1913 in Germany
Encyclopedia
National level
- KaiserKaiserKaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
- Wilhelm II - ChancellorChancellor of GermanyThe Chancellor of Germany is, under the German 1949 constitution, the head of government of Germany...
- Theobald von Bethmann-HollwegTheobald von Bethmann-HollwegTheobald von Bethmann Hollweg was a German politician and statesman who served as Chancellor of the German Empire from 1909 to 1917.-Origins:...
Kingdoms
- King of BavariaKing of BavariaKing of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished...
- Otto of BavariaOtto of BavariaOtto , was King of Bavaria from 1886 to 1913. He was the son of Maximilian II and his wife, Marie of Prussia, and younger brother of Ludwig II...
to 5 November, then Ludwig III of BavariaLudwig III of BavariaLudwig III , was the last King of Bavaria, reigning from 1913 to 1918.-Early life:... - King of Prussia - Kaiser Wilhelm II
- King of Saxony - Frederick Augustus III of SaxonyFrederick Augustus III of SaxonyThis article is about King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony. For the elector Frederick Augustus III, see Frederick Augustus I of Saxony.Frederick Augustus III was the last King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.Born in Dresden, Frederick Augustus was the son of King George of Saxony...
- King of Württemberg - William II of WürttembergWilliam II of WürttembergWilliam II was the fourth King of Württemberg, from 6 October 1891 until the abolition of the kingdom on 30 November 1918...
Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden - Frederick II
- Grand Duke of Hesse - Ernest LouisErnest Louis, Grand Duke of HesseErnest Louis Charles Albert William , was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until 1918...
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-SchwerinMecklenburg-SchwerinMecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1348, when Albert II of Mecklenburg and his younger brother John were raised to Dukes of Mecklenburg by King Charles IV...
- Frederick Francis IV - Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz - Adolphus Frederick V
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg - Frederick Augustus IIFrederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of OldenburgFrederick Augustus II was the last ruling grand duke of Oldenburg. He married Princess Elisabeth Anna of Prussia, daughter of Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau and Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia...
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachSaxe-Weimar-EisenachThe Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach. It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress. In 1877, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony , but this name was...
- William ErnestWilliam Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachWilhelm Ernst Karl Alexander Friedrich Heinrich Bernhard Albert Georg Hermann was the last Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.-Biography:...
Principalities
- Schaumburg-LippeSchaumburg-LippeSchaumburg-Lippe was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg.- History :...
- Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-LippeAdolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-LippeAdolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was the last ruler of the small Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:... - Schwarzburg-RudolstadtSchwarzburg-RudolstadtSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a small historic state in present-day Thuringia, Germany with its capital at Rudolstadt.-History:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was established in 1599 in the course of a resettlement of Schwarzburg dynasty lands...
- Günther Victor, Prince of SchwarzburgGünther Victor, Prince of SchwarzburgGünther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg was the final sovereign prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.-Biography:... - Schwarzburg-SondershausenSchwarzburg-SondershausenSchwarzburg-Sondershausen was a small principality in Germany, in the present day state of Thuringia, with capital at Sondershausen.-History:...
- Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg - Principality of LippePrincipality of LippeLippe was a historical state in Germany. It was located between the Weser River and the southeast part of the Teutoburg forest.-History:...
- Leopold IV, Prince of LippeLeopold IV, Prince of LippeLeopold IV, Prince of Lippe was the final sovereign of the Principality of Lippe... - Reuss Elder LineReuss Elder LineThe Principality of Reuss Elder Line was a state in Germany, ruled by members of the House of Reuss. The Counts Reuss of Greiz, Lower- and Upper Greiz , were elevated to princely status in 1778. Its members bore the title Prince Reuss, Elder Line, or Prince Reuss of Greiz...
- Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of GreizHeinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of GreizHeinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz was the last reigning Prince Reuss of Greiz from 1902 to 1918. Then he became Head of the House Reuss of Greiz which became extinct at his death in 1927.-Early life:...
(with Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger LineHeinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line-Early life:Heinrich XIV was born at Coburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, sixth child of Heinrich LXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line , and his wife, Princess Adelheid Reuss of Ebersdorf , .-Prince Reuss...
to 29 March, then Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger LineHeinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger LineHeinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line was the last reigning Prince Reuss Younger Line from 1913 to 1918. Then he became Head of the House of Reuss Younger Line from 1918 to 1928.-Early life:...
, as regent) - Reuss Younger Line - Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line to 29 March, then Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and PyrmontWaldeck (state)Waldeck was a sovereign principality in the German Empire and German Confederation and, until 1929, a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. It comprised territories in present-day Hesse and Lower Saxony, ....
- Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt - Frederick II, Duke of AnhaltFrederick II, Duke of AnhaltFrederick II was the Duke of Anhalt from 1904 until 1918.-Early life:He was born in Dessau in 1856 as the second son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Anhalt-Dessau and his wife Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg....
- Duke of Brunswick - Duke John Albert of MecklenburgDuke John Albert of MecklenburgDuke John Albert of Mecklenburg was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin who served as the regent of two states of the German Empire...
(regent) to 1 November, then Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick from 2 November - Duke of Saxe-Altenburg - Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and GothaCharles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and GothaCharles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was the fourth and last reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, two duchies in Germany , and the head of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1900 until his death in 1954...
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen - Georg II, Duke of Saxe-MeiningenGeorg II, Duke of Saxe-MeiningenGeorg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen , was the penultimate Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, reigning from 1866 to 1914.-Family and early life:...
Colonial Governors
- CameroonKamerunGerman Cameroon was a West African colony of the German Empire from 1884 to 1916 in the region of today's Republic of Cameroon.-History:-1800s:...
(Kamerun) — Karl Ebermaier (1st term) to 9 October, then ... Full - Kiaochow (Kiautschou) — Alfred Meyer-Waldeck
- German East AfricaGerman East AfricaGerman East Africa was a German colony in East Africa, which included what are now :Burundi, :Rwanda and Tanganyika . Its area was , nearly three times the size of Germany today....
(Deutsch-Ostafrika) — Albert Heinrich Schnee - German New GuineaGerman New GuineaGerman New Guinea was the first part of the German colonial empire. It was a protectorate from 1884 until 1914 when it fell to Australia following the outbreak of the First World War. It consisted of the northeastern part of New Guinea and several nearby island groups...
(Deutsch-Neuguinea) — Albert Hahl (2nd term) - German SamoaGerman SamoaGerman Samoa was a German protectorate from 1900 to 1914, consisting of the islands of Upolu, Savai'i, Apolima and Manono, now wholly within the independent state Samoa, formerly Western Samoa...
(Deutsch-Samoa) — Erich Schultz-Ewerth - German South-West AfricaGerman South-West AfricaGerman South West Africa was a colony of Germany from 1884 until 1915, when it was taken over by South Africa and administered as South West Africa, finally becoming Namibia in 1990...
(Deutsch-Südwestafrika) — Theodor Seitz - TogolandTogolandTogoland was a German protectorate in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana. The colony was established during the period generally known as the "Scramble for Africa"...
— Duke Adolf Friedrich of MecklenburgDuke Adolf Friedrich of MecklenburgDuke Adolf Friedrich Albrecht Heinrich of Mecklenburg was a German explorer in Africa, a colonial politician, the elected Duke of the United Baltic Duchy from 5 November to 28 November, 1918, and the first president of the National Olympic Committee of Germany .- Biography :Born in Schwerin, Adolf...
Births
- 27 April — Luz LongLuz LongCarl Ludwig "Luz" Long was a German Olympic athlete, notable for winning Silver at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin and for giving advice to his competitor, Jesse Owens, who went on to win the gold medal for the broad jump as a result of Long's advice.Long was killed in...
, German long jump athlete (d. 19431943 in Germany-National level:Head of State*Adolf Hitler Chancellor* Adolf Hitler -Events:* 13 January — Helmut Schenk is the first person to use an ejection seat from an aircraft....
) - 10 June — Benjamin ShapiraBenjamin Shapira- Biography :Shapira was born in Germany in 1913. He emigrated, with his parents, to the then British Mandate of Palestine in 1926 and settled in Afula. He studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem from 1933 and obtained a BSc in natural sciences in 1937. In 1940, he was awarded a PhD.- See...
, German-born Israeli biochemist (d. 19931993 in Israel-Incumbents:* Prime Minister of Israel – Yitzhak Rabin * President of Israel – Chaim Herzog until May 13, Ezer Weizman* Chief of General Staff - Ehud Barak* Government of Israel - 25th Government of Israel-Events:...
)
Deaths
- 29 March — Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger LineHeinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line-Early life:Heinrich XIV was born at Coburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, sixth child of Heinrich LXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line , and his wife, Princess Adelheid Reuss of Ebersdorf , .-Prince Reuss...
, nobleman (b. 1832)