boroughs.
- Saxons kill Rhodri the Great
- 878
- January - Danes capture ChippenhamChippenhamChippenham may be:* Chippenham, Wiltshire* Chippenham * Chippenham, Cambridgeshire-See also:* Virginia State Route 150, also known as Chippenham Parkway, USA* Cippenham, Berkshire, UK...
, and take control of much of Wessex. - Easter - Alfred constructs a fort at AthelneyAthelneyAthelney is located between the villages of Burrowbridge and East Lyng in the Sedgemoor district of Somerset, England. The area is known as the Isle of Athelney, because it was once a very low isolated island in the 'very great swampy and impassable marshes' of the Somerset Levels. Much of the...
, and holds out against the Danes. - 11 May - Battle of Ethandun: Alfred defeats the Danes. Guthrum baptisedBaptismIn Christianity, baptism is for the majority the rite of admission , almost invariably with the use of water, into the Christian Church generally and also membership of a particular church tradition...
. - Danes take control of East Anglia.
- Princes of southern WalesWalesWales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...
acknowledge Alfred as their overlord.
- January - Danes capture Chippenham
- 886
- Alfred restores London to Mercia.
- Alred signs a treaty with Guthrum, granting the territory between the Thames and the Tees to the Danes; later known as the DanelawDanelawThe Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , is a historical name given to the part of England in which the laws of the "Danes" held sway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons. It is contrasted with "West Saxon law" and "Mercian law". The term has been extended by modern historians to...
.
- 888
- 30 June - Death of Æthelred, Archbishop of Canterbury. He is succeeded by PlegmundPlegmundPlegmund , after spending time as a hermit, became Archbishop of Canterbury in England from 890 to 914. He reorganised the Diocese of Winchester, creating four new sees, and worked with other scholars in translating religious works...
.
- 30 June - Death of Æthelred, Archbishop of Canterbury. He is succeeded by Plegmund
- 892
- Danes invade again, under the leadership of HasteinHasteinHastein was a notable Viking chieftain of the late 9th century who made several raiding voyages.- Early life :...
. - Anglo-Saxon ChronicleAnglo-Saxon ChronicleThe Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The original manuscript of the Chronicle was created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alfred the Great...
first compiled.
- Danes invade again, under the leadership of Hastein
- 893
- Battle of Buttington IslandButtingtonButtington is a village in Powys, Wales. The Montgomery Canal passes through the village.-The Battle of Buttington:This battle took place in 893 AD between a combined Welsh and Mercian army, which defeated Danish invaders who had marched from Essex....
: Alfred joins with Welsh forces to push back the Danes to ChesterChesterChester is a city in Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77,040 inhabitants, and is the largest and most populous settlement of the wider unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 328,100 according to the...
. - AsserAsserAsser was a Welsh monk from St David's, Dyfed, who became Bishop of Sherborne in the 890s. About 885 he was asked by Alfred the Great to leave St David's and join the circle of learned men whom Alfred was recruiting for his court...
of Sherborne writes the Life of Alfred.
- Battle of Buttington Island
- 894
- Danish forces reach the Thames estuary.
- 895
- Alfred blockades the Danish fleet at the River Lea; Danes retreat to BridgnorthBridgnorthBridgnorth is a town in Shropshire, England, along the Severn Valley. It is split into Low Town and High Town, named on account of their elevations relative to the River Severn, which separates the upper town on the right bank from the lower on the left...
.
- Alfred blockades the Danish fleet at the River Lea; Danes retreat to Bridgnorth
- 896
- Danish army leaves Wessex.
- 899
- 26 October - King Alfred of Wessex dies; succeeded by his son, Edward the ElderEdward the ElderEdward the Elder was an English king. He became king in 899 upon the death of his father, Alfred the Great. His court was at Winchester, previously the capital of Wessex...
.
- 26 October - King Alfred of Wessex dies; succeeded by his son, Edward the Elder