1903 in literature
Encyclopedia
The year 1903 in literature involved some significant new books.

Events

  • October 24 - Mark Twain
    Mark Twain
    Samuel Langhorne Clemens , better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist...

     moves to Florence.
  • The first Goncourt Prize for French literature is awarded to John Antoine Nau
    John Antoine Nau
    John Antoine Nau , real name Eugène Léon Édouard Torquet, was a French poet and writer most famous for his novel Enemy Force, which won the first Prix Goncourt in 1903.-Life:...

    .
  • The Ambassadors
    The Ambassadors
    The Ambassadors is a 1903 novel by Henry James, originally published as a serial in the North American Review . This dark comedy, one of the masterpieces of James's final period, follows the trip of protagonist Lewis Lambert Strether to Europe in pursuit of Chad, his widowed fiancée's supposedly...

     by Henry James
    Henry James
    Henry James, OM was an American-born writer, regarded as one of the key figures of 19th-century literary realism. He was the son of Henry James, Sr., a clergyman, and the brother of philosopher and psychologist William James and diarist Alice James....

     is serialized in twelve installments, from January to December.
  • Jack London
    Jack London
    John Griffith "Jack" London was an American author, journalist, and social activist. He was a pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity and a large fortune from his fiction alone...

    's novel The Call of the Wild
    The Call of the Wild
    The Call of the Wild is a novel by American writer Jack London. The plot concerns a previously domesticated dog named Buck, whose primordial instincts return after a series of events leads to his serving as a sled dog in the Yukon during the 19th-century Klondike Gold Rush, in which sled dogs...

     is serialized in the Saturday Evening Post.

New books

  • L. Frank Baum
    L. Frank Baum
    Lyman Frank Baum was an American author of children's books, best known for writing The Wonderful Wizard of Oz...

     - The Enchanted Island of Yew
    The Enchanted Island of Yew
    The Enchanted Island of Yew: Whereon Prince Marvel Encountered the High Ki of Twi and Other Surprising People is a children's fantasy novel written by L. Frank Baum, illustrated by Fanny Y...

  • René Boylesve
    René Boylesve
    René Boylesve , born René Marie Auguste Tardiveau, was a French author.-Works:* Le Médecin des Dames de Néans ,* Mademoiselle Cloque ,* La Becquée ,...

     - Enfant à la Balustrade
  • Samuel Butler - The Way of All Flesh
    The Way of All Flesh
    The Way of All Flesh is a semi-autobiographical novel by Samuel Butler which attacks Victorian-era hypocrisy. Written between 1873 and 1884, it traces four generations of the Pontifex family. It represents a relaxation from the religious outlook from a Calvinistic approach, which is presented as...

  • Robert Erskine Childers
    Robert Erskine Childers
    Robert Erskine Childers DSC , universally known as Erskine Childers, was the author of the influential novel Riddle of the Sands and an Irish nationalist who smuggled guns to Ireland in his sailing yacht Asgard. He was executed by the authorities of the nascent Irish Free State during the Irish...

     - The Riddle of the Sands
    The Riddle of the Sands
    The Riddle of the Sands: A Record of Secret Service is a 1903 novel by Erskine Childers. It is an early example of the espionage novel, with a strong underlying theme of militarism...

  • Joseph Conrad
    Joseph Conrad
    Joseph Conrad was a Polish-born English novelist.Conrad is regarded as one of the great novelists in English, although he did not speak the language fluently until he was in his twenties...

     - Typhoon and Other Stories
    Typhoon (novel)
    Typhoon is a novel by Joseph Conrad, begun in 1899 and serialized in Pall Mall Magazine January to March 1902. Its first book publication was in New York by Putnam in 1902 and was published in Britain in Typhoon and Other Stories by Heinemann in 1903.-Plot summary:It is a classic sea yarn that...

  • John Fox, Jr.
    John Fox, Jr.
    John Fox, Jr. was an American journalist, novelist, and short story writer.-Biography:Born in Stony Point, Bourbon County, Kentucky, to John William Fox, Sr., and Minerva Worth Carr, Fox studied English at Harvard University. He graduated in 1883 before becoming a reporter in New York City...

     - The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come
    The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come
    The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come is a 1961 film directed by Andrew McLaglen. It stars Jimmie Rodgers and Luana Patten. It is based on the 1903 novel of the same title by John Fox, Jr.-Cast:*Jimmie Rodgers as Chad*Luana Patten as Melissa Turner...

  • Mary E. Wilkins Freeman - The Wind in the Rose Bush
  • George Gissing
    George Gissing
    George Robert Gissing was an English novelist who published twenty-three novels between 1880 and 1903. From his early naturalistic works, he developed into one of the most accomplished realists of the late-Victorian era.-Early life:...

     - The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft
  • Henry James
    Henry James
    Henry James, OM was an American-born writer, regarded as one of the key figures of 19th-century literary realism. He was the son of Henry James, Sr., a clergyman, and the brother of philosopher and psychologist William James and diarist Alice James....

     - The Ambassadors
    The Ambassadors
    The Ambassadors is a 1903 novel by Henry James, originally published as a serial in the North American Review . This dark comedy, one of the masterpieces of James's final period, follows the trip of protagonist Lewis Lambert Strether to Europe in pursuit of Chad, his widowed fiancée's supposedly...

  • Jack London
    Jack London
    John Griffith "Jack" London was an American author, journalist, and social activist. He was a pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity and a large fortune from his fiction alone...

     - The Call of the Wild
    Call Of The Wild
    -Track listing:All songs written by Ted Nugent, except where indicated:#"Call of the Wild" – 4:51#"Sweet Revenge" – 4:06#"Pony Express" – 5:21#"Ain't It the Truth" – 4:57#"Renegade" – 3:33...

  • John Antoine Nau
    John Antoine Nau
    John Antoine Nau , real name Eugène Léon Édouard Torquet, was a French poet and writer most famous for his novel Enemy Force, which won the first Prix Goncourt in 1903.-Life:...

      - Force ennemie
    Force ennemie
    Force ennemie is a novel by French author John Antoine Nau. It won the inaugural Prix Goncourt in 1903.In 2010 Michael Shreve adapted it into English as Enemy Force.-Plot summary:...

  • Frank Norris
    Frank Norris
    Benjamin Franklin Norris, Jr. was an American novelist, during the Progressive Era, writing predominantly in the naturalist genre. His notable works include McTeague , The Octopus: A Story of California , and The Pit .-Life:Frank Norris was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1870...

     - The Pit
    The Pit
    -Places:* The Pit , the main indoor arena at the University of New Mexico* Elder 'The Pit' Stadium, the football stadium at Elder High School in Cincinnati, Ohio* The Pit, a 200-seat studio theatre at the Barbican Arts Centre in the City of London...

  • Marmaduke Pickthall
    Marmaduke Pickthall
    Marmaduke Pickthall was a Western Islamic scholar, noted as an English translator of the Qur'an into English. A convert from Christianity, Pickthall was a novelist, esteemed by D. H. Lawrence, H. G. Wells, and E. M. Forster, as well as a journalist, headmaster, and political and religious leader...

     - Said the Fisherman
  • Beatrix Potter
    Beatrix Potter
    Helen Beatrix Potter was an English author, illustrator, natural scientist and conservationist best known for her imaginative children’s books featuring animals such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit which celebrated the British landscape and country life.Born into a privileged Unitarian...

     - The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin
    The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin
    The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in August 1903. The story is about an impertinent red squirrel named Nutkin and his narrow escape from an owl called Old Brown. The book followed Potter's hugely...

  • Bram Stoker
    Bram Stoker
    Abraham "Bram" Stoker was an Irish novelist and short story writer, best known today for his 1897 Gothic novel Dracula...

     - The Jewel of Seven Stars
    The Jewel of Seven Stars
    The Jewel of Seven Stars is a horror novel by Bram Stoker, first published in 1903. The story is about an archaeologist's plot to revive Queen Tera, an ancient Egyptian mummy.-Second edition:...

  • Jules Verne
    Jules Verne
    Jules Gabriel Verne was a French author who pioneered the science fiction genre. He is best known for his novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea , A Journey to the Center of the Earth , and Around the World in Eighty Days...

     - Traveling Scholarships
    Traveling Scholarships
    Traveling Scholarships is an adventure novel written by Jules Verne.The novel has not been translated to English as of 2009.-Plot summary:Antilian School is a renowned London college, which hosts only young European people born in the Caribbean...

  • Mary Augusta Ward
    Mary Augusta Ward
    Mary Augusta Ward née Arnold; , was a British novelist who wrote under her married name as Mrs Humphry Ward.- Early life:...

     - Lady Rose's Daughter
    Lady Rose's Daughter
    Lady Rose's Daughter is a 1920 silent film drama starring Elsie Ferguson and David Powell with directing being from Hugh Ford. It was produced by Famous Players-Lasky and released through Paramount Pictures. The film was based on a stage play performed in 1903 on Broadway. Both the film and the...

  • Kate Douglas Wiggin
    Kate Douglas Wiggin
    Kate Douglas Wiggin was an American educator and author of children's stories, most notably the classic children's novel Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. She started the first free kindergarten in San Francisco in 1878...

     - Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm
    Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm
    Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm is a classic American 1903 children's novel by Kate Douglas Wiggin that tells the story of Rebecca Rowena Randall and her two stern aunts in the village of Riverboro, Maine. Rebecca's joy for life inspires her aunts, but she faces many trials in her young life, gaining...

  • Emile Zola
    Émile Zola
    Émile François Zola was a French writer, the most important exemplar of the literary school of naturalism and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism...

     - Vérité

New drama

  • Dusé Mohamed Ali
    Dusé Mohamed Ali
    Dusé Mohamed Ali , , was an African nationalist. He was also an actor, historian, journalist, editor, lecturer, traveller, publisher, a founder of the Comet Press Ltd. and The Comet newspaper .-Early life:He was born in Alexandria, Egypt...

     - The Jew's Revenge
  • J.M. Synge - In the Shadow of the Glen
    In the Shadow of the Glen
    In the Shadow of the Glen is a one-act play written by Irish playwright J. M. Synge, first performed in Molesworth Hall, Dublin on October 8, 1903. It was the first play by Synge to be performed on stage...


Poetry

  • Giovanni Pascoli
    Giovanni Pascoli
    Giovanni Placido Agostino Pascoli was an Italian poet and classical scholar.- Biography :Giovanni Pascoli was born at San Mauro di Romagna , into a well-to-do family. He was the fourth of ten children of Ruggero Pascoli and Caterina Vincenzi Alloccatelli...

    , Canti di Castelvecchio
  • Thomas Traherne
    Thomas Traherne
    Thomas Traherne, MA was an English poet and religious writer. His style is often considered Metaphysical.-Life:...

    , Poetical Works (posthumous)
  • William Butler Yeats
    William Butler Yeats
    William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and playwright, and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years he served as an Irish Senator for two terms...

    , In the Seven Woods
    In the Seven Woods
    In the Seven Woods is a volume of poems by William Butler Yeats, published in 1903 by Elizabeth Yeats's Dun Emer Press.This is the first book of Yeats' "middle period," in which he eschewed his previous Romantic ideals and preference for pre-Raphaelite imagery, in favor of a more spare style and an...

    , Ideas of Good and Evil

Non-fiction

  • Ada Cambridge
    Ada Cambridge
    Ada Cambridge , later known as Ada Cross, was an English writer.Overall she wrote more than twenty-five works of fiction, three volumes of poetry and two autobiographical works...

     - Thirty Years in Australia
  • W. E. B. Du Bois - The Souls of Black Folk
    The Souls of Black Folk
    The Souls of Black Folk is a classic work of American literature by W. E. B. Du Bois. It is a seminal work in the history of sociology, and a cornerstone of African-American literary history....

  • G. E. Moore - Principia Ethica
    Principia Ethica
    Principia Ethica is a monograph by philosopher G. E. Moore, first published in 1903. It is one of the standard texts of modern ethics, and introduced the term naturalistic fallacy.-External links:* of Principia Ethica....


Births

  • February 11 - Alan Paton
    Alan Paton
    Alan Stewart Paton was a South African author and anti-apartheid activist.-Family:Paton was born in Pietermaritzburg, Natal Province , the son of a minor civil servant. After attending Maritzburg College, he earned a Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Natal in his hometown, followed...

    , South African writer (d. 1988)
  • February 13 - Georges Simenon
    Georges Simenon
    Georges Joseph Christian Simenon was a Belgian writer. A prolific author who published nearly 200 novels and numerous short works, Simenon is best known for the creation of the fictional detective Maigret.-Early life and education:...

    , Belgian
    Belgium
    Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...

     writer (d. 1989)
  • February 21 - Raymond Queneau
    Raymond Queneau
    Raymond Queneau was a French poet and novelist and the co-founder of Ouvroir de littérature potentielle .-Biography:Born in Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, Queneau was the only child of Auguste Queneau and Joséphine Mignot...

    , French poet (d. 1976)
  • February 22 - Morley Callaghan
    Morley Callaghan
    Morley Callaghan, was a Canadian novelist, short story writer, playwright, TV and radio personality.-Biography:...

    , Canadian
    Canada
    Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

     writer (d. 1990)
  • June 8 - Marguerite Yourcenar
    Marguerite Yourcenar
    Marguerite Yourcenar was a Belgian-born French novelist and essayist. Winner of the Prix Femina and the Erasmus Prize, she was the first woman elected to the Académie française, in 1980, and the seventeenth person to occupy Seat 3.-Biography:Yourcenar was born Marguerite Antoinette Jeanne Marie...

    , Belgian novelist (d. 1987)
  • June 18 - Raymond Radiguet
    Raymond Radiguet
    Raymond Radiguet was a French author whose two novels were noted for their explicit themes and writing style and tone.-Early life:...

    , French author (d. 1923)
  • July 10 - John Wyndham
    John Wyndham
    John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris was an English science fiction writer who usually used the pen name John Wyndham, although he also used other combinations of his names, such as John Beynon and Lucas Parkes...

    , British
    United Kingdom
    The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

     writer (d. 1969)
  • October 17 - Nathanael West
    Nathanael West
    Nathanael West was a US author, screenwriter and satirist.- Early life :...

    , US novelist and screenwriter (d. 1940)

Deaths

  • January 22 - Augustus Hare
    Augustus Hare
    Augustus John Cuthbert Hare was an English writer and raconteur.He was the youngest son of Francis George Hare of Herstmonceux, East Sussex, and Gresford, Flintshire, Wales, and nephew of Augustus William Hare and Julius Hare...

    , biographer and travel writer
  • February 8 - Ada Ellen Bayly
    Ada Ellen Bayly
    -Biography:Bayly was born in Brighton, the youngest of four children of a barrister. At an early age, she lost both her parents and she spent her youth with an uncle in Surrey and in a Brighton private school...

    , novelist
  • March 6 - Gaston Paris
    Gaston Paris
    Bruno Paulin Gaston Paris , known as Gaston Paris, was a French writer and scholar.He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901, 1902 and 1903.-Biography:Paris was born at Avenay...

    , literary critic and scholar
  • March 14 - Ernest Legouvé
    Ernest Legouvé
    Gabriel Jean Baptiste Ernest Wilfrid Legouvé was a French dramatist.-Biography:Son of the poet Gabriel-Marie Legouvé , he was born in Paris. His mother died in 1810, and almost immediately afterwards his father was removed to a lunatic asylum. The child, however, inherited a considerable fortune,...

    , dramatist
  • May 12 - Richard Henry Stoddard
    Richard Henry Stoddard
    Richard Henry Stoddard was an American critic and poet.-Biography:Richard Henry Stoddard was born on July 2, 1825, in Hingham, Massachusetts. His father, a sea-captain, was wrecked and lost on one of his voyages while Richard was a child, and the lad went in 1835 to New York City with his mother,...

    , critic and poet
  • May 25 - Max O'Rell
    Max O'Rell
    Max O'Rell was the pen name of Léon Paul Blouet , French author and journalist.He was born in Brittany. He served as a cavalry officer in the Franco-German War, was captured at Sedan, but was released in time to join the Versaillist army which overcame the Paris Commune, and was severely wounded...

    , journalist
  • April 29 - Paul du Chaillu
    Paul du Chaillu
    Paul Belloni du Chaillu was a French-American traveler and anthropologist. He became famous in the 1860s as the first modern outsider to confirm the existence of gorillas and the Pygmy people of central Africa. He later researched the prehistory of Scandinavia.-Early life:His date and place of...

    , travel writer
  • July 11 - William Henley
    William Ernest Henley
    William Ernest Henley was an English poet, critic and editor, best remembered for his 1875 poem "Invictus".-Life and career:...

    , British poet
  • September 1 - Charles Bernard Renouvier
    Charles Bernard Renouvier
    Charles Bernard Renouvier was a French philosopher.-Biography:Charles B. Renouvier was born in Montpellier and educated in Paris at the École Polytechnique. He took an early interest in politics...

    , philosopher
  • October 4 - Otto Weininger
    Otto Weininger
    Otto Weininger was an Austrian philosopher. In 1903, he published the book Geschlecht und Charakter , which gained popularity after his suicide at the age of 23...

    , philosopher
  • November 1 - Theodor Mommsen
    Theodor Mommsen
    Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician, archaeologist, and writer generally regarded as the greatest classicist of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research...

    , German classical scholar and historian
  • December 28 - George Gissing
    George Gissing
    George Robert Gissing was an English novelist who published twenty-three novels between 1880 and 1903. From his early naturalistic works, he developed into one of the most accomplished realists of the late-Victorian era.-Early life:...

    , British novelist

Awards

  • Goncourt Prize: John Antoine Nau
    John Antoine Nau
    John Antoine Nau , real name Eugène Léon Édouard Torquet, was a French poet and writer most famous for his novel Enemy Force, which won the first Prix Goncourt in 1903.-Life:...

     for Force ennemie
  • Nobel Prize for Literature: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
    Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
    Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson was a Norwegian writer and the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. Bjørnson is considered as one of The Four Greats Norwegian writers; the others being Henrik Ibsen, Jonas Lie, and Alexander Kielland...

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