Zonguldak Province
Encyclopedia
Zonguldak Province is a province
along the western Black Sea
coast region of Turkey
. The province is 3.481 km² in size and has a population of 619,703 Its adjacent provinces are Düzce
to the southwest, Bolu
to the south, Karabük
to the southeast, and Bartın
to the east. The capital is Zonguldak
.
Since the discovery of coal in the province, Zonguldak has become a major coal
production center.
(capital district in bold):
Address: Atatürk Kültür Sitesi Ereğli - Zonguldak
Tel: (372) 312 03 62
Open Daily except Mondays: 08:00 - 16:30
ns. Ereğli was an important commercial wharf (emperion), which takes its name from the famous mythic hero, Hercules
(Heracles). The city preserved its importance during the Roman
, Byzantine
, Seljuk, and Ottoman Empire
periods. Important historical ruins
in the region include the Acheron Valley ruins, in which the Cehennem Ağzı caverns are located, along with Hellenic
, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman ruins, Ereğli Castle, Heracles Palace, Çeştepe Lighthouse tower, Byzantine water cisterns, Krispos mausoleum, Byzantine church and Halil Paşa Mansion.
Many natural and sandy beaches may be found along a fifty mile (80 km) stretch of the coast. Beginning from the east, these beaches include: Sazköy, Filyos, Türkali, Göbü, Hisararkası, Uzunkum, Tersane, Kapuz, Karakum, Değirmenağzı, Ilıksu, Kireçlik, Armutçuk, Black Sea Ereğli, Mevreke, Alaplı and Kocaman.
borough and Çobanoğlu Pond (18 ha.) at Karapınar borough.
The most important waterfalls of the city are: Harmankaya at Center Kokaksu site, Değirmenağzı at Kozlu borough and Güneşli waterfalls at Ereğli, and their environs are also used for trekking.
, Kızılelma, İnağzı and Cumayanı are the notable cave
rns.
, and its extraction to Sultan Abdülmecid
's reign.
The first specimen of Turkish coal was brought from Ereğli to Istanbul in 1822, but nothing was done for exploration and exploitation of this coal. However, in 1829, another specimen of coal was brought to Istanbul by Uzun (Long) Mehmet, a sailor and native of the village of Kestaneci, near Ereğli. This time attention was given to the discovery and the sailor received a reward of a life pension, but before he could benefit from this reward he was murdered.
The first miners requested and delivered from the Austrian Government are the Austrian Croats known to have been employes in the Ereğli Coal Mines. The correspondence between Istanbul and the embassy in Vienna show that coal production in the Ereğli Basin predates the March 1837 request by 18 months and that production started around September 1835.
An investigation of Hazine-i Hassa (Ottoman Imperial Treasury Department) records in the
Ottoman archives shows that regular mining activities in the Ereğli Basin started in February 1841. This is confirmed by a newspaper article published in the 14 February 1841 issue of Ceride-i Havadis.
Ereğli Coal Company, chartered by six partners (Ahmed Fethi Pasha, Rıza Pasha, Safveti Pasha, Tahir Bey Efendi, Izzet Pasha and Mustafa Efendi), excavated the coal in the Ereğli Coal
Basin, initially under the auspices of Darphane-i Amire and later transferred to Hazine-i Hassa when the latter was established in 1849.
In 1851, the Company’s production fields are mentioned in the accounting records as "coal mines
administered by the Company under the irade-i seniyye in Ereğli, Amasra and various places". "Various places" mentioned in the records are not known for sure. Records of the
period after the Sultan’s participation in the firm mention "coal mines administered by the Company in Bezekli, Amasra, Karaburun areas and various places".
(The name Zonguldak did not yet exist in 1851.)
After 1865, one of these "various places" is named as Zone-Goul-Dagh or Zon-Goul-Dak, with mixed Turkish-French pronunciation.
References on internet document of http://www.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/ web site:
Zone-Goul-Dagh was born as a port town of east Ereğli Coal Mines.
Its name was probably given by miners/administrators who speak French. (Société d'Héraclée !?)
(Probably, the first name of the town was "Sea Port of Zone-Goul-Dagh"... Because, Goul mountain is about 2-3 kilometers far from sea side...)
Coal washing/treatment plants: Zonguldak and Çatalağzı Coal Treatment Plants.
Coal transport (delivery and import)
Thermic power plants: Çatalağzı Thermoelectric Power Plant units (use coal powder), in Işıkveren ward.
Iron-steel plants: Ereğli (Erdemir
) Iron and Steel Works, Karabük (Kardemir
, Karabük province) Iron and Steel Works.
Average heat capacity of Zonguldak coals: 7000 kcal/kg.
Provinces of Turkey
Turkey is divided into 81 provinces, called il in Turkish .A province is administered by an appointed governor , and was formerly termed a "governorate" ....
along the western Black Sea
Black Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
coast region of Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. The province is 3.481 km² in size and has a population of 619,703 Its adjacent provinces are Düzce
Düzce Province
Düzce Province is a province in northwestern Turkey. It is on the coastline of the Black Sea and is traversed by the main highway between Istanbul and Ankara. The main town is Düzce...
to the southwest, Bolu
Bolu Province
Bolu Province is a province in north western in the Black Sea region of Turkey, midpoint between the large cities of Istanbul and Ankara. It covers an area of 7,410 km², and the population is 271,208....
to the south, Karabük
Karabük Province
Karabük Province is a province in northern central Turkey with a total population of 227,610 .The main city is Karabük which is located about 200 km north of Ankara and about 100 km south of the Black Sea coast...
to the southeast, and Bartın
Bartin Province
Bartın Province is a small province in northern Turkey on the Black Sea, surrounding the city of Bartın. It is to the east from Zonguldak Province.The town of Bartın contains a number of very old wooden houses which are no longer extant in other places....
to the east. The capital is Zonguldak
Zonguldak
Zonguldak is a city and the capital of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Its population, according to the 2009 census, was 108,792. It is an important port on the Black Sea because of the coal mining in Zonguldak Province...
.
Since the discovery of coal in the province, Zonguldak has become a major coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
production center.
Districts
Zonguldak province is divided into 6 districtsDistricts of Turkey
The 81 provinces of Turkey are divided into 957 districts . In the early Turkish Republic and in the Ottoman Empire, the corresponding unit was the kaza....
(capital district in bold):
- AlaplıAlapliAlaplı is a town and district of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the westernmost town in Zonguldak Province and is located about 15 km south of Karadeniz Ereğli.It has 2 municipalities, one is the centre and the other is named as "Gumeli". The mayor is Nevzat...
- ÇaycumaÇaycumaÇaycuma is a town and district of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Mithat Gülşen . The population of Çaycuma is 115,000, but the centre population is 21,300. Çaycuma is well known for yogurt in Zonguldak and Turkey. Most people in Çaycuma work at oyka....
- DevrekDevrekDevrek is a town and district of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It was founded under the name Hamidiye to be affiliated with the sanjak of Bolu. Devrek was incorporated into the Zonguldak Province on May 14, 1920...
- EreğliKaradeniz EregliKaradeniz Ereğli is a city and district in Zonguldak Province of Turkey, on the Black Sea shore at the mouth of the Kılıçsu River. Population is 98 545 as of 2009. The mayor is Halil Posbıyık .-Facts:...
(Heraclea PonticaHeraclea PonticaHeraclea Pontica , an ancient city on the coast of Bithynia in Asia Minor, at the mouth of the river Lycus. It was founded by the Greek city-state of Megara c.560-558 and was named after Heracles who the Greeks believed entered the underworld at a cave on the adjoining Archerusian promontory .The...
) - GökçebeyGökçebeyGökçebey is an attractive, forested district of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Former name of her was Tefen until 1963. She had a township in Devrek district until 1990 and has a municipality since 1972. Ankara-Zonguldak railway passes from her. The mayor is Mehmet Zeki...
- ZonguldakZonguldakZonguldak is a city and the capital of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Its population, according to the 2009 census, was 108,792. It is an important port on the Black Sea because of the coal mining in Zonguldak Province...
Sites of interest
Ilıksu, Kapuz, Göbü beaches, National Sovereignty Forest, Lake (Göl) Mountain, Plateau, Kocaman, Bostanözü, Çamlık, Baklabostan and Gürleyik forest recreation areas, Cumayanı, Kızılelma, Mencilis caves.Museums
Ereğli MuseumAddress: Atatürk Kültür Sitesi Ereğli - Zonguldak
Tel: (372) 312 03 62
Open Daily except Mondays: 08:00 - 16:30
Ereğli
Ereğli was founded during the 6th century B.C. by the Mariandynians, who were the successors of the PhrygiaPhrygia
In antiquity, Phrygia was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. The Phrygians initially lived in the southern Balkans; according to Herodotus, under the name of Bryges , changing it to Phruges after their final migration to Anatolia, via the...
ns. Ereğli was an important commercial wharf (emperion), which takes its name from the famous mythic hero, Hercules
Hercules
Hercules is the Roman name for Greek demigod Heracles, son of Zeus , and the mortal Alcmene...
(Heracles). The city preserved its importance during the Roman
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, Byzantine
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
, Seljuk, and Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
periods. Important historical ruins
Ruins
Ruins are the remains of human-made architecture: structures that were once complete, as time went by, have fallen into a state of partial or complete disrepair, due to lack of maintenance or deliberate acts of destruction...
in the region include the Acheron Valley ruins, in which the Cehennem Ağzı caverns are located, along with Hellenic
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman ruins, Ereğli Castle, Heracles Palace, Çeştepe Lighthouse tower, Byzantine water cisterns, Krispos mausoleum, Byzantine church and Halil Paşa Mansion.
Beaches
Promenade
The boroughs of the city are used as daily recreation areas for leisurely hikes by regional residents. Boroughs are artificial lakes intended to provide drinking water or serve other industrial purposes. These boroughs are: Ulutan Dam Lake at the center, Kızılcapınar Dam Lake, and Gülüç Dam Lake in Ereğli, Dereköy Pond at ÇatalağzıÇatalağzı
-Geography:The town is a part of the central district of Zonguldak. At it is about east of Zonguldak. The town is situted in a valley which runs parallel to Black Sea coast...
borough and Çobanoğlu Pond (18 ha.) at Karapınar borough.
The most important waterfalls of the city are: Harmankaya at Center Kokaksu site, Değirmenağzı at Kozlu borough and Güneşli waterfalls at Ereğli, and their environs are also used for trekking.
Caves
Cehennemağzı, GökgölGökgöl Cave
- Geography :The cave is close to the city of Zonguldak where the bird's flight distance to the city is about . The mouth of the cave is at the roadside of Turkish state road , at about with an altitude of .- History :...
, Kızılelma, İnağzı and Cumayanı are the notable cave
Cave
A cave or cavern is a natural underground space large enough for a human to enter. The term applies to natural cavities some part of which is in total darkness. The word cave also includes smaller spaces like rock shelters, sea caves, and grottos.Speleology is the science of exploration and study...
rns.
Local Days of Celebration
- April 3 - Anniversary of Ground Breaking for Iron and Steel Works Karabük
- June 4–11 - International Black Sea Ereğli Ottoman Strawberry Culture Festival
- June 11–13 - Festivals: Black Sea Ereğli Culture and StrawberryStrawberryFragaria is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits. Although it is commonly thought that strawberries get their name from straw being used as a mulch in cultivating the plants, the etymology of the word is uncertain. There...
Festival - June 21 - Commemoration day for Uzun Mehmet Zonguldak
- June 21–26 - Zonguldak Black Diamond Black Sea International
- July 1 - Maritime Day Ereğli
- July 1 - Cabotage Celebrations
- July 1–31 - International Youths Interchange Program
- July 8–9 - Walking Stick Festival Devrek
- August 26 - Visiting of Atatürk - Commemoration Day
- September 3–9 - 16th Traditional Wrestling
- September 3–9 - Alaplı HazelnutHazelnutA hazelnut is the nut of the hazel and is also known as a cob nut or filbert nut according to species. A cob is roughly spherical to oval, about 15–25 mm long and 10–15 mm in diameter, with an outer fibrous husk surrounding a smooth shell. A filbert is more elongated, being about twice...
, Culture, Art and Sports Festival - November 8 - Commemoration for Uzun Mehmet and Coal Celebrations Ereğli
- December 4–9 - World Miners'MiningMining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock...
Day - Çaycuma Yogurt Culture & Art Festival Çaycuma
Festivities
- June 18 - Freedom from Occupation Days: Freedom Day - Ereğli
- June 18–24 - Music Feast
- June 21 - Freedom Day
- July 5–7 - Traditional Yenice Wrestling Competitions (Yağlı and Karakucak) Yenice
- July 16–22 - Devrek Walking Stick and Culture Festival
- July 23–29 - Circumcision Feast
- August 26 - Arrival of Atatürk at Zonguldak
- August 31 - September 1 - Traditional WrestlingWrestlingWrestling is a form of grappling type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. A wrestling bout is a physical competition, between two competitors or sparring partners, who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position...
Festivities Alaplı - September 3–9 - Circumcision Feast
History
The discovery of coal in the Ereğli (Heraclea) region dates back to the reign of Sultan Mahmud IIMahmud II
Mahmud II was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. He was born in the Topkapi Palace, Istanbul, the son of Sultan Abdulhamid I...
, and its extraction to Sultan Abdülmecid
Abdülmecid I
Sultan Abdülmecid I, Abdul Mejid I, Abd-ul-Mejid I or Abd Al-Majid I Ghazi was the 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on July 2, 1839. His reign was notable for the rise of nationalist movements within the empire's territories...
's reign.
The first specimen of Turkish coal was brought from Ereğli to Istanbul in 1822, but nothing was done for exploration and exploitation of this coal. However, in 1829, another specimen of coal was brought to Istanbul by Uzun (Long) Mehmet, a sailor and native of the village of Kestaneci, near Ereğli. This time attention was given to the discovery and the sailor received a reward of a life pension, but before he could benefit from this reward he was murdered.
The first miners requested and delivered from the Austrian Government are the Austrian Croats known to have been employes in the Ereğli Coal Mines. The correspondence between Istanbul and the embassy in Vienna show that coal production in the Ereğli Basin predates the March 1837 request by 18 months and that production started around September 1835.
An investigation of Hazine-i Hassa (Ottoman Imperial Treasury Department) records in the
Ottoman archives shows that regular mining activities in the Ereğli Basin started in February 1841. This is confirmed by a newspaper article published in the 14 February 1841 issue of Ceride-i Havadis.
Ereğli Coal Company, chartered by six partners (Ahmed Fethi Pasha, Rıza Pasha, Safveti Pasha, Tahir Bey Efendi, Izzet Pasha and Mustafa Efendi), excavated the coal in the Ereğli Coal
Basin, initially under the auspices of Darphane-i Amire and later transferred to Hazine-i Hassa when the latter was established in 1849.
Timeline of the administration of the Ereğli coal mines after 1845
- 1848-1854 Administration by Hazine-i Hassa
- 1849-1854 English (and Galata goldsmiths) Coal Company’s Management
- 1854-1856 Temporary administration by the English during the Crimean warCrimean WarThe Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining...
- 1856-1861 Administration by Hazine-i Hassa
- 1856-1859 Operated by Trust Administration
- 1859-1860 Operated by Zafiropulos
- 1860-1861 Operated by the English Coal Company
- 1861-1865 Administration by Hazine-i Hassa
- 1865-1908 Administered by the Ministry of Navy
- 1865-1882 Operated by Shipbuilding Administration
- 1882-1940 Operated by local and foreign capital companies
- 1908-1909 Administered by Nafia Nezareti (Ministry of Public Works)
- 1909-1920 Administered by the Ministry of Forestry, Agriculture and Mineral Trade
- 1914-1922 Period of World War I and the National Liberation War
- 1920-1940 Administered by the Ministry of Economics
- 1926-1940 Operated by Türkiye İş BankasıTürkiye Is BankasiTürkiye İş Bankası is Turkey's first public bank and premiere national financial institution, ranked 102nd in the “Top 1000 World Banks” survey of Financial Times' The Banker and 371st in the Forbes Global 2000 lists as of 2008, with a Gross Profit for the Year 2006 TRY 2,540 million and USD 6.8...
(Ankara) - 1937-1940 Operated by ETIBANK (Ankara) and EKI
- 1940-1957 Administered by ETIBANK and EKI (Ereğli Komurleri Isletmesi - Zonguldak)
- 1957-1984 Administered by TKI (Ankara)
- 1984–present Administered by TTK (Turkiye Taşkomuru Kurumu - Zonguldak)
In 1851, the Company’s production fields are mentioned in the accounting records as "coal mines
administered by the Company under the irade-i seniyye in Ereğli, Amasra and various places". "Various places" mentioned in the records are not known for sure. Records of the
period after the Sultan’s participation in the firm mention "coal mines administered by the Company in Bezekli, Amasra, Karaburun areas and various places".
(The name Zonguldak did not yet exist in 1851.)
After 1865, one of these "various places" is named as Zone-Goul-Dagh or Zon-Goul-Dak, with mixed Turkish-French pronunciation.
References on internet document of http://www.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/ web site:
- Ports des mines d'Héraclée (19)
- 89 AQ 1703 Documentation et correspondence sur la construction du port de Zongouldak (20). 1893-1896
- 89 AQ 1704 Etudes et projets des ports de Zongouldak et de Koslou par A. Guérard. 1891-1897
- 89 AQ 1705 Projet du port de Zongouldak. 1897
- 89 AQ 1706 Projet du port de Zongouldak. 1897-1898
- 89 AQ 1707 Projet du port de Zongouldak. 1898-1899
- 89 AQ 1708 Arbitrage entre la Société des ports d'Héraclée et la Compagnie de Fives-Lille (21). 1898
Zone-Goul-Dagh was born as a port town of east Ereğli Coal Mines.
Its name was probably given by miners/administrators who speak French. (Société d'Héraclée !?)
(Probably, the first name of the town was "Sea Port of Zone-Goul-Dagh"... Because, Goul mountain is about 2-3 kilometers far from sea side...)
Coal mining today
Current coal mining/extraction zones of Zonguldak province/region:- Armutçuk (Ereğli), Kozlu (Kozlu), Üzülmez (Zonguldak), Çaydamar (Zonguldak), Baştarla (Zonguldak), Kilimli (Kilimli), Karadon (Kilimli-Çatalağzı), Gelik (Çatalağzı), Amasra (Amasra, Bartın Province)
Coal washing/treatment plants: Zonguldak and Çatalağzı Coal Treatment Plants.
Coal transport (delivery and import)
- Ports: Zonguldak Sea Port (transport to Ereğli and Istanbul direction), Amasra Port, Ereğli Port
- Other usable port for mine transport: Bartın Port (coal, cement etc.)
- Railway: Zonguldak-Ankara Railway (transport to Karabük and Ankara direction)
Thermic power plants: Çatalağzı Thermoelectric Power Plant units (use coal powder), in Işıkveren ward.
Iron-steel plants: Ereğli (Erdemir
Erdemir
Erdemir is a Turkish steel producer. The name is a contraction of the Turkish language Ereğli Demir ve Çelik Fabrikaları, which means "Ereğli Iron and Steel Factories".-Erdemir in brief:...
) Iron and Steel Works, Karabük (Kardemir
Kardemir
Kardemir is a Turkish steel producer. The name is a contraction of the Turkish language Karabük Demir Çelik Fabrikaları, which means "Karabük Iron and Steel Works".-Kardemir in brief:...
, Karabük province) Iron and Steel Works.
Average heat capacity of Zonguldak coals: 7000 kcal/kg.
Mining disasters
Several mining disasters have occurred in the Zonguldak mines:- 1992: A gas explosion killed 270 workers. This was Turkey’s worst mining disaster.
- 2008: In a mine collapse, one miner died.
- 2010: In the 2010 Zonguldak mine disaster2010 Zonguldak mine disasterThe 2010 Zonguldak mine disaster occurred in Zonguldak Province, Turkey, on May 17, when 30 miners died in a firedamp explosion at the Karadon coal mine....
, an explosion in the state-operated Karadon mine, at least 28 miners were killed.