14 regions of Medieval Rome
Encyclopedia
During the Middle Ages
, Rome
was divided into a number of administrative regions (Latin
, regiones), usually numbering between twelve and fourteen, which changed over time.
, after the death of Julius Nepos
in 480
AD, but especially in Italy after the fall of the Exarchate of Ravenna
in 751
AD, much of the old imperial administrative structures began to fall into abeyance. Originally the city of Rome had been divided by Augustus
into 14 regions in 7 B.C..
The division of the city according to the old civil or ecclesiastical regions appears to have fallen out of use in the confusion of the 10th century. Local variations seem to have sprung up that were adopted, used and then discarded as the years progressed.
The next major reform was after the revolution of 1143 and the establishment of the Commune of Rome
, as the city was redivided into 14 regions. There was a minor adjustment made in the 13th century, bringing the total number down to thirteen, and it wasn’t until 1586 that another region was created, once again bringing the total number up to fourteen, and Rome kept these administrative divisions intact until the 19th century.
Unlike the Augustan regions of Rome, the medieval regions were not numbered, and few had any relationship to the ancient Roman divisions. They are numbered here merely for convenience.
of Saint Andrew
known as Sant'Andrea de Biveretica, which was situated between the Basilica of the Apostles and the Column of Trajan, meaning it included at least part of the old seventh region, the Via Lata
. By the 12th century, its name had changed to Montium et Biberatice, before simply becoming Montium at the close of the fourteenth century. This change of name reflected the fact that the Esquiline
and the Viminal Hill
s, and parts of the Quirinal
and the Caelian Hill
s belonged to this rione during the Middle Ages
. Like many of the regions during the Middle Ages, the parts on top of the hills were abandoned, as the population sought to remain close to the Tiber River, and so only the part of the region that contained the eastern most part of the Campus Martius
was inhabited. The region also contained the Forum Romanum, and the Colosseum
, which during part of the Middle Ages had been fortified and for a time belonged to the area controlled by the Frangipani family
.
In the beginning of the 16th century this region included part of the district in the neighbourhood of Forum of Trajan, and by the nineteenth century, the region then referred to as Monti
had a boundary which passed between Trajan's Forum and the Basilica of the Apostles
.
, the old Seventh Region of Augustan Rome, while the Trivii described the three principal streets that led to the "piazza dei Crociferi", a square next to the modern Trevi square
. The importance of this location in Medieval Rome is that it was the main output for the Aqua Virgo
aquaduct, one of the few aqueducts which underwent frequent restoration works during the centuries. By its remaining active it enabled the region to survive well throughout the Middle Ages, although the change of its sources caused the water's properties (purity, taste, etc.) to become much worse than the original one, which was only restored during alteration works in 1562.
During the Middle Ages
, the higher reaches of the region (which included part of the Quirinal Hill
) were abandoned, as the people chose to inhabit the parts of the region closer to the Tiber River. Its name was transformed in modern times to become the region of Trevi
.
, or Antonine Column (late 2nd century AD), now standing in Piazza Colonna
and the Church of Santa Maria in Aquiro
. It also contains the remains of the Temple of Hadrian
, with its eleven columns also contributing to the name of the region. A prominent feature during the Middle Ages
was the Mons Acceptorius, a small artificial embankment created by the pre-roman inhabitants in order to drive stilts into the swampy ground, and build dry huts for housing. Prior to the 16th century, the region was never densely populated. It now forms part of the modern rione of Colonna.
and San Lorenzo in Lucina
.
. Unlike its modern counterpart, it included the area across the Tiber spanned by the Ponte Sant'Angelo
. This bridge was built by Emperor Hadrian
(and originally named after him Pons Aelius) in 134 AD to connect his mausoleum
to the rest of the city.
In ancient Rome
, the area belonged to the IX Augustan region
called Circus Flaminius, that was a part of the Campus Martius
. Nero
built another bridge, that was called Neronianus
or triumphalis because the Via Triumphalis, the Triumphal Way, passed over it: Starting with Titus
, the victorious Emperors celebrating their Triumph
s entered Rome marching through it.
Nero's bridge was also called Pons Vaticanus (meaning "Vatican Bridge" in Latin), because it connected the Ager Vaticanus to the left bank, later Pons ruptus ("broken bridge"), because it was already broken in the Middle Ages
.
Pope
Sixtus V eventually changed the rione limits so that the Ponte Sant'Angelo belonged to Borgo
.
and forms part of the modern rione of Sant'Eustachio
.
.
, and is part of the modern rione of Parione
.
by the sixteenth century. For many centuries this region has been reckoned as the ninth region, certainly parts of it, such as the Pantheon
were included in the ninth region of Augustan Rome.
From at least the sixteenth century, and possibly much earlier, this region has been centered around the Basilica of San Marco, Santa Maria sopra Minerva
and the Pantheon.
During the tenth century, this region was referred to as Regione Marcello (Region of Marcellus), meaning that this region was originally centred around the Theatre of Marcellus
which had been part of the ninth region of Imperial Rome (the Circus Flaminius)
By the twelfth century, its name had changed to indicate that it included parts of the city around the fish market, which had moved from the Forum Piscarium
, located near the Forum Romanum, into the ruins of the Porticus Octaviae
, though it still included the Theatre of Marcellus, which now housed the shops of smiths and coppersmith
s inside the arcades of the theater.
It also included the most important church of the rione, Sant'Angelo in Foro Piscium ("St. Angel in the Fish Market"). This church, erected in 770 AD inside the Propylea of the Portico of Octavia, had a great historical importance during the Middle Ages. From here, on the Whitsunday
of 1347, the Romans, led by Cola di Rienzo
, launched the assault on the Capitol, attempting to restore the Roman Republic
.
This region now forms part of the region of Sant'Angelo
.
, incorporating parts of today’s Via Marmorata, and forms part of the modern rione of Ripa
.
, and forms part of the modern rione of Campitelli
.
, these two regions were combined in the 13th century, bringing the total number of regions down to thirteen.
, Rome did not get a fourteenth region until 1586 when Sixtus V added the old Leonine City
as a new administrative division, under the name of Borgo
.
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
, Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
was divided into a number of administrative regions (Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
, regiones), usually numbering between twelve and fourteen, which changed over time.
Evolution of the Regions
With the collapse of Imperial authority in the Western Roman EmpireWestern Roman Empire
The Western Roman Empire was the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 285; the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire, commonly referred to today as the Byzantine Empire....
, after the death of Julius Nepos
Julius Nepos
Julius Nepos was Western Roman Emperor de facto from 474 to 475 and de jure until 480. Some historians consider him to be the last Western Roman Emperor, while others consider the western line to have ended with Romulus Augustulus in 476...
in 480
480
Year 480 was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Basilius without colleague...
AD, but especially in Italy after the fall of the Exarchate of Ravenna
Exarchate of Ravenna
The Exarchate of Ravenna or of Italy was a centre of Byzantine power in Italy, from the end of the 6th century to 751, when the last exarch was put to death by the Lombards.-Introduction:...
in 751
751
Year 751 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 751 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Europe :* Pepin the Short is elected as king of the...
AD, much of the old imperial administrative structures began to fall into abeyance. Originally the city of Rome had been divided by Augustus
Augustus
Augustus ;23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.The dates of his rule are contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian...
into 14 regions in 7 B.C..
The division of the city according to the old civil or ecclesiastical regions appears to have fallen out of use in the confusion of the 10th century. Local variations seem to have sprung up that were adopted, used and then discarded as the years progressed.
The next major reform was after the revolution of 1143 and the establishment of the Commune of Rome
Commune of Rome
The Commune of Rome was an attempt to establish a government like the old Roman Republic in opposition to the temporal power of the higher nobles and the popes beginning in 1144...
, as the city was redivided into 14 regions. There was a minor adjustment made in the 13th century, bringing the total number down to thirteen, and it wasn’t until 1586 that another region was created, once again bringing the total number up to fourteen, and Rome kept these administrative divisions intact until the 19th century.
List of the 14 regiones of 1143
I Montium et Biberatice
In the tenth century, there was a region that was called Biveretica, presumably named after the monasteryMonastery
Monastery denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of monastics, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in community or alone .Monasteries may vary greatly in size – a small dwelling accommodating only...
of Saint Andrew
Saint Andrew
Saint Andrew , called in the Orthodox tradition Prōtoklētos, or the First-called, is a Christian Apostle and the brother of Saint Peter. The name "Andrew" , like other Greek names, appears to have been common among the Jews from the 3rd or 2nd century BC. No Hebrew or Aramaic name is recorded for him...
known as Sant'Andrea de Biveretica, which was situated between the Basilica of the Apostles and the Column of Trajan, meaning it included at least part of the old seventh region, the Via Lata
Via Lata
Via Lata may mean one of two ancient Roman roads:*The Via Lata , now known as the Via del Corso, another name for the Via Flaminia once it has entered the city through the Porta del Popolo, in Rome....
. By the 12th century, its name had changed to Montium et Biberatice, before simply becoming Montium at the close of the fourteenth century. This change of name reflected the fact that the Esquiline
Esquiline Hill
The Esquiline Hill is one of the celebrated Seven Hills of Rome. Its southern-most cusp is the Oppius .-Etymology:The origin of the name Esquilino is still under much debate. One view is that the Hill was named after the abundance of holm-oaks, exculi, that resided there...
and the Viminal Hill
Viminal Hill
The Viminal Hill is the smallest of the famous seven hills of Rome. A finger-shape cusp pointing toward central Rome between the Quirinal Hill to the northwest and the Esquiline Hill to the southeast, it is home to the Teatro dell'Opera and the Termini Railway Station.At the top of Viminal Hill...
s, and parts of the Quirinal
Quirinal Hill
The Quirinal Hill is one of the Seven Hills of Rome, at the north-east of the city center. It is the location of the official residence of the Italian Head of State, who resides in the Quirinal Palace; by metonymy "the Quirinal" has come to stand for the Italian President.- History :It was...
and the Caelian Hill
Caelian Hill
The Caelian Hill is one of the famous Seven Hills of Rome. Under reign of Tullus Hostilius, the entire population of Alba Longa was forcibly resettled on the Caelian Hill...
s belonged to this rione during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
. Like many of the regions during the Middle Ages, the parts on top of the hills were abandoned, as the population sought to remain close to the Tiber River, and so only the part of the region that contained the eastern most part of the Campus Martius
Campus Martius
The Campus Martius , was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about in extent. In the Middle Ages, it was the most populous area of Rome...
was inhabited. The region also contained the Forum Romanum, and the Colosseum
Colosseum
The Colosseum, or the Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre , is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire...
, which during part of the Middle Ages had been fortified and for a time belonged to the area controlled by the Frangipani family
Frangipani family
The Frangipani or Frangipane is a princely family with roots in Ancient Rome. The family was powerful as a Roman patrician clan in the Middle Ages. The family was typically Guelff in sympathy and thus often bravely supported the papacy...
.
In the beginning of the 16th century this region included part of the district in the neighbourhood of Forum of Trajan, and by the nineteenth century, the region then referred to as Monti
Monti (rione of Rome)
Monti is the name of one of the twelve Rioni of Rome, rione I. The name literally means mountains in Italian and comes from the fact that the Esquiline and the Viminal Hills, and parts of the Quirinal and the Caelian Hills belonged to this rione...
had a boundary which passed between Trajan's Forum and the Basilica of the Apostles
Santi Apostoli
The Church of the Twelve Holy Apostles is a 6th century Roman Catholic parish and titular church and minor basilica in Rome, Italy, dedicated originally to St. James and St. Philip and later to all Apostles...
.
II Trivii et Vie Late
A region that is believed took its name from absorbing part of the Via LataVia Lata
Via Lata may mean one of two ancient Roman roads:*The Via Lata , now known as the Via del Corso, another name for the Via Flaminia once it has entered the city through the Porta del Popolo, in Rome....
, the old Seventh Region of Augustan Rome, while the Trivii described the three principal streets that led to the "piazza dei Crociferi", a square next to the modern Trevi square
Trevi Fountain
The Trevi Fountain is a fountain in the Trevi rione in Rome, Italy. Standing 26 metres high and 20 metres wide, it is the largest Baroque fountain in the city and one of the most famous fountains in the world....
. The importance of this location in Medieval Rome is that it was the main output for the Aqua Virgo
Aqua Virgo
The Aqua Virgo was one of the 11 aqueducts that supplied the city of ancient Rome. The aqueduct fell into disuse with the fall of the Roman Empire, but was fully restored nearly a whole millennium later during the Renaissance to take its current form as the Acqua Vergine.The Aqua Virgo was...
aquaduct, one of the few aqueducts which underwent frequent restoration works during the centuries. By its remaining active it enabled the region to survive well throughout the Middle Ages, although the change of its sources caused the water's properties (purity, taste, etc.) to become much worse than the original one, which was only restored during alteration works in 1562.
During the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
, the higher reaches of the region (which included part of the Quirinal Hill
Quirinal Hill
The Quirinal Hill is one of the Seven Hills of Rome, at the north-east of the city center. It is the location of the official residence of the Italian Head of State, who resides in the Quirinal Palace; by metonymy "the Quirinal" has come to stand for the Italian President.- History :It was...
) were abandoned, as the people chose to inhabit the parts of the region closer to the Tiber River. Its name was transformed in modern times to become the region of Trevi
Trevi (rione of Rome)
Trevi is the rione II of Rome. The origin of its name is not clear,but the most accepted possibility is that it comes from the Latin trivium, because there were three streets all leading to "piazza dei Crociferi",...
.
III Columpne et S. Marie in Aquiro
This region included parts of the city situated around its most prominent features, the Column of Marcus AureliusColumn of Marcus Aurelius
The Column of Marcus Aurelius is a Roman victory column in Piazza Colonna, Rome, Italy. It is a Doric column featuring a spiral relief: it was built in honour of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius and modeled on Trajan's Column.- Construction :...
, or Antonine Column (late 2nd century AD), now standing in Piazza Colonna
Piazza Colonna
Piazza Colonna is a piazza at the center of the Rione of Colonna in the historic heart of Rome, Italy. It is named for the marble Column of Marcus Aurelius which has stood there since 193 CE. The bronze statue of Saint Paul that crowns the column was placed in 1589, by order of Pope Sixtus V...
and the Church of Santa Maria in Aquiro
Santa Maria in Aquiro
Santa Maria in Aquiro is a church in Rome, Italy. It is dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus, and is located on Piazza Capranica.The church is ancient – it was restored by Pope Gregory III in the VIII century, and thus must have existed before then. One theory is that it was the titulus Equitii,...
. It also contains the remains of the Temple of Hadrian
Temple of Hadrian
The Temple of Hadrian is a temple to the deified Hadrian on the Campus Martius in Rome, Italy, built by his adoptive son and successor Antoninus Pius in 145 and now incorporated into a later building in the Piazza di Pietra...
, with its eleven columns also contributing to the name of the region. A prominent feature during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
was the Mons Acceptorius, a small artificial embankment created by the pre-roman inhabitants in order to drive stilts into the swampy ground, and build dry huts for housing. Prior to the 16th century, the region was never densely populated. It now forms part of the modern rione of Colonna.
IV Campi Martis et S. Laurentii in Lucina
Included the parts of Rome around the Campo MarzioCampo Marzio
Campo Marzio, is the IV rione of Rome, which covers a smaller section of the area of the ancient Campus Martius. The logo of today's rione is a silver crescent on a blue background.-External links:*...
and San Lorenzo in Lucina
San Lorenzo in Lucina
The Church of St Lawrence's at Lucina is a Roman Catholic parish and titular church and minor basilica in Rome, Italy, dedicated to Saint Lawrence, Roman deacon and martyr. The name Lucina comes from the Roman matron owner of the house on which the church was built.The current Cardinal Priest of...
.
V Pontis et Scorteclariorum
Included the parts of Rome around PontePonte (rione of Rome)
Ponte is the fifth rione of Rome. Its name comes from Ponte Sant'Angelo, which connects Ponte with the rione of Borgo. This bridge was built by Emperor Hadrian in 134 AD to connect his mausoleum to the rest of the city...
. Unlike its modern counterpart, it included the area across the Tiber spanned by the Ponte Sant'Angelo
Ponte Sant'Angelo
Ponte Sant'Angelo, once the Aelian Bridge or Pons Aelius, meaning the Bridge of Hadrian, is a Roman bridge in Rome, Italy, completed in 134 AD by Roman Emperor Hadrian, to span the Tiber, from the city center to his newly constructed mausoleum, now the towering Castel Sant'Angelo...
. This bridge was built by Emperor Hadrian
Hadrian
Hadrian , was Roman Emperor from 117 to 138. He is best known for building Hadrian's Wall, which marked the northern limit of Roman Britain. In Rome, he re-built the Pantheon and constructed the Temple of Venus and Roma. In addition to being emperor, Hadrian was a humanist and was philhellene in...
(and originally named after him Pons Aelius) in 134 AD to connect his mausoleum
Castel Sant'Angelo
The Mausoleum of Hadrian, usually known as the Castel Sant'Angelo, is a towering cylindrical building in Parco Adriano, Rome, Italy. It was initially commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his family...
to the rest of the city.
In ancient Rome
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
, the area belonged to the IX Augustan region
14 regions of the Augustan Rome
In 7 BC, Augustus divided the city of Rome into 14 administrative regions . These replaced the four regiones or "quarters" traditionally attributed to Servius Tullius, sixth King of Rome. They were further divided into official neighborhoods ...
called Circus Flaminius, that was a part of the Campus Martius
Campus Martius
The Campus Martius , was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about in extent. In the Middle Ages, it was the most populous area of Rome...
. Nero
Nero
Nero , was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, and succeeded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death....
built another bridge, that was called Neronianus
Pons Neronianus
The Pons Neronianus or Bridge of Nero was an ancient bridge in Rome built during the reign of the emperors Caligula or Nero to connect the western part of the Campus Martius with the Campus Vaticanus , where the Imperial Family owned land along the Via Cornelia.- History :There is no direct...
or triumphalis because the Via Triumphalis, the Triumphal Way, passed over it: Starting with Titus
Titus
Titus , was Roman Emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death, thus becoming the first Roman Emperor to come to the throne after his own father....
, the victorious Emperors celebrating their Triumph
Roman triumph
The Roman triumph was a civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publicly celebrate and sanctify the military achievement of an army commander who had won great military successes, or originally and traditionally, one who had successfully completed a foreign war. In Republican...
s entered Rome marching through it.
Nero's bridge was also called Pons Vaticanus (meaning "Vatican Bridge" in Latin), because it connected the Ager Vaticanus to the left bank, later Pons ruptus ("broken bridge"), because it was already broken in the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
.
Pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
Sixtus V eventually changed the rione limits so that the Ponte Sant'Angelo belonged to Borgo
Borgo (rione of Rome)
Borgo , is the 14th historic district of Rome, Italy. It lies on the west bank of the Tiber, and has a trapezoidal shape. Its coat of arms shows a lion , lying in front of three mounts and a star...
.
VI S. Eustachii et Vinea Teudemarii
Included the parts of Rome around the church of Sant'EustachioSant'Eustachio
Sant'Eustachio is a Roman Catholic titular church in Rome, named for the martyr Saint Eustace.-History:The church was founded in the 8th century, or possibly even earlier . The church was recorded as a diaconia at the end of the pontificate of Pope Gregory II...
and forms part of the modern rione of Sant'Eustachio
Sant'Eustachio (rione of Rome)
Sant'Eustachio is the VIII rione of Rome. Its logo is made of the head of a deer and of the bust of Jesus: the figures are golden on a red background.-External links:*...
.
VII Arenule et Caccabariorum
Included parts of the city around RegolaRegola (rione of Rome)
Regola is the VII rione of Rome. The name comes from Arenula, that was the name of the soft sand that the river Tiber left after the floods, and that built strands on the left bank...
.
VIII Parionis et S. Laurentii in Damaso
Included parts of the city around San Lorenzo in DamasoSan Lorenzo in Damaso
San Lorenzo in Damaso is a basilica church in Rome, Italy, one of several dedicated to the Roman deacon and martyr Saint Lawrence...
, and is part of the modern rione of Parione
Parione
For the isopod genus in the family Bopyridae, see Parione Parione is the VI rione of Rome.Its name comes from the fact that in the area there was a huge ancient wall, maybe belonging to the stadium of Domitianus; the nickname people gave to this wall was Parietone , from which the name "Parione"...
.
IX Pinee et S. Marci
At the beginning of the tenth century, this region was referred to as Pina before transforming into Pinee et S. Marci by the twelfth century, and finally into PignaPigna (rione of Rome)
Pigna is the name of rione IX of Rome. The name means "pine cone" in Italian, and the symbol for the rione is the colossal bronze pine cone, the Pigna, which decorated a fountain in Ancient Rome next to a vast Temple of Isis. There water flowed copiously from the top of the pinecone. The Pigna...
by the sixteenth century. For many centuries this region has been reckoned as the ninth region, certainly parts of it, such as the Pantheon
Pantheon, Rome
The Pantheon ,Rarely Pantheum. This appears in Pliny's Natural History in describing this edifice: Agrippae Pantheum decoravit Diogenes Atheniensis; in columnis templi eius Caryatides probantur inter pauca operum, sicut in fastigio posita signa, sed propter altitudinem loci minus celebrata.from ,...
were included in the ninth region of Augustan Rome.
From at least the sixteenth century, and possibly much earlier, this region has been centered around the Basilica of San Marco, Santa Maria sopra Minerva
Santa Maria sopra Minerva
The Basilica of Saint Mary Above Minerva is a titular minor basilica and one of the most important churches of the Roman Catholic Dominican order in Rome, Italy. The church, located in the Piazza della Minerva in the Campus Martius region, is considered the only Gothic church in Rome. It houses...
and the Pantheon.
X S. Angeli in Foro Piscium
Theatre of Marcellus
The Theatre of Marcellus is an ancient open-air theatre in Rome, Italy, built in the closing years of the Roman Republic. At the theatre, locals and visitors alike were able to watch performances of drama and song. Today its ancient edifice in the rione of Sant'Angelo, Rome, once again provides...
which had been part of the ninth region of Imperial Rome (the Circus Flaminius)
By the twelfth century, its name had changed to indicate that it included parts of the city around the fish market, which had moved from the Forum Piscarium
Forum Piscarium
The Forum Piscarium was the fish forum venalium of ancient Rome, north of the Roman Forum, between the Sacra Via and the Argiletum. It was burned in 210 BC and rebuilt the next year. In 179 it was incorporated in the general Macellum, built by Marcus Fulvius Nobilior in the same region.This forum...
, located near the Forum Romanum, into the ruins of the Porticus Octaviae
Porticus Octaviae
The Porticus Octaviae is an ancient structure in Rome.Built by Augustus in the name of his sister, Octavia Minor, at some time after 27 BC, in place of the Porticus Metelli, the porticus enclosed within its colonnaded walks the temples of Jupiter Stator and Juno Regina, next to the Theater of...
, though it still included the Theatre of Marcellus, which now housed the shops of smiths and coppersmith
Coppersmith
A coppersmith, also known as a redsmith, is a person who makes artifacts from copper. The term redsmith comes from the colour of copper....
s inside the arcades of the theater.
It also included the most important church of the rione, Sant'Angelo in Foro Piscium ("St. Angel in the Fish Market"). This church, erected in 770 AD inside the Propylea of the Portico of Octavia, had a great historical importance during the Middle Ages. From here, on the Whitsunday
Whitsunday
Whitsunday may be:Days:* The Sunday of the feast of Whitsun or Pentecost in the Christian liturgical year, observed 7 weeks after Easter* One of the Scottish quarter days, always falling on 15 MayPlaces:* The Electoral district of Whitsunday...
of 1347, the Romans, led by Cola di Rienzo
Cola di Rienzo
Cola di Rienzo was an Italian medieval politician and popular leader, tribune of the Roman people in the mid-14th century.-Early career:Cola was born in Rome of humble origins...
, launched the assault on the Capitol, attempting to restore the Roman Republic
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic was the period of the ancient Roman civilization where the government operated as a republic. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 508 BC, and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and...
.
This region now forms part of the region of Sant'Angelo
Sant'Angelo (rione of Rome)
Sant'Angelo is the eleventh historic district or rione of Rome, often written as rione XI - Sant'Angelo. Its coat of arms is an angel on a red background, holding a palm branch in its left hand. In another version, the angel holds a sword in its right hand and a scale in its left.Sant'Angelo, the...
.
XI Ripe et Marmorate
Includes part of the city that bounded on the old Port of Rome, the Marmorata constructed after the Second Punic WarSecond Punic War
The Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War and The War Against Hannibal, lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean. This was the second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic, with the participation of the Berbers on...
, incorporating parts of today’s Via Marmorata, and forms part of the modern rione of Ripa
Ripa (rione of Rome)
Ripa is the XII rione of Rome. The logo is a white rudder on a red background, to remind the port of Ripa Grande, placed in Trastevere, but facing the rione.-External links:*...
.
XII Campitelli et S. Adriani
During the tenth century, this region was referred to as the Clivus Argentarii, and it contained the streets that now connect the Corso with the Forum Romanum (the old Via di Marforio). It includes parts of the city around the Piazza di Campitelli, near Santa Maria in CampitelliSanta Maria in Campitelli
Santa Maria in Campitelli or Santa Maria in Portico is a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary on the Piazza di Campitelli, Rome, Italy....
, and forms part of the modern rione of Campitelli
Campitelli
Campitelli is the X rione of Rome. In the logo there is the black head of a dragon on a white background. This symbol comes from the legend that Pope Silvester I threw out a dragon staying in the Forum Romanum.-External links:*...
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XIII Trastevere
Originally a separate region in 1143 from the Tiber IslandTiber Island
The Tiber Island , is a boat-shaped island which has long been associated with healing. It is an ait, and is one of the two islands in the Tiber river, which runs through Rome; the other one, much larger, is near the mouth. The island is located in the southern bend of the Tiber. It is...
, these two regions were combined in the 13th century, bringing the total number of regions down to thirteen.
XIV Insula Tiberina
The Tiber Island, after its amalgamation with the region of TrastevereTrastevere
Trastevere is rione XIII of Rome, on the west bank of the Tiber, south of Vatican City. Its name comes from the Latin trans Tiberim, meaning literally "beyond the Tiber". The correct pronunciation is "tras-TEH-ve-ray", with the accent on the second syllable. Its logo is a golden head of a lion on a...
, Rome did not get a fourteenth region until 1586 when Sixtus V added the old Leonine City
Leonine City
The Leonine City is that part of the city of Rome around which the ninth-century Pope Leo IV commissioned the construction of the Leonine Wall. It is on the opposite side of the Tiber from the seven hills of Rome and was not enclosed within the ancient city's Aurelian Walls, built between 271 and...
as a new administrative division, under the name of Borgo
Borgo (rione of Rome)
Borgo , is the 14th historic district of Rome, Italy. It lies on the west bank of the Tiber, and has a trapezoidal shape. Its coat of arms shows a lion , lying in front of three mounts and a star...
.